Use these links to rapidly review the document
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2011
Registration No. 333-172011
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 1
to
FORM S-11
FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OF SECURITIES
OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
RLJ Lodging Trust
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in governing instruments)
3 Bethesda Metro Center
Suite 1000
Bethesda, MD 20814
(301) 280-7777
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant's Principal Executive Offices)
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr.
Chief Executive Officer and President
3 Bethesda Metro Center
Suite 1000
Bethesda, MD 20814
(301) 280-7777
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
Copies to: | ||
J. Warren Gorrell, Jr. David W. Bonser James E. Showen Hogan Lovells US LLP 555 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20004 (202) 637-5600 |
Edward F. Petrosky Bartholomew A. Sheehan, III Sidley Austin LLP 787 Seventh Avenue New York, NY 10019 (212) 839-5300 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box: o
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer ý (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company o |
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities, and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities, in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion, dated March 15, 2011
PROSPECTUS
Shares
RLJ Lodging Trust
Common Shares
We are a self-advised and self-administered Maryland real estate investment trust, which invests primarily in premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will own 140 hotels in 19 states and the District of Columbia comprising over 20,400 rooms.
This is our initial public offering. We are selling common shares of beneficial interest, or common shares, in this offering.
We expect the public offering price to be between $ and $ per share. Currently, no public market exists for our common shares. After pricing of this offering, we expect that our common shares will trade on the New York Stock Exchange, or NYSE, under the symbol "RLJ."
We intend to elect and to qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011. To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, shareholders generally are restricted from owning more than 9.8% of our outstanding common shares or our preferred shares of beneficial interest, in each case by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive. See "Description of SharesRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer."
Investing in our common shares involves risks. See "Risk Factors" beginning on page 16 of this prospectus for a description of various risks you should consider in evaluating an investment in our common shares.
|
Per Share | Total | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public offering price |
$ | $ | |||||
Underwriting discount |
$ | $ | |||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us |
$ | $ |
We have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to additional common shares from us at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days after the date of this prospectus solely to cover overallotments, if any.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state or other securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The common shares sold in this offering will be ready for delivery on or about , 2011.
BofA Merrill Lynch | Barclays Capital | Wells Fargo Securities |
The date of this prospectus is , 2011.
You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by us. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or additional information, you should not rely on it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information in this prospectus is current as of the date such information is presented. Our business, financial condition, liquidity, earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, funds from operations, or FFO, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.
This prospectus contains registered trademarks that are the exclusive property of their respective owners, which are companies other than us, including Marriott International, Inc., Hilton Worldwide, InterContinental Hotels Group, Hyatt Hotels Corporation and Choice Hotels International, Inc., or their respective parents, subsidiaries or affiliates. None of the owners of these trademarks, their respective parents, subsidiaries or affiliates or any of their respective officers, directors, members, managers, shareholders, owners, agents or employees, which we collectively refer to as the Trademark Owner Parties, is an issuer or underwriter of the common shares being offered hereby, plays (or will play) any role in the offer or sale of our common shares, has endorsed the offer of common shares hereby, or has any responsibility for the creation or contents of this prospectus. In addition, none of the Trademark Owner Parties has or will have any liability or responsibility whatsoever arising out of or related to the offer or sale of the common shares being offered hereby, including any liability or responsibility for any financial statements, projections or other financial information or other information contained in this prospectus or otherwise disseminated in connection with the offer or sale of the common shares offered hereby. You must understand that, if you purchase our common shares, your sole recourse for any alleged or actual impropriety relating to the offer and sale of such common shares and/or our operation of our business will be against us (and/or, as may be applicable, the seller
i
of such common shares) and in no event may you seek to impose liability arising from or related to such activity, directly or indirectly, upon any of the Trademark Owner Parties.
We use market data and industry forecasts and projections throughout this prospectus, including data from publicly available information and industry publications. These sources generally state that the information they provide has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of the information are not guaranteed. The forecasts and projections are based on industry surveys and the preparers' experience in the industry and there can be no assurance that any of the forecasts or projections will be achieved. We believe that the surveys and market research others have performed are reliable, but we have not independently investigated or verified this information.
Except where the context suggests otherwise, we define certain terms in this prospectus as follows:
We refer to the "RevPAR penetration index" of our initial hotels to measure each hotel's revenue per available room, or RevPAR, in relation to the average RevPAR of that hotel's competitive set. We use the measure as an indicator of a hotel's market share in relation to its competitive set. The portfolio-wide RevPAR penetration index presented in this prospectus is based on 138 of our initial hotels weighted by room count and excludes two of our initial hotels that were not open for the entire year ended December 31, 2010. Furthermore, except as otherwise specified herein, RevPAR, RevPAR penetration index, average daily rate, or ADR, and occupancy rates are presented for our initial hotels, which, as described above, refers to the 140 hotels owned by our predecessor as of the date of this prospectus, excluding the New York LaGuardia Airport Marriott (which is expected to be transferred to a third party shortly after the completion of this offering).
Historical financial data presented in this prospectus includes the New York LaGuardia Airport Marriott. However, as this hotel is expected to be transferred to a third party shortly after the completion of this offering, the pro forma financial data included herein excludes the New York LaGuardia Airport Marriott.
ii
This summary highlights some of the information in this prospectus. It does not contain all of the information that you should consider before making a decision to invest in our common shares. You should read carefully the more detailed information set forth under the heading "Risk Factors" and the other information included in this prospectus, including our historical and pro forma financial statements and related notes. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in this prospectus assumes (1) the common shares to be sold in this offering are sold at $ per share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, (2) the initial value of the units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership, or OP units, to be issued in our formation transactions is equal to the midpoint of the price range for our common shares set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, (3) the underwriters do not exercise their overallotment option to purchase up to an additional common shares and (4) the completion of our formation transactions described in this prospectus.
We are a self-advised and self-administered Maryland real estate investment trust, which invests primarily in premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will own 140 hotels in 19 states and the District of Columbia comprising over 20,400 rooms. We will be one of the largest U.S. publicly-traded lodging REITs in terms of both number of hotels and number of rooms. Our initial hotels are concentrated in urban and dense suburban markets that we believe exhibit multiple demand generators and high barriers to entry. We believe focused-service and compact full-service hotels with these characteristics generate high levels of RevPAR, strong operating margins and attractive returns.
Our strategy is to invest primarily in premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. Focused-service and compact full-service hotels typically generate most of their revenue from room rentals, have limited food and beverage outlets and meeting space and require fewer employees than traditional full-service hotels. We believe premium-branded, focused-service hotels have the potential to generate attractive returns relative to other types of hotels due to their ability to achieve RevPAR levels at or close to those achieved by traditional full-service hotels while achieving higher profit margins due to their more efficient operating model and less volatile cash flows. We also may invest in compact full-service hotels, which have operating characteristics that resemble those of focused-service hotels. International lodging brands that are consistent with our premium-branded investment strategy include, among others, Courtyard by MarriottTM, Residence Inn by MarriottTM, Hilton Garden InnTM, Homewood Suites by HiltonTM, Hyatt PlaceTM and Embassy SuitesTM.
We believe that the current market environment presents attractive opportunities for us to acquire additional hotels with significant upside potential that are compatible with our investment strategy. We also believe that current lodging market fundamentals provide significant opportunities for RevPAR and EBITDA growth at our initial hotels. We believe that our senior management team's experience, extensive industry relationships and asset management expertise, coupled with our expected access to capital, will enable us to compete effectively for acquisition opportunities and help us generate strong internal growth.
We were formed to succeed to the hotel investment and ownership platform of RLJ Development and its two remaining lodging-focused private equity funds, Fund II and Fund III, which had total equity commitments of approximately $743.0 million and $1.2 billion, respectively. As part of our formation transactions, all of the existing investors in Fund II and Fund III will receive common shares and will continue to be equity owners of our company. We believe that the ongoing equity ownership in us by investors in Fund II and Fund III demonstrates their continued support of our senior management team, our investment and growth strategies and our operating model. We have in place an
1
extensive investment and ownership platform, which is comprised of seasoned industry professionals and an efficient operating infrastructure that includes well-established systems and procedures.
Our senior management team, led by Robert L. Johnson, Executive Chairman of our board of trustees, and Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr., our Chief Executive Officer and President and a member of our board of trustees, has significant experience acquiring, financing, renovating, repositioning, redeveloping, asset managing and selling hotels. Prior to our formation, Messrs. Johnson and Baltimore founded RLJ Development, which sponsored and managed three lodging-focused private equity funds, including Fund II and Fund III. RLJ Development and the three funds collectively completed approximately $5.7 billion in hotel acquisitions and dispositions over the past decade. Prior to forming RLJ Development, Mr. Johnson served on the board of directors of Hilton Hotels Corporation (now known as Hilton Worldwide) from 1994 to 2006, and Mr. Baltimore held senior management positions at Hilton Hotels Corporation, Marriott Corporation and Host Marriott Services Corporation.
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will own a high-quality, geographically diverse portfolio of 140 hotels located in 19 states and the District of Columbia comprising over 20,400 rooms. No metropolitan statistical area, or MSA, and no individual hotel accounted for more than 14.8% or 8.7%, respectively, of our total pro forma revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010.
Our initial hotels operate under strong, premium brands, with approximately 93% of our initial hotels operating under existing relationships with either Marriott International, Inc. or its affiliates, or Marriott, subsidiaries of Hilton Worldwide, or Hilton, or Hyatt Hotels Corporation or its affiliates, or Hyatt. The following table sets forth the brand affiliations of our initial hotels:
Brand Affiliations
|
Number of Hotels |
Percentage of Total Hotels |
Number of Rooms |
Percentage of Total Rooms |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marriott |
||||||||||||||
Courtyard by Marriott |
32 | 22.9 | % | 4,223 | 20.6 | % | ||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott |
14 | 10.0 | % | 1,433 | 7.0 | % | ||||||||
Marriott |
6 | 4.3 | % | 1,834 | 9.0 | % | ||||||||
Renaissance |
3 | 2.1 | % | 782 | 3.8 | % | ||||||||
Residence Inn by Marriott |
33 | 23.6 | % | 3,607 | 17.6 | % | ||||||||
SpringHill Suites by Marriott |
11 | 7.9 | % | 1,354 | 6.6 | % | ||||||||
Subtotal |
99 | 70.8 | % | 13,233 | 64.6 | % | ||||||||
Hilton |
||||||||||||||
Doubletree |
2 | 1.4 | % | 911 | 4.5 | % | ||||||||
Embassy Suites |
4 | 2.9 | % | 950 | 4.6 | % | ||||||||
Hampton Inn/Hampton Inn & Suites |
9 | 6.4 | % | 1,115 | 5.4 | % | ||||||||
Hilton |
2 | 1.4 | % | 462 | 2.3 | % | ||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn |
6 | 4.3 | % | 1,174 | 5.7 | % | ||||||||
Homewood Suites |
2 | 1.4 | % | 301 | 1.5 | % | ||||||||
Subtotal |
25 | 17.8 | % | 4,913 | 24.0 | % | ||||||||
Hyatt |
||||||||||||||
Hyatt Summerfield Suites |
6 | 4.3 | % | 828 | 4.0 | % | ||||||||
Subtotal |
6 | 4.3 | % | 828 | 4.0 | % | ||||||||
Other Brand Affiliation/Independent(1) |
10 |
7.1 |
% |
1,514 |
7.4 |
% |
||||||||
Total |
140 | 100.0 | % | 20,488 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
2
For the year ended December 31, 2010, the average occupancy rate for our initial hotels was 69.5%, and the ADR and RevPAR of our initial hotels was $118.23 and $82.19, respectively.
We believe we distinguish ourselves from other hotel owners through the following competitive strengths:
3
also believe that utilizing multiple hotel management companies gives us access to diverse operating initiatives and best practices that we can utilize to enhance performance and operating margins across our entire portfolio. We believe that our use of independent hotel management companies also provides us with a greater number of acquisition opportunities.
Our Investment and Growth Strategies
Our objective is to generate strong returns for our shareholders by investing primarily in premium-branded, focused-service hotels and compact full-service hotels at prices where we believe we can generate attractive returns on investment and generate long-term value appreciation through aggressive asset management. We intend to pursue this objective through the following investment and growth strategies:
Investment Strategies
Growth Strategies
4
hotels in an effort to enhance the quality and attractiveness of our hotels, increase their long-term value and generate attractive returns on investment.
The U.S. Lodging Industry and Market Opportunity
We believe that the current market environment presents an opportunity for us to acquire hotels at attractive prices with significant upside potential, as well as an opportunity for us to realize RevPAR and EBITDA growth at our initial hotels. We also believe that our senior management team's extensive network of relationships within the U.S. lodging industry will continue to provide us with access to an ongoing pipeline of attractive acquisition opportunities, many of which may not be available to our competitors.
Operating performance of the U.S. lodging industry declined significantly from the peak in 2007 to 2009, as evidenced by a RevPAR decline of 18.3% during that period (as reported by Smith Travel Research), due to challenging economic conditions created by declining U.S. gross domestic product, or GDP, high levels of unemployment, a significant decline in home prices and a reduction in the availability of credit. While the U.S. lodging industry operating performance has started to improve from trough levels, performance remains significantly below the peak levels achieved in 2007. Hotel owners have been adversely impacted by a rapid decline in the availability of debt financing and the need to fund capital expenditures. We believe the combination of a decline in both hotel operating performance and the availability of debt financing has led to an increase in distressed hotel owners. We also believe these factors could create a number of opportunities for us to acquire high quality hotels at attractive prices and that our strong platform, experience, industry relationships, size and expected access to capital will provide us with advantages relative to many competing buyers. In addition, we believe that acquisition opportunities for focused-service hotels could be particularly attractive due to the combination of a large number of existing hotels in this category and the limited number of large, well-capitalized public REITs focused primarily on investing in focused-service hotels. In fact, according to Smith Travel Research, as of December 2010, there are an estimated four times as many focused-service hotels as full-service hotels within our targeted brand families operating in the United States.
We believe that the operating performance of our initial hotels and of additional hotels that we may acquire will benefit significantly from the combination of an economic recovery and the current rate of expansion of lodging supply, which is below the historical average. We also believe that new hotel supply will likely remain low for several years due to the limited availability of hotel construction financing. The International Monetary Fund estimates that U.S. GDP will grow 2.3% in 2011, and we believe that this economic growth will lead to increased lodging demand. Furthermore, a number of lodging industry research analysts and forecasters project strong RevPAR growth over the next several years. For example, for the U.S. lodging industry as a whole, Colliers PKF Hospitality Research, in its March-May 2011 edition of Hotel Horizons, projected RevPAR growth of 7.1% in 2011, 8.9% in 2012, 9.3% in 2013 and 5.4% in 2014.
5
You should carefully consider the matters discussed under the heading "Risk Factors" beginning on page 16 of this prospectus prior to deciding whether to invest in our common shares. Some of these risks include:
We expect to maintain a prudent capital structure, but do not have a targeted leverage range. Over time, we intend to finance our long-term growth with equity issuances and debt financing having staggered maturities. Initially, our debt will include mortgage debt secured by our hotels and unsecured debt. Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will have a mix of fixed and floating rate debt, though initially the majority of our debt will either bear interest at fixed rates or effectively bear interest at fixed rates due to interest rate hedges on the debt. Over time, we will seek
6
to primarily utilize unsecured debt (with the goal of achieving an investment grade credit rating) and a greater percentage of fixed rate and hedged floating rate debt relative to unhedged floating rate debt.
Concurrently with the completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we anticipate entering into a revolving credit facility with affiliates of certain of the underwriters to fund future acquisitions, as well as for hotel redevelopments, renovations, expansions and working capital requirements.
Our Structure
We were formed as a Maryland real estate investment trust in January 2011. We will conduct our business through a traditional umbrella partnership real estate investment trust, or UPREIT, in which our hotels are indirectly owned by our operating partnership, RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., through limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other subsidiaries. We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership and, upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, will own approximately % of the OP units in our operating partnership. In the future, we may issue OP units from time to time in connection with acquisitions of hotels or for financing, compensation or other reasons.
In order for the income from our hotel operations to constitute "rents from real property" for purposes of the gross income tests required for REIT qualification, we cannot directly or indirectly operate any of our hotels. Accordingly, we lease each of our initial hotels, and intend to lease any hotels we acquire in the future, to subsidiaries of our TRSs, or TRS lessees, which are wholly-owned by us, and our TRS lessees have engaged, or will engage, third-party hotel management companies to manage our initial hotels, and any hotels we acquire in the future, on market terms. Our TRS lessees pay rent to us that we intend to treat as "rents from real property," provided that the third-party hotel management companies engaged by our TRS lessees to manage our hotels are deemed to be "eligible independent contractors" and certain other requirements are met. Our TRSs are subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes applicable to corporations. See "Our Principal AgreementsHotel Management Agreements."
Formation Transactions
Prior to or concurrently with the completion of this offering, we will engage in certain formation transactions which are designed to: consolidate our management platform into our operating partnership; consolidate the ownership of our initial hotels into our operating partnership; facilitate this offering; enable us to raise necessary capital to repay existing indebtedness related to certain of our initial hotels; enable us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011; and preserve the tax position of certain investors in our predecessor and its related entities that will receive common shares or OP units in connection with our formation transactions, whom we refer to as our continuing investors.
The significant elements of our formation transactions include:
7
The following chart depicts our anticipated structure and ownership following (1) the completion of our formation transactions, and (2) the completion of this offering, assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their overallotment option:
8
Benefits of Formation Transactions to Related Parties
In connection with this offering and our formation transactions, each of our executive officers and trustees will receive material benefits, including the following (dollar values below are based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus):
Employment Agreements
We intend to enter into an employment agreement with each of our executive officers that will be effective upon completion of this offering. These employment agreements will provide for base salary, bonus and other benefits, including accelerated vesting of equity awards upon a change in our control or termination of the executive's employment under certain circumstances. See "ManagementExecutive CompensationEmployment Agreements."
Indemnification Agreements for Officers and Trustees
We intend to enter into indemnification agreements with our trustees and executive officers that will be effective upon completion of this offering. These indemnification agreements will provide indemnification to these persons by us to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and certain procedures for indemnification, including advancement by us of certain expenses relating to claims brought against these persons under certain circumstances. See "ManagementLimitation of Liability and Indemnification."
Registration Rights Agreements
We expect to enter into registration rights agreements with the entities and individuals receiving our common shares and OP units in connection with our formation transactions, including our executive officers. See "Shares Eligible for Future SaleRegistration Rights Agreements."
9
To satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT, and to avoid paying tax on our income, we intend to make regular quarterly distributions of all, or substantially all, of our REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gains) to our shareholders. We intend to make a pro rata distribution with respect to the period commencing upon completion of this offering and ending on , 2011, based on a distribution of $ per common share for a full quarter. On an annualized basis, this would be $ per common share, or an annualized distribution rate of approximately % based on an assumed initial public offering price of $ per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We do not intend to reduce our initial distribution rate if the underwriters' overallotment option is exercised; however, this could require us to borrow funds to make the distributions or to make the distributions from net offering proceeds. We intend to maintain our initial distribution rate for the 12-month period following completion of this offering unless our actual results of operations, EBITDA, FFO, liquidity, cash flows, financial condition or prospects, economic conditions or other factors differ materially from the assumptions used in projecting our initial distribution rate.
Any future distributions will be at the sole discretion of our board of trustees, and their form, timing and amount, if any, will depend upon a number of factors, including our actual and projected financial condition, liquidity, EBITDA, FFO and results of operations, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements, applicable law and such other factors as our board of trustees deems relevant. To the extent that our cash available for distribution is less than 90% of our REIT taxable income, we may consider various means to cover any such shortfall, including borrowing under our anticipated revolving credit facility or other loans, selling certain of our assets or using a portion of the net proceeds we receive from this offering or future offerings of equity, equity-related or debt securities or declaring taxable share dividends.
We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, relating to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and values of our assets, our distribution levels and the diversity of ownership of our common shares. We believe that our organization and proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
So long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on our REIT taxable income that we distribute currently to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and the statutory relief provisions of the Code do not apply, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates and may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year during which we lost our REIT qualification. Distributions to shareholders in any year in which we are not a REIT would not be deductible by us, nor would they be required to be made. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income or property, and certain of our TRSs will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes.
10
Restrictions on Ownership of our Common Shares
The Code imposes limitations on the concentration of ownership of our shares. To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, our declaration of trust generally prohibits any person or entity (other than a person or entity who has been granted an exception) from directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively, owning more than 9.8% of the aggregate of our outstanding common shares, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, or 9.8% of the aggregate of the outstanding preferred shares of beneficial interest, or preferred shares, of any class or series, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive. Our declaration of trust also prohibits any person or entity from (1) beneficially owning shares of beneficial interest to the extent that such beneficial ownership would result in our being "closely held" within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of the taxable year), (2) transferring our shares of beneficial interest to the extent that such transfer would result in our shares of beneficial interest being beneficially owned by less than 100 persons (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code), (3) beneficially or constructively owning our shares of beneficial interest to the extent such beneficial or constructive ownership would cause any of our income that would qualify as "rents from real property" for purposes of Section 856(d) of the Code to fail to qualify as such, including as a result of any hotel management company failing to qualify as an "eligible independent contractor" or (4) beneficially or constructively owning or transferring our shares of beneficial interest if such ownership or transfer would otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code.
Our declaration of trust, however, does permit waivers of the foregoing ownership restrictions that may be granted to shareholders if our board of trustees determines such waivers will not jeopardize our tax status as a REIT. We currently expect that our board of trustees will grant waivers of the ownership limit with respect to two investors who are expected to receive common shares in connection with our formation transactions.
Our principal executive offices are located at 3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1000, Bethesda, MD 20814. Our telephone number is (301) 280-7777. We have reserved the website located at www. . The information that will be found on or accessible through our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus or any other report or document that we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC. We have included our website address as an inactive textual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to our website.
11
Issuer |
RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust | |
Common shares offered by us |
common shares, plus up to an additional common shares that we may issue and sell upon the exercise of the underwriters' overallotment option. |
|
Common shares to be outstanding after this offering |
shares(1) |
|
Common shares and OP units to be outstanding after this offering |
shares and OP units(1)(2) |
|
Use of proceeds |
We intend to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows: |
|
|
approximately $ million will be used to repay approximately $ million of secured indebtedness and approximately $ million in associated prepayment penalties; and |
|
|
any remaining net proceeds will be used for general business and working capital purposes. |
|
Risk factors |
Investing in our common shares involves risks. You should carefully read and consider the information set forth under "Risk Factors" and all other information in this prospectus before making a decision to invest in our common shares. |
|
Proposed NYSE symbol |
We intend to apply to have our common shares listed on the NYSE under the symbol "RLJ." |
|
Conflicts of interest |
An affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, an underwriter in this offering, is a lender under seven outstanding loans, two of which will be repaid with a portion of the net proceeds of this offering. As such, this affiliate will receive a portion of the net proceeds of this offering that are used to repay such indebtedness. Further, an affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC is a minority investor in each of Fund II and Fund III, and it will receive an aggregate of common shares in connection with our formation transactions. See "Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)Conflicts of Interest." |
12
Summary Historical and Pro Forma Combined Financial and Operating Data
You should read the following summary historical and pro forma combined financial and operating data, together with "Selected Financial and Operating Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the historical and pro forma combined consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We present herein certain combined consolidated historical financial data for our predecessor, which is not a legal entity, but rather a combination of the real estate hospitality assets, liabilities and operations of Fund II and Fund III and the assets, liabilities and operations of RLJ Development. The historical combined consolidated financial data for our predecessor is not necessarily indicative of our results of operations, cash flows or financial position following the completion of this offering and our formation transactions.
We have not presented our historical financial information because we have not had any corporate activity since our formation other than the issuance of common shares in connection with our initial capitalization and activity in connection with this offering and our formation transactions. Therefore, we do not believe a discussion of our historical results would be meaningful.
The historical combined consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 of our predecessor and the combined consolidated statements of operations information for each of the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 of our predecessor have been derived from the historical audited combined consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our summary unaudited condensed pro forma combined consolidated financial and operating data for the year ended December 31, 2010 assumes (1) the common shares to be sold in this offering are sold at the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and (2) the completion of our formation transactions as of January 1, 2010 for the operating data and as of December 31, 2010 for the balance sheet data. Our pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position and results of operations would have been as of the date and for the periods indicated, nor does it purport to represent our future financial position or results of operations.
13
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated |
Historical Combined Consolidated | |||||||||||||
|
2010 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||||
|
(Unaudited) |
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except share, per share and property data) |
||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data |
|||||||||||||||
Room revenue |
$ | 608,266 | $ | 466,608 | $ | 408,667 | $ | 463,015 | |||||||
Other hotel revenue |
100,298 | 78,960 | 73,821 | 88,804 | |||||||||||
Total revenue |
708,564 | 545,568 | 482,488 | 551,819 | |||||||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||||||||
Room expense |
137,980 | 103,333 | 90,663 | 97,407 | |||||||||||
Other hotel expense |
298,631 | 231,237 | 210,810 | 235,391 | |||||||||||
Total hotel operating expense |
436,611 | 334,570 | 301,473 | 332,798 | |||||||||||
Property tax, ground rent and insurance |
45,781 | 34,868 | 35,667 | 34,110 | |||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
119,316 | 100,793 | 96,154 | 84,390 | |||||||||||
Impairment loss |
| | 98,372 | 21,472 | |||||||||||
General and administrative |
19,539 | 19,599 | 18,215 | 18,791 | |||||||||||
Transaction, pursuit and organization costs |
1,447 | 14,345 | 8,665 | 2,100 | |||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
622,694 | 504,175 | 558,546 | 493,661 | |||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
85,870 | 41,393 | (76,058 | ) | 58,158 | ||||||||||
Interest and other income |
3,985 | 3,986 | 1,579 | 2,357 | |||||||||||
Interest expense |
(83,301 | ) | (89,195 | ) | (92,175 | ) | (92,892 | ) | |||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income tax (expense) benefit |
6,554 | (43,816 | ) | (166,654 | ) | (32,377 | ) | ||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
(1,608 | ) | (945 | ) | (1,801 | ) | 945 | ||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
4,946 | (44,761 | ) | (168,455 | ) | (31,432 | ) | ||||||||
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest |
8 | (213 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Distributions to preferred shareholders |
| (62 | ) | (62 | ) | (61 | ) | ||||||||
Net income (loss) available to owners |
$ | 4,938 | $ | (44,610 | ) | $ | (168,517 | ) | $ | (31,493 | ) | ||||
Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |
|||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 275,952 | $ | 267,454 | $ | 151,382 | $ | 156,181 | |||||||
Investment in hotels, net |
2,798,342 | 2,626,690 | 1,877,583 | 1,905,653 | |||||||||||
Total assets |
3,209,074 | 3,045,824 | 2,202,865 | 2,213,108 | |||||||||||
Total debt |
1,338,877 | 1,747,077 | 1,598,991 | 1,448,872 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities |
1,409,045 | 1,822,091 | 1,717,118 | 1,592,376 | |||||||||||
Total owners' equity |
1,800,029 | 1,223,733 | 485,747 | 620,732 | |||||||||||
Total liabilities and owners' equity |
3,209,074 | 3,045,824 | 2,202,865 | 2,213,108 | |||||||||||
Per Share Data: |
|||||||||||||||
Pro forma basic earnings per share |
|||||||||||||||
Pro forma diluted earnings per share |
|||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingbasic |
|||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingdiluted |
|||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
|||||||||||||||
Number of properties at period end(1) |
140 | 132 | 117 | 115 | |||||||||||
Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 207,270 | |||||||||||||
Pro forma Adjusted FFO |
125,404 | ||||||||||||||
Cash flows from: |
|||||||||||||||
Operating activities |
$ | 63,663 | $ | 28,852 | $ | 76,978 | |||||||||
Investing activities |
(786,193 | ) | (198,025 | ) | (130,400 | ) | |||||||||
Financing activities |
838,602 | 164,374 | 125,706 |
14
|
Pro Forma | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
|||||
|
(In thousands) |
|||||
Reconciliation of FFO(1), Adjusted FFO(1), EBITDA(2) and Adjusted EBITDA(2) to Net Income |
||||||
Net income available to owners |
$ | 4,938 | ||||
Add (deduct): |
||||||
Depreciation and amortization(3) |
119,019 | |||||
FFO |
123,957 | |||||
Add (deduct): |
||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs |
1,447 | |||||
Adjusted FFO |
$ | 125,404 | ||||
Net income available to owners |
$ |
4,938 |
||||
Add (deduct): |
||||||
Interest expense(4) |
82,656 | |||||
Interest and other income(5) |
(2,398 | ) | ||||
Income tax expense |
1,608 | |||||
Depreciation and amortization(3) |
119,019 | |||||
EBITDA |
205,823 | |||||
Add (deduct): |
||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs |
1,447 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 207,270 | ||||
We further adjust FFO for certain additional items that are not in NAREIT's definition of FFO, such as impairment losses and hotel transaction and pursuit costs. We believe that Adjusted FFO provides investors with another financial measure that may facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs.
We further adjust EBITDA for certain additional recurring and non-recurring items such as impairment losses and hotel transaction and pursuit costs. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with another financial measure that can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs.
15
An investment in our common shares involves risks. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully consider the following risk factors, which address the material risks concerning our business and an investment in our common shares, together with the other information contained in this prospectus. If any of the risks discussed in this prospectus were to occur, our business, prospects, financial condition, liquidity, EBITDA, FFO and results of operations and our ability to service our debt and make distributions to our shareholders could be materially and adversely affected, the market price per common share could decline significantly and you could lose all or a part of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Risks Related to Our Business and Properties
We will be significantly influenced by the economies and other conditions in the specific markets in which we operate, particularly in the metropolitan areas where we have high concentrations of hotels.
Our initial hotels located in the New York, New York, Chicago, Illinois, Austin, Texas, Denver-Boulder, Colorado, Louisville, Kentucky, and the Baltimore, Maryland-Washington, D.C. metropolitan areas accounted for approximately 14.8%, 13.2%, 10.6%, 9.6%, 6.9%, and 5.5%, respectively, of our total pro forma revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010. As a result, we are particularly susceptible to adverse market conditions in these areas, including industry downturns, relocation of businesses and any oversupply of hotel rooms or a reduction in lodging demand. Adverse economic developments in the markets in which we have a concentration of hotels, or in any of the other markets in which we operate, or any increase in hotel supply or decrease in lodging demand resulting from the local, regional or national business climate, could materially and adversely affect us.
We are dependent on the performance of the third-party hotel management companies that manage the operations of each of our hotels and could be materially and adversely affected if such third-party managers do not manage our hotels in our best interests.
Since federal income tax laws restrict REITs and their subsidiaries from operating or managing hotels, we do not operate or manage our hotels. Instead, we lease all of our hotels to subsidiaries of our TRSs, and our TRS lessees retain third-party managers to operate our hotels pursuant to management agreements. We will have entered into 140 hotel management agreements for our initial hotels, 104 of which will be with White Lodging Services, or WLS. We could be materially and adversely affected if any of our third-party managers fail to provide quality services and amenities, fail to maintain a quality brand name or otherwise fail to manage our hotels in our best interest. In addition, from time to time, disputes may arise between us and our third-party managers regarding their performance or compliance with the terms of the hotel management agreements, which in turn could adversely affect our results of operations. We generally will attempt to resolve any such disputes through discussions and negotiations; however, if we are unable to reach satisfactory results through discussions and negotiations, we may choose to terminate our management agreement, litigate the dispute or submit the matter to third-party dispute resolution, the outcome of which may be unfavorable to us.
Under the terms of the hotel management agreements, our ability to participate in operating decisions regarding our hotels is limited to certain matters, including approval of the annual operating budget, and we do not have the authority to require any hotel to be operated in a particular manner (for instance, setting room rates). While our TRS lessees will closely monitor the performance of our third-party managers, our general recourse under the hotel management agreements is limited to termination upon sixty days' notice if we believe our third-party managers are not performing adequately. For example, we have a right to terminate a management agreement with WLS, our largest
16
provider of management services, if WLS fails to achieve certain hotel performance criteria measured over any two consecutive fiscal years, as outlined in each WLS management agreement. However, even if WLS fails to perform under the terms of a management agreement, it has the option (exercisable a maximum of three times per hotel) to avoid a performance termination by paying a performance deficit fee as specified in the management agreement.
In the event that we terminate any of our management agreements, we can provide no assurances that we could find a replacement manager or that our franchisors will consent to a replacement manager in a timely manner, or at all, or that any replacement manager will be successful in operating our initial hotels. Furthermore, if WLS, as our largest provider of management services, is financially unable or unwilling to perform its obligations pursuant to our management agreements, our ability to find a replacement manager or managers for our WLS-managed hotels could be challenging and time consuming, depending on the number of WLS-managed hotels affected, and could cause us to incur significant costs to obtain new management agreements for the affected hotels. Accordingly, if we lose a significant amount of our WLS management agreements, we could be materially and adversely affected. In addition, many of our existing franchise agreements provide the franchisor with a right of first offer in the event of certain sales or transfers of a hotel and provide that the franchisor has the right to approve any change in the hotel management company engaged to manage the hotel. If any of the foregoing were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on us.
Restrictive covenants in certain of our hotel management and franchise agreements contain provisions limiting or restricting the sale or financing of our hotels, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Hotel management and franchise agreements typically contain restrictive covenants that limit or restrict our ability to sell or refinance a hotel without the consent of the hotel management company or franchisor. Many of our existing franchise agreements provide the franchisor with a right of first offer in the event of certain sales or transfers of a hotel and provide that the franchisor has the right to approve any change in the hotel management company engaged to manage the hotel. Generally, we may not agree to sell, lease or otherwise transfer particular hotels unless the transferee is not a competitor of the hotel management company or franchisor and the transferee assumes the related hotel management and franchise agreements. For example, substantially all of our management agreements with WLS provide that any sale of a hotel to a purchaser who does not meet all of the requirements under the applicable franchise agreement associated with such hotel must be first approved by WLS. If the hotel management company or franchisor does not consent to the sale or financing of our hotels, we may be prohibited from taking actions that would otherwise be in our and our shareholders' best interests.
Substantially all of our initial hotels operate under either Marriott or Hilton brands; therefore, we are subject to risks associated with concentrating our portfolio in just two brand families.
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, 124 of the 140 of our initial hotels will utilize brands owned by Marriott or Hilton. As a result, our success is dependent in part on the continued success of Marriott and Hilton and their respective brands. We believe that building brand value is critical to increase demand and build customer loyalty. Consequently, if market recognition or the positive perception of Marriott and/or Hilton is reduced or compromised, the goodwill associated with the Marriott- and Hilton-branded hotels in our portfolio may be adversely affected. Furthermore, if our relationship with Marriott or Hilton were to deteriorate or terminate as a result of disputes regarding the management of our hotels or for other reasons, Marriott and/or Hilton could, under certain circumstances, terminate our current franchise licenses with them or decline to provide franchise licenses for hotels that we may acquire in the future. If any of the foregoing were to occur, it could have a material adverse effect on us.
17
Our long-term growth depends in part on successfully identifying and consummating acquisitions of additional hotels and the failure to make such acquisitions could materially impede our growth.
We can provide no assurances that we will be successful in identifying attractive hotels or that, once identified, we will be successful in consummating an acquisition. We face significant competition for attractive investment opportunities from other well-capitalized investors, some of which have greater financial resources and a greater access to debt and equity capital to acquire hotels than we do. This competition increases as investments in real estate become increasingly attractive relative to other forms of investment. As a result of such competition, we may be unable to acquire certain hotels that we deem attractive or the purchase price may be significantly elevated or other terms may be substantially more onerous. In addition, we expect to finance future acquisitions through a combination of borrowings under a revolving credit facility that we anticipate will be in place following the completion of this offering and our formation transactions, the use of retained cash flows, and offerings of equity and debt securities, which may not be available on advantageous terms, or at all. Any delay or failure on our part to identify, negotiate, finance on favorable terms, consummate and integrate such acquisitions could materially impede our growth.
The departure of any of our key personnel who have significant experience and relationships in the lodging industry, including Robert L. Johnson, Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. and Ross H. Bierkan, could materially and adversely affect us.
We depend on the experience and relationships of our senior management team, especially Robert L. Johnson, Executive Chairman of our board of trustees, Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr., our Chief Executive Officer, President and member of our board of trustees, and Ross H. Bierkan, our Chief Investment Officer, to manage our day-to-day operations and strategic business direction. Messrs. Johnson, Baltimore and Bierkan have 17, 22 and 25 years of experience in the lodging industry, respectively, during which time they have established an extensive network of lodging industry contacts and relationships, including relationships with global and national hotel brands, hotel owners, financiers, operators, commercial real estate brokers, developers and management companies. We can provide no assurances that any of our key personnel will continue their employment with us, even though all of the members of our senior management team are expected to enter into employment agreements with us upon completion of this offering. The loss of services of Messrs. Johnson, Baltimore or Bierkan, or of the services of other members of our senior management team, or any difficulty attracting and retaining other talented and experienced personnel, could adversely affect our ability to source potential investment opportunities, our relationship with global and national hotel brands and other industry participants and the execution of our business strategy. Further, such a loss could be negatively perceived in the capital markets, which could reduce the market value of our common shares.
Our business strategy depends on achieving revenue and net income growth from anticipated increases in demand for hotel rooms; accordingly, any delay or a weaker than anticipated economic recovery could materially and adversely affect us and our growth prospects.
Our initial hotels have experienced declining operating performance across various U.S. markets during the most recent economic recession. Our business strategy depends on achieving revenue and net income growth from anticipated improvement in demand for hotel rooms as part of a future economic recovery. As a result, any delay or a weaker than anticipated economic recovery could materially and adversely affect us and our growth prospects. Furthermore, even if the economy recovers, we cannot provide any assurances that demand for hotel rooms will increase from current levels. If demand does not increase in the near future, or if demand weakens further, our future results of operations and our growth prospects could also be materially and adversely affected.
18
The ongoing need for capital expenditures at our hotels could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our hotels will have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements, including replacements, from time to time, of furniture, fixtures and equipment. The franchisors of our hotels also will require periodic capital improvements as a condition of maintaining the franchise licenses. In addition, our lenders will likely require that we set aside annual amounts for capital improvements to our hotels. The costs of all these capital improvements could materially and adversely affect us.
Any difficulties in obtaining capital necessary to make required periodic capital expenditures and renovation of our hotels could materially and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Our hotels will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. In addition, acquisitions or redevelopment of additional hotels will require significant capital expenditures. We may not be able to fund capital improvements on our initial hotels or acquisitions of new hotels solely from cash provided from our operating activities because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gains. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or hotel redevelopment through retained earnings is very limited. Consequently, we expect to rely upon the availability of debt or equity capital to fund capital improvements and acquisitions. In addition, our organizational documents do not limit the amount of debt that we can incur. If we are unable to obtain the capital necessary to make required periodic capital expenditures and renovate our hotels on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
Adverse global market and economic conditions and dislocations in the markets could cause us to recognize impairment charges, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We continually monitor events and changes in circumstances, including those resulting from the recent economic downturn, that could indicate that the carrying value of the real estate and related intangible assets in which we have an ownership interest may not be recoverable. When circumstances indicate that the carrying value of real estate and related intangible assets may not be recoverable, we assess the recoverability of these assets by determining whether the carrying value will be recovered through the undiscounted future operating cash flows expected from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such expected undiscounted future cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, we adjust the real estate and related intangible assets to the fair value and recognize an impairment loss. Because our predecessor acquired many of our initial hotels in the last five years, when prices for hotels in many markets were at or near their peaks, we may be particularly susceptible to future non-cash impairment charges as compared to companies that have carrying values well below current market values, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. During 2008 and 2009, our predecessor recognized impairment charges on certain of our hotels of approximately $21 million and $98 million, respectively, in the aggregate.
Projections of expected future cash flows require management to make assumptions to estimate future occupancy, hotel operating expenses, and the number of years the hotel is held for investment, among other factors. The subjectivity of assumptions used in the future cash flow analysis, including discount rates, could result in an incorrect assessment of the hotel's fair value and, therefore, could result in the misstatement of the carrying value of our real estate and related intangible assets on our balance sheet and our results of operations. Ongoing adverse market and economic conditions and market volatility will likely continue to make it difficult to value the hotels owned by us, as well as the value of our interests in any unconsolidated joint ventures and/or our goodwill and other intangible assets. As a result of current adverse market and economic conditions, there may be significant
19
uncertainty in the valuation, or in the stability of, the cash flows, discount rates and other factors related to such assets that could result in a substantial decrease in their value.
Competition from other hotels in the markets in which we operate could adversely affect occupancy levels and/or ADRs, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We face significant competition at our hotels from owners and operators of other hotels. These competitors may have an operating model that enables them to offer rooms at lower rates than we can, which, particularly in the current economic environment, could result in those competitors increasing their occupancy at our expense and adversely affecting our ADRs. Given the importance of occupancy and ADR at focused-service and compact full-service hotels, this competition could adversely affect our ability to attract prospective guests, which could materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
Our organizational documents have no limitation on the amount of indebtedness we may incur. As a result, we may become highly leveraged in the future, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Our business strategy contemplates the use of both non-recourse secured and unsecured debt to finance long-term growth. In addition, our organizational documents contain no limitations on the amount of debt that we may incur, and our board of trustees may change our financing policy at any time without shareholder notice or approval. As a result, we may be able to incur substantial additional debt, including secured debt, in the future. Incurring debt could subject us to many risks, including the risks that:
If we violate covenants in future agreements relating to indebtedness that we may incur, we could be required to repay all or a portion of our indebtedness before maturity at a time when we might be unable to arrange financing for such repayment on attractive terms, if at all. In addition, future indebtedness agreements may require that we meet certain covenant tests in order to make distributions to our shareholders.
Disruptions in the financial markets could adversely affect our ability to obtain sufficient third-party financing for our capital needs, including expansion, acquisition and other activities, on favorable terms or at all, which could materially and adversely affect us.
The U.S. stock and credit markets recently have experienced significant price volatility, dislocations and liquidity disruptions, which have caused market prices of many stocks to fluctuate substantially and the spreads on prospective debt financings to widen considerably. These circumstances have materially impacted liquidity in the financial markets, making terms for certain financings less attractive, and in
20
some cases have resulted in the unavailability of financing, even for companies which otherwise are qualified to obtain financing. In addition, several banks and other institutions that historically have been reliable sources of financing have gone out of business, which has reduced significantly the number of lending institutions and the availability of credit. Continued volatility and uncertainty in the stock and credit markets may negatively impact our ability to access additional financing for our capital needs, including expansion, acquisition activities and other purposes, on favorable terms or at all, which may negatively affect our business. Additionally, due to this uncertainty, we may in the future be unable to refinance or extend our debt, or the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of our existing debt. If we are not successful in refinancing our debt when it becomes due, we may be forced to dispose of hotels on disadvantageous terms, which might adversely affect our ability to service other debt and to meet our other obligations. A prolonged downturn in the financial markets may cause us to seek alternative sources of potentially less attractive financing and may require us to further adjust our business plan accordingly. These events also may make it more difficult or costly for us to raise capital through the issuance of new equity capital or the incurrence of additional secured or unsecured debt, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we expect to have approximately $1.3 billion of debt outstanding, which may materially and adversely affect our operating performance and put us at a competitive disadvantage.
Required repayments of debt and related interest may materially and adversely affect our operating performance. Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions (including the application of the net proceeds of this offering as set forth under "Use of Proceeds"), we expect to have approximately $1.3 billion of outstanding debt. Increases in interest rates on any variable rate debt would increase our interest expense, which could harm our cash flows and our ability to pay distributions to shareholders.
Because we anticipate that our internally generated cash will be adequate to repay only a portion of our debt at maturity, we expect that we will be required to repay debt through debt refinancings and/or equity offerings. In particular, approximately $211.6 million of our outstanding debt matures in 2011 (assuming we do not exercise any available extension options). The amount of our outstanding debt may adversely affect our ability to refinance our debt.
If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, or at all, we may be forced to dispose of one or more of our hotels on disadvantageous terms, which may result in losses to us and may adversely affect cash available for distributions to our shareholders. In addition, if then prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, our interest expense would increase, which would adversely affect our future operating results and liquidity.
Our substantial outstanding debt may harm our business, financial condition, liquidity, EBITDA, FFO and results of operations, including:
21
The use of debt to finance future acquisitions could restrict operations, inhibit our ability to grow our business and revenues, and negatively affect our business and financial results.
We intend to incur additional debt in connection with future hotel acquisitions. We may, in some instances, borrow under our anticipated revolving credit facility or borrow new funds to acquire hotels. In addition, we may incur mortgage debt by obtaining loans secured by a portfolio of some or all of the hotels that we own or acquire. If necessary or advisable, we also may borrow funds to make distributions to our shareholders in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To the extent that we incur debt in the future and do not have sufficient funds to repay such debt at maturity, it may be necessary to refinance the debt through debt or equity financings, which may not be available on acceptable terms or at all and which could be dilutive to our shareholders. If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms or at all, we may be forced to dispose of hotels at inopportune times or on disadvantageous terms, which could result in losses. To the extent we cannot meet our future debt service obligations, we will risk losing to foreclosure some or all of our hotels that may be pledged to secure our obligations.
For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our hotels would be treated as a sale of the hotel for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the hotel, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but we would not receive any cash proceeds, which could hinder our ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Code. In addition, we may give full or partial guarantees to lenders of mortgage debt on behalf of the entities that own our hotels. When we give a guarantee on behalf of an entity that owns one of our hotels, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by such entity. If any of our hotels are foreclosed on due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our shareholders will be limited.
Hedging against interest rate exposure may adversely affect us.
Historically, Fund II and Fund III have used interest rate swaps to hedge against interest rate fluctuations. Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we intend to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements, such as cap agreements and swap agreements. These agreements involve the risks that these arrangements may fail to protect or adversely affect us because, among other things:
As a result of any of the foregoing, our hedging transactions, which are intended to limit losses, could have a material adverse effect on us.
22
Our failure to comply with all covenants in our existing or future debt agreements could materially and adversely affect us.
The mortgages on our initial hotels, and hotels that we may acquire in the future likely will, contain customary covenants such as those that limit our ability, without the prior consent of the lender, to further mortgage the applicable hotel or to discontinue insurance coverage. In addition, our term loan contains negative covenants that restrict, among other things, our ability to incur additional indebtedness or, under certain circumstances, to make distributions to our shareholders. Any credit facility or secured loans that we enter into, including the anticipated revolving credit facility that we expect to enter into concurrently with the completion of this offering and our formation transactions, likely will contain customary financial covenants, restrictions, requirements and other limitations with which we must comply. Our continued ability to borrow under the anticipated revolving credit facility that we expect to enter into concurrently with the completion of this offering and any other credit facility that we may obtain will be subject to compliance with our financial and other covenants, including covenants relating to debt service coverage ratios and leverage ratios, and our ability to meet these covenants will be adversely affected if U.S. lodging fundamentals do not improve when and to the extent that we expect. In addition, our failure to comply with these covenants, as well as our inability to make required payments, could cause a default under the applicable debt agreement, which could result in the acceleration of the debt and require us to repay such debt with capital obtained from other sources, which may not be available to us or may be available only on unattractive terms. Furthermore, if we default on secured debt, lenders can take possession of the hotel or hotels securing such debt. In addition, debt agreements may contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the lenders the right to declare a default on its debt and to enforce remedies, including acceleration of the maturity of such debt upon the occurrence of a default under such other indebtedness. If we default on several of our debt agreements or any significant debt agreement, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Covenants applicable to future debt could restrict our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and, as a result, we may be unable to make distributions necessary to qualify as a REIT, which could materially and adversely affect us and the market price of our common shares.
We intend to operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In order to qualify as a REIT, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain, each year to our shareholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we distribute to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under the Code. If, as a result of covenants applicable to our future debt, we are restricted from making distributions to our shareholders, we may be unable to make distributions necessary for us to avoid U.S. federal corporate income and excise taxes and maintain our qualification as a REIT, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Costs associated with, or failure to maintain, franchisor operating standards may materially and adversely affect us.
Under the terms of our franchise license agreements, we are required to meet specified operating standards and other terms and conditions. We expect that our franchisors will periodically inspect our hotels to ensure that we and the hotel management companies follow brand standards. Failure by us, or any hotel management company that we engage, to maintain these standards or other terms and conditions could result in a franchise license being canceled or the franchisor requiring us to undertake a costly property improvement program. If a franchise license is terminated due to our failure to make
23
required improvements or to otherwise comply with its terms, we also may be liable to the franchisor for a termination payment, which will vary by franchisor and by hotel. Furthermore, under certain circumstances, a franchisor may require us to make capital expenditures, even if we do not believe the capital improvements are necessary or desirable or will result in an acceptable return on our investment. If the funds required to maintain franchisor operating standards are significant, or if a franchise license is terminated, we could be materially and adversely affected.
If we were to lose a franchise license at one or more of our hotels, the value of the affected hotels could decline significantly and we could incur significant costs to obtain new franchise licenses, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
If we were to lose a franchise license, we would be required to re-brand the affected hotel(s). As a result, the underlying value of a particular hotel could decline significantly from the loss of associated name recognition, marketing support, participation in guest loyalty programs and the centralized reservation system provided by the franchisor. Furthermore, the loss of a franchise license at a particular hotel could harm our relationship with the franchisor, which could impede our ability to operate other hotels under the same brand, limit our ability to obtain new franchise licenses from the franchisor in the future on favorable terms, or at all, and cause us to incur significant costs to obtain a new franchise license for the particular hotel. Accordingly, if we lose one or more franchise licenses, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Applicable REIT laws may restrict certain business activities.
As a REIT, we are subject to various restrictions on our income, assets and activities. Business activities that could be impacted by applicable REIT laws include, but are not limited to, activities such as developing alternative uses of real estate, including the development and/or sale of timeshare or condominium units. Due to these restrictions, we anticipate that we will conduct certain business activities, including those mentioned above, in one or more of our TRSs. Our TRSs are taxable as regular C corporations and are subject to federal, state, local, and, if applicable, foreign taxation on their taxable income. In addition, neither we, nor our TRSs can directly manage or operate hotels, making us entirely dependent on unrelated third-party operators/managers.
Federal income tax provisions applicable to REITs may restrict our business decisions regarding the potential sale of a hotel.
The federal income tax provisions applicable to REITs provide that any gain realized by a REIT on the sale of property held as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is treated as income from a "prohibited transaction" that is subject to a 100% excise tax. Under existing law, whether property, including hotels, is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is a question of fact that depends upon all of the facts and circumstances with respect to the particular transaction. We intend to hold our hotels for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring and owning hotels and to make occasional sales of hotels consistent with our investment objectives. There can be no assurance, however, that the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, might not contend that one or more of these sales are subject to the 100% excise tax. Moreover, the potential application of this penalty tax could deter us from selling one or more hotels even though it otherwise would be in the best interests of us and our shareholders for us to do so. There is a statutory safe harbor available for a limited number of sales in a single taxable year of properties that have been owned by a REIT for at least two years, but that safe harbor likely would not apply to all sales transactions that we might otherwise consider. As a result, we may not be able to vary our portfolio promptly in response to economic or other conditions or on favorable terms, which may adversely affect us.
24
The RevPAR penetration index may not accurately reflect our initial hotels' respective market shares.
We use the RevPAR penetration index, which measures a hotel's RevPAR in relation to the average RevPAR of that hotel's competitive set, as an indicator of a hotel's market share in relation to its competitive set. However, as a particular hotel's competitive set is selected by us and the manager of such hotel, no assurance can be given that a competitive set consisting of different hotels would not lead to a more accurate measure of such hotel's market share. As such, the RevPAR penetration index may not accurately reflect our initial hotels' respective market shares.
Joint venture investments that we make could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on joint venture partners' financial condition and liquidity and disputes between us and our joint venture partners.
We own the Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City through a joint venture with an affiliate of the hotel's property manager. In addition, we may enter into joint ventures in the future to acquire, develop, improve or dispose of hotels, thereby reducing the amount of capital required by us to make investments and diversifying our capital sources for growth. Such joint venture investments involve risks not otherwise present in a wholly-owned hotel or a redevelopment project, including the following:
25
Any of the above might subject a hotel to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and adversely affect the value of our current and future joint venture investments.
The past performance of Fund I is not necessarily indicative of our future results of operations.
This prospectus includes data relating to the past performance of Fund I. Although Fund I was sponsored and managed by members of our senior management team, including Messrs. Johnson and Baltimore, Fund I's investment portfolio operated in a different economic environment than our initial hotels and, therefore, the past performance of Fund I is not necessarily indicative of our future results, and we can provide no assurances that we will be able to replicate or improve upon Fund I's performance.
Risks Related to the Lodging Industry
Our ability to make distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected by various operating risks common to the lodging industry, including competition, over-building and dependence on business travel and tourism.
We plan to own hotels that have different economic characteristics than many other real estate assets. A typical office property, for example, has long-term leases with third-party tenants, which provides a relatively stable long-term stream of revenue. Hotels, on the other hand, generate revenue from guests that typically stay at the hotel for only a few nights, which causes the room rate and occupancy levels at each of our hotels to change every day, and results in earnings that can be highly volatile.
In addition, our hotels will be subject to various operating risks common to the lodging industry, many of which are beyond our control, including, among others, the following:
26
unusual weather patterns, including natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis or earthquakes;
The occurrence of any of the foregoing could materially and adversely affect us.
The seasonality of the lodging industry could have a material adverse effect on us.
The lodging industry is seasonal in nature, which can be expected to cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenues. Our quarterly earnings may be adversely affected by factors outside our control, including weather conditions and poor economic factors in certain markets in which we operate. For example, our initial hotels in the Chicago, Illinois metropolitan area experience lower revenues and profits during the winter months of December through March while our initial hotels in Florida generally have higher revenues in the months of January through April. This seasonality can be expected to cause periodic fluctuations in a hotel's room revenues, occupancy levels, room rates and operating expenses. We can provide no assurances that our cash flows will be sufficient to offset any shortfalls that occur as a result of these fluctuations. As a result, we may have to enter into short-term borrowings in certain quarters in order to make distributions to our shareholders, and we can provide no assurances that such borrowings will be available on favorable terms, if at all. Consequently, volatility in our financial performance resulting from the seasonality of the lodging industry could have a material adverse effect on us.
The cyclical nature of the lodging industry may cause fluctuations in our operating performance, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
The lodging industry historically has been highly cyclical in nature. Fluctuations in lodging demand and, therefore, operating performance, are caused largely by general economic and local market conditions, which subsequently affect levels of business and leisure travel. In addition to general economic conditions, new hotel room supply is an important factor that can affect the lodging industry's performance, and overbuilding has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of an economic recession. Room rates and occupancy, and thus RevPAR, tend to increase when demand growth exceeds supply growth. We can provide no assurances regarding whether, or the extent to which, lodging demand will rebound or whether any such rebound will be sustained. An adverse change in lodging fundamentals could result in returns that are substantially below our expectations or result in losses, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our acquisition, redevelopment, repositioning, renovation and re-branding activities are subject to various risks, any of which could, among other things, result in disruptions to our hotel operations, strain management resources and materially and adversely affect our business.
We intend to acquire, redevelop, reposition, renovate and re-brand hotels, subject to the availability of attractive hotels or projects and our ability to undertake such activities on satisfactory terms. In deciding whether to undertake such activities, we will make certain assumptions regarding the expected future performance of the hotel or project. However, newly acquired, redeveloped, renovated, repositioned or re-branded hotels may fail to perform as expected and the costs necessary to bring such hotels up to franchise standards may exceed our expectations, which may result in the hotels' failure to achieve projected returns.
27
In particular, to the extent that we engage in the activities described above, they could pose the following risks to our ongoing operations:
The occurrence of any of the foregoing events, among others, could materially and adversely affect our business.
Six of our initial hotels will be subject to ground leases; if we are found to be in breach of a ground lease or are unable to renew a ground lease, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Six of our initial hotels are on land subject to ground leases. Accordingly, we only own a long-term leasehold or similar interest in those six hotels. If we are found to be in breach of a ground lease, we could lose the right to use the hotel. In addition, unless we can purchase a fee interest in the underlying land and improvements or extend the terms of these leases before their expiration, as to which no assurance can be given, we will lose our right to operate these properties and our interest in the improvements upon expiration of the leases. Our ability to exercise any extension options relating to our ground leases is subject to the condition that we are not in default under the terms of the ground lease at the time that we exercise such options, and we can provide no assurances that we will be able to exercise any available options at such time. Furthermore, we can provide no assurances that we will be able to renew any ground lease upon its expiration. If we were to lose the right to use a hotel due to a breach or non-renewal of the ground lease, we would be unable to derive income from such hotel and would be required to purchase an interest in another hotel to attempt to replace that income, which could materially and adversely affect us.
We will not recognize any increase in the value of the land or improvements subject to our ground leases and may only receive a portion of compensation paid in any eminent domain proceeding with respect to the hotel.
Unless we purchase a fee interest in the land and improvements subject to our ground leases, we will not have any economic interest in the land or improvements at the expiration of our ground leases and therefore we will not share in any increase in value of the land or improvements beyond the term of a ground lease, notwithstanding our capital outlay to purchase our interest in the hotel or fund improvements thereon, and will lose our right to use the hotel. Furthermore, if the state or federal government seizes a hotel subject to a ground lease under its eminent domain power, we may only be entitled to a portion of any compensation awarded for the seizure.
28
The increasing use of Internet travel intermediaries by consumers may materially and adversely affect our profitability.
Although a majority of rooms sold on the Internet are sold through websites maintained by the hotel franchisors and managers, including Marriott and Hilton, some of our hotel rooms will be booked through Internet travel intermediaries. Typically, these Internet travel intermediaries purchase rooms at a negotiated discount from participating hotels, which could result in lower room rates than the franchisor or manager otherwise could have obtained. As these Internet bookings increase, these intermediaries may be able to obtain higher commissions, reduced room rates or other significant contract concessions from us and any hotel management companies that we engage. Moreover, some of these Internet travel intermediaries are attempting to offer hotel rooms as a commodity, by increasing the importance of price and general indicators of quality, such as "three-star downtown hotel," at the expense of brand identification or quality of product or service. If consumers develop brand loyalties to Internet reservations systems rather than to the brands under which our hotels are franchised, the value of our hotels could deteriorate and our business could be materially and adversely affected. Although most of the business for our hotels is expected to be derived from traditional channels, if the amount of sales made through Internet intermediaries increases significantly, room revenues may flatten or decrease and our profitability may be materially and adversely affected.
The need for business-related travel and, thus, demand for rooms in our hotels may be materially and adversely affected by the increased use of business-related technology.
The increased use of teleconference and video-conference technology by businesses could result in decreased business travel as companies increase the use of technologies that allow multiple parties from different locations to participate at meetings without traveling to a centralized meeting location, such as our hotels. To the extent that such technologies play an increased role in day-to-day business and the necessity for business-related travel decreases, demand for our hotel rooms may decrease and we could be materially and adversely affected.
Future terrorist attacks or changes in terror alert levels could materially and adversely affect us.
Previous terrorist attacks and subsequent terrorist alerts have adversely affected the U.S. travel and hospitality industries over the past several years, often disproportionately to the effect on the overall economy. The extent of the impact that actual or threatened terrorist attacks in the U.S. or elsewhere could have on domestic and international travel and our business in particular cannot be determined, but any such attacks or the threat of such attacks could have a material adverse effect on travel and hotel demand and our ability to insure our hotels, which could materially and adversely affect us.
The outbreak of influenza or other widespread contagious disease could reduce travel and adversely affect hotel demand, which would have a material adverse effect on us.
The widespread outbreak of an infectious or contagious disease in the U.S., such as the H1N1 virus, could reduce travel and adversely affect demand within the lodging industry. If demand at our hotels decreases significantly or for a prolonged period of time as a result of an outbreak of an infectious or contagious disease, our revenue would be adversely affected, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure
Our management has limited experience operating a public company, which may impede their ability to successfully manage our business.
Our management has limited experience operating a public company. Upon completion of this offering, we will be required to develop and implement control systems and procedures to assist us in
29
qualifying and maintaining our qualification as a public REIT, satisfying our periodic and current reporting requirements under applicable SEC regulations and complying with NYSE listing standards. As a result, substantial work on our part will be required to implement and execute appropriate reporting and compliance processes and assess their design, remediate any deficiencies identified and test the operation of such processes. We have limited experience implementing and executing such processes in a public company, and this process is expected to be both costly and challenging. We cannot assure you that our management's past experience will be sufficient to develop and implement these systems and procedures and to operate our company successfully. Failure to effectively develop and implement such systems, policies and procedures could hinder our ability to operate as a public company and adversely affect our results of operations, cash flows and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
The share ownership limits imposed by the Code for REITs and our declaration of trust may restrict share transfers and/or business combination opportunities, particularly if our management and board of trustees do not favor a combination proposal.
In order for us to maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year following our first year. Our declaration of trust, with certain exceptions, authorizes our board of trustees to take the actions that are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our board of trustees, no person or entity (other than a person or entity who has been granted an exception) may directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively, own more than 9.8% of the aggregate of our outstanding common shares, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, or 9.8% of the aggregate of the outstanding preferred shares of any class or series, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive.
Our board may, in its sole discretion, grant an exemption to the share ownership limits, subject to certain conditions and the receipt by our board of certain representations and undertakings. Our board of trustees currently expects to grant an exemption from our ownership limits to two investors who will receive common shares in our formation transactions. During the time that such waiver is effective, the excepted holders will be subject to an increased ownership limit. As a condition to granting such excepted holder limit, the excepted holders will be required to make representations and warranties to us, which are intended to ensure that we will continue to meet the REIT ownership requirements. The excepted holders must inform us if any of these representations becomes untrue or is violated, in which case such excepted holder will lose its exemption from the ownership limit.
In addition, our board of trustees may change the share ownership limits. Our declaration of trust also prohibits any person from (1) beneficially or constructively owning, as determined by applying certain attribution rules of the Code, our shares if that would result in us being "closely held" under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT, including, but not limited to, as a result of any "eligible independent contractor" that operates a "qualified lodging facility" (each as defined in the Code) on behalf of a TRS failing to qualify as such, or us having significant non-qualifying income from "related" parties, or (2) transferring shares if such transfer would result in our shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons. The share ownership limits contained in our declaration of trust key off the ownership at any time by any "person," which term includes entities, and take into account direct and indirect ownership as determined under various ownership attribution rules in the Code. The share ownership limits also might delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
30
Our authorized but unissued common shares and preferred shares may prevent a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
Our declaration of trust authorizes us to issue additional authorized but unissued common or preferred shares. In addition, our board of trustees may, without shareholder approval, amend our declaration of trust to increase the aggregate number of our common shares or the number of shares of any class or series of preferred shares that we have authority to issue and classify or reclassify any unissued common shares or preferred shares and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our board of trustees may establish a series of common shares or preferred shares that could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control.
Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, that are applicable to Maryland real estate investment trusts may have the effect of deterring a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change in our control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common shares with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common shares, including:
As permitted by Maryland law, we have elected, by resolution of our board of trustees, to opt out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL and, pursuant to a provision in our bylaws, to exempt any acquisition of our shares from the control share provisions of the MGCL. However, our board of trustees may by resolution elect to repeal the exemption from the business combination provisions of the MGCL and may by amendment to our bylaws opt into the control share provisions of the MGCL at any time in the future.
Certain provisions of the MGCL applicable to Maryland real estate investment trusts permit our board of trustees, without shareholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our declaration of trust or bylaws, to adopt certain mechanisms, some of which (for example, a classified board) we do not have. These provisions may have the effect of limiting or precluding a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in our control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common shares with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current market price. Our declaration of trust contains a provision whereby we will elect, at such time as we become eligible to do so, to be subject to the
31
provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL relating to the filling of vacancies on our board of trustees. See "Material Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws."
Conflicts of interest could arise between the interests of our shareholders and the interests of holders of OP units in our operating partnership, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our shareholders.
Conflicts of interest could arise as a result of the relationships between us, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any limited partner thereof, on the other. Our trustees and officers have duties to us and our shareholders under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we, as general partner of our operating partnership, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our operating partnership and its limited partners under Delaware law and the partnership agreement of our operating partnership in connection with the management of our operating partnership. Our duties as general partner to our operating partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our trustees and officers to our company and our shareholders. These conflicts may be resolved in a manner that is not in the best interests of our shareholders.
Our conflict of interest policy may not be successful in eliminating the influence of future conflicts of interest that may arise between us and our trustees, officers and employees.
Effective upon completion of this offering, we intend to adopt a policy that any transaction, agreement or relationship in which any of our trustees, officers or employees has a material direct or indirect pecuniary interest must be approved by a majority of our disinterested trustees. Other than this policy, however, we may not adopt additional formal procedures for the review and approval of conflict of interest transactions generally. As such, our policies and procedures may not be successful in eliminating the influence of conflicts of interest. See "Investment Policies and Policies with Respect to Certain ActivitiesConflict of Interest Policies."
We may pursue less vigorous enforcement of terms of the merger and other agreements entered into in connection with our formation transactions because of conflicts of interest with certain of our officers and related parties.
Pursuant to the merger and other agreements entered into in connection with our formation transactions, Fund II, Fund III, the general partners of each of Fund II and Fund III and RLJ Development made limited representations and warranties to us regarding potential material adverse impacts on the hotels and other assets to be acquired by us in our formation transactions and agreed to a $25.0 million holdback of the total consideration paid in the form of common shares or OP units to such parties in our formation transactions to indemnify us for breaches of such representations and warranties. In addition, we will enter into an employment agreement with each of our executive officers. Because of our desire to maintain ongoing relationships with our executive officers and other contributors, we may choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights under these agreements.
RLJ Acquisition, Inc., a special purpose acquisition company founded by Robert L. Johnson, our Executive Chairman, could acquire operating companies that may compete with us, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Robert L. Johnson, our Executive Chairman, founded and serves as chairman of the board of directors of RLJ Acquisition, Inc., a special purpose acquisition company that recently raised approximately $119 million of equity proceeds in a blank-check public offering to acquire one or more operating businesses. Although RLJ Acquisition, Inc. was not formed with the specific intent to acquire assets in the lodging industry, its organizational documents and investment guidelines do not preclude it from acquiring operating businesses that own and operate hotels, including premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. As a result, until RLJ Acquisition, Inc. has fully invested the
32
proceeds of its offering, it could acquire operating businesses that compete with us for investment opportunities. RLJ Acquisition, Inc. will be liquidated if it fails to consummate a business acquisition prior to November 22, 2013. Furthermore, if and to the extent that RLJ Acquisition, Inc. acquires one or more operating companies that compete with us, there could be conflicts of interest due to Mr. Johnson's roles with both RLJ Acquisition, Inc. and us, which could, among other things, result in us not being presented with certain investment opportunities and the diversion of Mr. Johnson's attention away from our business, either of which could have a material adverse effect on us.
The consideration paid by us in exchange for the contribution of our initial hotels to us in our formation transactions may exceed the fair market value of these assets.
The amount of consideration we will pay for our initial hotels was not negotiated on an arm's-length basis. Further, the value of the common shares that we will issue as consideration for the hotels that we will acquire in our formation transactions will increase or decrease if the market price of our common shares increases or decreases. The initial public offering price of our common shares will be determined in consultation with the underwriters. Among the factors that will be considered are our record of operations, our management, our historical and projected net income, EBITDA, FFO and cash available for distribution, our anticipated dividend yield, our growth prospects, the quality of our portfolio, current market valuations, financial performance and dividend yields of publicly-traded companies considered by us and the underwriters to be comparable to us and the current state of the lodging industry and the economy as a whole. The initial public offering price will not necessarily bear any relationship to the book value or fair market value of our initial hotels. As a result, the fair market value of the common shares we issue in our formation transactions may exceed the fair market value of our initial hotels.
Certain of our executive officers exercised significant influence with respect to the terms of our formation transactions.
We did not conduct arm's-length negotiations with certain of our executive officers with respect to the terms of our formation transactions, including the terms of the merger agreements, contribution agreement and the employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Therefore, the terms of these agreements may not be as favorable to us as if they were so negotiated. In structuring our formation transactions, certain of our executive officers exercised significant influence on the type and level of benefits that they and other members of our senior management team will receive from us, including the number of common shares and/or OP units that they will receive in connection with our formation transactions and the benefits our senior management team will receive from us for their services.
Certain provisions in the partnership agreement for our operating partnership may delay or prevent unsolicited acquisitions of us.
Provisions in the partnership agreement for our operating partnership may delay or make more difficult unsolicited acquisitions of us or changes in our control. These provisions could discourage third parties from making proposals involving an unsolicited acquisition of us or a change in our control, although some shareholders might consider such proposals, if made, desirable.
Our operating partnership may issue OP units to third parties without the consent of our shareholders, which would reduce our ownership percentage in our operating partnership and would have a dilutive effect on the amount of distributions made to us by our operating partnership and, therefore, the amount of distributions we can make to our shareholders.
After giving effect to this offering, we will own approximately % of the outstanding OP units in our operating partnership. We may, in connection with our acquisition of hotels or otherwise, issue
33
OP units to third parties in the future. Such issuances would reduce our ownership percentage in our operating partnership and affect the amount of distributions made to us by our operating partnership and, therefore, the amount of distributions we can make to our shareholders. Because you will not directly own OP units, you will not have any voting rights with respect to any such issuances or other partnership level activities of our operating partnership.
Termination of the employment agreements with our executive officers could be costly and prevent a change in our control.
The employment agreements that we intend to enter into with each of our executive officers are expected to provide that, if their employment with us terminates under certain circumstances (including upon a change in our control), we may be required to pay them significant amounts of severance compensation, including accelerated vesting of equity awards, thereby making it costly to terminate their employment. Furthermore, these provisions could delay or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium paid for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
Our declaration of trust contains provisions that make removal of our trustees difficult, which could make it difficult for our shareholders to effect changes to our management.
Our declaration of trust provides that, subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred shares to elect or remove one or more trustees, a trustee may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of holders of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of trustees and that our board of trustees has the exclusive power to fill vacant trusteeships, even if the remaining trustees do not constitute a quorum. These provisions make it more difficult to change our management by removing and replacing trustees and may delay or prevent a change in our control that is in the best interests of our shareholders.
Our board of trustees is expected to approve very broad investment guidelines for us and will not review or approve each investment decision made by our senior management team.
Our senior management team will be authorized by our board of trustees to follow broad investment guidelines and, therefore, has great latitude in determining the assets that are proper investments for us, as well as the individual investment decisions. Our senior management team may make investments with lower rates of return than those anticipated under current market conditions and/or may make investments with greater risks to achieve those anticipated returns. Our board of trustees will not review or approve each proposed investment by our senior management team.
We may change our operational policies, investment guidelines and our investment and growth strategies without shareholder consent, which may subject us to different and more significant risks in the future, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Our board of trustees will determine our operational policies, investment guidelines and our investment and growth strategies. Our board of trustees may make changes to, or approve transactions that deviate from, those policies, guidelines and strategies without a vote of, or notice to, our shareholders. This could result in us conducting operational matters, making investments or pursuing different investment or growth strategies than those contemplated in this prospectus. Under any of these circumstances, we may expose ourselves to different and more significant risks in the future, which could materially and adversely affect us.
34
Our rights and the rights of our shareholders to take action against our trustees and officers are limited, which could limit our shareholders' recourse in the event of actions not in our shareholders' best interests.
Under Maryland law generally, a trustee is required to perform his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interest and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Under Maryland law, trustees are presumed to have acted with this standard of care. In addition, our declaration of trust limits the liability of our trustees and officers to us and our shareholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:
Our declaration of trust and bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to any present or former trustee or officer who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service to us in that capacity. In addition, we may be obligated to advance the defense costs incurred by our trustees and officers. As a result, we and our shareholders may have more limited rights against our trustees and officers than might otherwise exist absent the current provisions in our declaration of trust and bylaws or that might exist with other companies.
If we fail to establish and maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results.
In connection with operating as a public company, we will be required to provide reliable financial statements and reports to our shareholders. To monitor the accuracy and reliability of our financial reporting, we will establish an internal audit function that will oversee our internal controls. Our predecessor has documented and developed an initial accounting policy framework and accounting procedures manual for our use, but we can provide no assurances that such procedures will be adequate to provide reasonable assurance to our shareholders regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements. In addition, we are developing and documenting current policies and procedures with respect to company-wide business processes and cycles in order to implement effective internal control over financial reporting. We will establish, or cause our third-party hotel management companies to establish, controls and procedures designed to ensure that hotel revenues and expenses are properly recorded at our hotels. While we intend to undertake substantial work to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in implementing or maintaining effective internal control over our financial reporting and may determine in the future that our existing internal controls need improvement. If we fail to implement and comply with proper overall controls, we could be materially harmed or we could fail to meet our reporting obligations. In addition, the existence of a material weakness or significant deficiency could result in errors in our financial statements that could require a restatement, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, result in increased costs to remediate any deficiencies, attract regulatory scrutiny or lawsuits and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information, leading to a substantial decline in the market price of our common shares.
35
Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry
The illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to changing economic, financial, and investment conditions or changes in the operating performance of our properties, which could adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations.
Real estate investments, including the focused-service and compact full-service hotels in our portfolio, are relatively illiquid. As a result, we may not be able to sell a hotel or hotels quickly or on favorable terms in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions or changes in the hotel's operating performance when it otherwise may be prudent to do so. Current conditions in the U.S. economy and stock and credit markets have made it difficult to sell hotels at attractive prices. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any hotel we desire to sell for the price or on the terms set by us or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a hotel. We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a hotel can be sold, and we cannot provide any assurances that we will have funds available to correct such defects or to make such improvements. Our inability to dispose of assets at opportune times or on favorable terms could adversely affect our cash flows and results of operations.
Moreover, the Code imposes restrictions on a REIT's ability to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. In particular, the tax laws applicable to REITs require that we hold our hotels for investment, rather than primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business, which may cause us to forego or defer sales of hotels that otherwise would be in our best interests. Therefore, we may not be able to vary our portfolio promptly in response to economic or other conditions or on favorable terms, which may adversely affect our cash flows, our ability to make distributions to shareholders and the market price of our common shares.
In addition, our ability to dispose of some of our hotels could be constrained by their tax attributes. Hotels which we own for a significant period of time or which we acquire through tax deferred contribution transactions in exchange for OP units in our operating partnership may have low tax bases. If we dispose of these hotels outright in taxable transactions, we may be required to distribute the taxable gain to our shareholders under the requirements of the Code applicable to REITs or to pay tax on that gain, either of which, in turn, would impact our cash flow and increase our leverage. In some cases, we may be restricted from disposing of properties contributed to us in the future in exchange for our OP units under tax protection agreements with contributors unless we incur additional costs related to indemnifying those contributors. To dispose of low basis or tax-protected hotels efficiently, we may from time to time use like-kind exchanges, which qualify for non-recognition of taxable gain, but can be difficult to consummate and result in the hotel for which the disposed assets are exchanged inheriting their low tax bases and other tax attributes.
Many real estate costs are fixed, even if revenue from our hotels decreases.
Many costs, such as real estate taxes, insurance premiums and maintenance costs, generally are not reduced even when a hotel is not fully occupied, room rates decrease or other circumstances cause a reduction in revenues. In addition, newly acquired hotels may not produce the revenues we anticipate immediately, or at all, and the hotel's operating cash flow may be insufficient to pay the operating expenses and debt service associated with these new hotels. If we are unable to offset real estate costs with sufficient revenues across our portfolio, our financial performance and liquidity could be materially and adversely affected.
36
Uninsured and underinsured losses at our hotels could materially and adversely affect us.
We intend to maintain comprehensive insurance on each of our initial hotels and any hotels that we acquire, including liability, fire and extended coverage, of the type and amount we believe are customarily obtained for or by hotel owners. There are no assurances that coverage will be available at reasonable rates. Various types of catastrophic losses, like windstorms, earthquakes and floods, losses from foreign terrorist activities such as those on September 11, 2001, or losses from domestic terrorist activities such as the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995, may not be insurable or may not be economically insurable. Even when insurable, these policies may have high deductibles and/or high premiums. Lenders may require such insurance and our failure to obtain such insurance could constitute a default under loan agreements, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
In the event of a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover the full current market value or replacement cost of our lost investment. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a hotel, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the hotel. In that event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the hotel. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might also keep us from using insurance proceeds to replace or renovate a hotel after it has been damaged or destroyed. Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive might be inadequate to restore our economic position on the damaged or destroyed hotel, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
In addition, insurance risks associated with potential terrorism acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. With the enactment of the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2007, United States insurers cannot exclude conventional chemical, biological, nuclear and radiation terrorism losses. These insurers must make terrorism insurance available under their property and casualty insurance policies; however, this legislation does not regulate the pricing of such insurance. In many cases, mortgage lenders have begun to insist that commercial property owners purchase coverage against terrorism as a condition of providing mortgage loans. Such insurance policies may not be available at a reasonable cost, which could inhibit our ability to finance or refinance our hotels. In such instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We may not have adequate coverage for such losses, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
We may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities related to recently acquired hotels and the hotels that we may acquire in the future, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our recently acquired hotels, and the hotels that we may acquire in the future, may be subject to unknown or contingent liabilities for which we may have no recourse, or only limited recourse, against the sellers. In general, the representations and warranties provided under the transaction agreements related to purchase of the hotels we acquire may not survive the completion of the transactions. Furthermore, indemnification under such agreements may be limited and subject to various materiality thresholds, a significant deductible or an aggregate cap on losses. As a result, there is no guarantee that we will recover any amounts with respect to losses due to breaches by the sellers of their representations and warranties. In addition, the total amount of costs and expenses that may be incurred with respect to liabilities associated with these hotels may exceed our expectations, and we may experience other unanticipated adverse effects, all of which may materially and adversely affect us.
37
Compliance or failure to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act and other safety regulations and requirements could result in substantial costs.
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Accessibility Guidelines promulgated thereunder, which we refer to collectively as the ADA, all public accommodations must meet various federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Compliance with the ADA's requirements could require removal of access barriers, and non-compliance could result in the U.S. government imposing fines or in private litigants winning damages. In July 2010, the Department of Justice proposed a substantial number of changes to the ADA, which were published in September 2010. The new guidelines could cause some of our hotels to incur costly measures to become fully compliant. If we are required to make substantial modifications to the hotels that we acquire, whether to comply with the ADA or other changes in governmental rules and regulations, we could be materially and adversely affected.
Our hotels also are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these requirements, we could incur fines or private damage awards. We do not know whether existing requirements will change or whether compliance with future requirements would require significant unanticipated expenditures that would affect our cash flow and results of operations. If we incur substantial costs to comply with the ADA or other safety regulations and requirements, our financial condition, results of operations, the market price of our common shares, cash flows and our ability to satisfy our debt obligations and to make distributions to our shareholders could be adversely affected.
We could incur significant, material costs related to government regulation and litigation with respect to environmental matters, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Our hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local environmental laws that impose liability for contamination. Under these laws, governmental entities have the authority to require us, as the current owner of a hotel, to perform or pay for the clean up of contamination (including hazardous substances, asbestos and asbestos-containing materials, waste or petroleum products) at, on, under or emanating from the hotel and to pay for natural resource damages arising from such contamination. Such laws often impose liability without regard to whether the owner or operator or other responsible party knew of, or caused such contamination, and the liability may be joint and several. Because these laws also impose liability on persons who owned a property at the time it became contaminated, it is possible we could incur cleanup costs or other environmental liabilities even after we sell hotels. Contamination at, on, under or emanating from our hotels also may expose us to liability to private parties for costs of remediation and/or personal injury or property damage. In addition, environmental laws may create liens on contaminated sites in favor of the government for damages and costs it incurs to address such contamination. If contamination is discovered on our properties, environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which the properties may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures. Moreover, environmental contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owner's ability to borrow funds using the property as collateral or to sell the property on favorable terms or at all. Furthermore, persons who sent waste to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, may be liable for costs associated with cleanup of that facility.
In addition, our hotels are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that address a wide variety of issues, including, but not limited to, storage tanks, air emissions from emergency generators, storm water and wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, mold and mildew, and waste management. Some of our hotels routinely handle and use hazardous or regulated substances and wastes as part of their operations, which substances and wastes are subject to regulation (e.g., swimming pool chemicals). Our hotels incur costs to comply with these
38
environmental, health and safety laws and regulations and could be subject to fines and penalties for non-compliance with applicable requirements.
Certain of our initial hotels contain, and those that we acquire in the future may contain, or may have contained, asbestos-containing material, or ACM. Federal, state and local environmental, health and safety laws require that ACM be properly managed and maintained, and include requirements to undertake special precautions, such as removal or abatement, if ACM would be disturbed during maintenance, renovation or demolition of a building. Such laws regarding ACM may impose fines and penalties on building owners, employers and operators for failure to comply with these requirements. In addition, third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos-containing building materials.
When excessive moisture accumulates in buildings or on building materials, mold growth may occur, particularly if the moisture problem remains undiscovered or is not addressed over a period of time. Some molds may produce airborne toxins or irritants. Indoor air quality issues can also stem from inadequate ventilation, chemical contamination from indoor or outdoor sources, and other biological contaminants such as pollen, viruses and bacteria. Indoor exposure to airborne toxins or irritants above certain levels can be alleged to cause a variety of adverse health effects and symptoms, including allergic or other reactions. As a result, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our hotels could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected property or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability to third parties if property damage or personal injury occurs.
Liabilities and costs associated with environmental contamination at, on, under or emanating from our properties, defending against claims related to alleged or actual environmental issues, or complying with environmental, health and safety laws could be material and could materially and adversely affect us. We can make no assurances that changes in current laws or regulations or future laws or regulations will not impose additional or new material environmental liabilities or that the current environmental condition of our hotels will not be affected by our operations, the condition of the properties in the vicinity of our hotels, or by third parties unrelated to us. The discovery of material environmental liabilities at our properties could subject us to unanticipated significant costs, which could significantly reduce or eliminate our profitability and the cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
We face possible risks associated with the physical effects of climate change.
We cannot predict with certainty whether climate change is occurring and, if so, at what rate. However, the physical effects of climate change could have a material adverse effect on us. For example, many of our properties are located along the Gulf and East coasts. To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns, our markets could experience increases in storm intensity and rising sea-levels. Over time, these conditions could result in declining hotel demand or our inability to operate the affected hotels at all. Climate change also may have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) property insurance on terms we find acceptable, increasing the cost of energy and increasing the cost of snow removal at our properties. There can be no assurance that climate change will not have a material adverse effect on us.
Legislative or regulatory tax changes related to REITs could materially and adversely affect us.
There are a number of issues associated with an investment in a REIT that are related to the federal income tax laws, including, but not limited to, the consequences of a company's failing to qualify or to continue to qualify as a REIT and the tax rates applicable to REITs and their shareholders. At any time, the federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative
39
interpretations of those laws may be amended or modified. Any new laws or interpretations may take effect retroactively and could materially and adversely affect us.
We may incur significant costs complying with various regulatory requirements, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Our properties are subject to various federal, state and local regulatory requirements, such as state and local fire and life safety requirements. If we fail to comply with these various requirements, we could incur governmental fines or private damage awards. In addition, existing requirements could change and future requirements might require us to make significant unanticipated expenditures, which could materially and adversely affect us.
Risks Related to Our Status as a REIT
Qualifying as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code.
Our qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Code provisions for which only limited judicial and administrative authorities exist. Even a technical or inadvertent violation could jeopardize our REIT qualification. Moreover, new legislation, court decisions or administrative guidance, in each case possibly with retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT. Our qualification as a REIT will depend on our satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis. Our ability to satisfy the REIT income and asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals, and upon our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. In addition, our ability to satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT depends in part on the actions of third parties over which we have no control or only limited influence, including in cases where we own an equity interest in an entity that is classified as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
If we do not qualify as a REIT or if we fail to remain qualified as a REIT, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax and potentially state and local taxes, which would reduce our earnings and the amount of cash available for distribution to our shareholders.
We have been organized and we intend to operate in a manner that will enable us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with the taxable year commencing at the time of this offering and ending December 31, 2011. Although we do not intend to request a ruling from the IRS as to our REIT qualification, we expect to receive, as a condition to the completion of this offering and our formation transactions, an opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP with respect to our qualification as a REIT. Investors should be aware, however, that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS or any court. The opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP represents only the view of our counsel based on our counsel's review and analysis of existing law and on certain representations as to factual matters and covenants made by us, including representations relating to the values of our assets and the sources of our income. The opinion is expressed as of the date issued. Hogan Lovells US LLP will have no obligation to advise us or our common shareholders of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in applicable law. Furthermore, both the validity of the opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP and our qualification as a REIT depend on our satisfaction of the requirements described above under "Qualifying as a REIT involves highly technical and complex provisions of the Code," the results of which will not be monitored by Hogan Lovells US LLP.
40
If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and any available relief provisions do not apply, we would be subject to U.S. federal and state corporate income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and dividends paid to our shareholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. Unless we were entitled to statutory relief under certain Code provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.
Any determination that we do not qualify as a REIT would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and could materially reduce the value of our common shares. Our additional tax liability could be substantial and would reduce our net earnings available for investment, debt service or distributions to shareholders. Furthermore, we would no longer be required to make any distributions to shareholders as a condition to REIT qualification and all of our distributions to shareholders would be taxable as ordinary C corporation dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. This means that our shareholders currently taxed as individuals would be taxed on those dividends at capital gain rates (through 2012, in the absence of legislative action) and our corporate shareholders generally would be entitled to the dividends received deduction with respect to such dividends, subject in each case, to applicable limitations under the Code. Our failure to qualify as a REIT also could cause an event of default under loan documents governing our debt.
REIT distribution requirements could adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan or cause us to finance our needs during unfavorable market conditions.
We generally must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain, in order for U.S. federal corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that we distribute. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws. We intend to make distributions to our shareholders to comply with the REIT requirements of the Code.
From time to time, we may generate taxable income greater than our income for financial reporting purposes prepared in accordance with GAAP. In addition, differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash may occur. As a result, we may find it difficult or impossible to meet distribution requirements in certain circumstances. In particular, where we experience differences in timing between the recognition of taxable income and the actual receipt of cash, the requirement to distribute a substantial portion of our taxable income could cause us to: (1) sell assets in adverse market conditions; (2) incur debt or issue additional equity on unfavorable terms; (3) distribute amounts that would otherwise be invested in future acquisitions, capital expenditures or repayment of debt; or (4) make a taxable distribution of our common shares as part of a distribution in which shareholders may elect to receive our common shares or (subject to a limit measured as a percentage of the total distribution) cash, in order to comply with REIT requirements. These alternatives could increase our costs or dilute our equity. In addition, because the REIT distribution requirement prevents us from retaining earnings, we generally will be required to refinance debt at its maturity with additional debt or equity. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to grow, which could adversely affect the market price of our common shares.
We may in the future choose to pay dividends in the form of our own common shares, in which case shareholders may be required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends they receive.
We may seek in the future to distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and our common shares, at the election of each shareholder. Taxable shareholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current
41
and accumulated earnings and profits for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, shareholders may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. shareholder sells the common shares that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common shares at the time of the sale. In addition, in such case, a U.S. shareholder could have a capital loss with respect to the common shares sold that could not be used to offset such dividend income. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. shareholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common shares. In addition, such a taxable share dividend could be viewed as equivalent to a reduction in our cash distributions, and that factor, as well as the possibility that a significant number of our shareholders determine to sell our common shares in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, may put downward pressure on the market price of our common shares.
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
The maximum tax rate applicable to income from "qualified dividends" payable to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates has been reduced by legislation to 15% (through 2012, after which time, in the absence of legislative action, they will be taxed at ordinary income rates). Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates and will continue to be subject to tax at rates applicable to ordinary income, which will be as high as 35% through 2012 (and in the absence of legislative action, as high as 39.6% starting in 2013). Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the shares of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common shares.
Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flow.
Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes, including payroll taxes, taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure, a 100% excise tax on any transactions with a TRS that are not conducted on an arm's-length basis, and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. In addition, we could, in certain circumstances, be required to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain our qualification as a REIT. In addition, our TRSs will be subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income tax on their net taxable income, if any. To the extent that we conduct operations outside of the United States, our operations would subject us to applicable foreign taxes, as well. Any of these taxes would decrease cash available for the payment of our debt obligations and distributions to shareholders.
If our leases are not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income tests, pursuant to which specified percentages of our gross income must be passive income, such as rent. For the rent paid pursuant to the hotel leases with our TRSs, which we currently expect will constitute substantially all of our gross income, to qualify for purposes of the gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and must not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. We believe that the leases will be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS will agree with this
42
characterization. If the leases were not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would not be able to satisfy either of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs and would likely lose our REIT status.
Rents paid to us by each of our TRSs may not be based on the net income or profits of any person, or they would not be treated as "rents from real property," in which case we would likely fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT. We receive "percentage rents" calculated based on the gross revenues of the hotels subject to leases with our TRSs, but not on net income or profits. In addition, if such rents are excessive, their deductibility may be challenged at the TRS level, and we could be subject to a 100% excise tax on "redetermined rent" or "redetermined deductions" to the extent rents exceed an arm's-length amount.
It has been reported that the IRS is conducting at least one audit of another lodging REIT, focusing on intercompany hotel leases between the REIT and its TRSs which purportedly reflect market terms. It has also been reported that the IRS has proposed transfer pricing adjustments in connection with this audit. We believe our leases have customary terms and rents and reflect normal business practices in this regard and do not provide for rent based on net income or profits, but there can be no assurance the IRS will agree.
If our TRSs fail to qualify as "taxable REIT subsidiaries" under the Code, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.
Rent paid by a lessee that is a "related party tenant" will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. We expect to lease substantially all of our hotels to our TRSs, which will not be treated as "related party tenants" so long as they qualify as "taxable REIT subsidiaries" under the Code. To qualify as such, most significantly, a taxable REIT subsidiary cannot engage in the operation or management of hotels or health care properties. We believe that our TRSs will qualify to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiaries for federal income tax purposes. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS will not challenge the status of a TRS for federal income tax purposes or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in disqualifying any of our TRSs from treatment as a taxable REIT subsidiary, it is likely that we would fail to meet the asset tests applicable to REITs and substantially all of our income would fail to qualify for the gross income tests. If we failed to meet either the asset tests or the gross income tests, we would likely lose our REIT status.
If any hotel management companies that we engage do not qualify as "eligible independent contractors," or if our hotels are not "qualified lodging facilities," we will fail to qualify as a REIT.
Rent paid by a lessee that is a "related party tenant" of ours generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. An exception is provided, however, for leases of "qualified lodging facilities" to a TRS so long as the hotels are managed by an "eligible independent contractor" and certain other requirements are satisfied. We intend to take advantage of this exception. We expect to lease all or substantially all of our hotels to TRS lessees, which are disregarded subsidiaries of the TRSs, and to engage hotel management companies that are intended to qualify as "eligible independent contractors." Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an eligible independent contractor, the hotel management company must not own, directly or through its shareholders, more than 35% of our outstanding shares, and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of our outstanding shares and the shares (or ownership interest) of the hotel management company, taking into account certain ownership attribution rules and, with respect to our shares and the outstanding shares of any publicly traded hotel management company, only the shares owned by persons who own, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of a publicly traded class of shares. The ownership attribution rules that apply for purposes of these 35% thresholds are complex, and monitoring actual and constructive ownership of our shares by the hotel management companies and their owners may not be practical. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that these ownership levels will not be exceeded.
43
In addition, in order for a hotel management company to qualify as an eligible independent contractor, such company or a related person must be actively engaged in the trade or business of operating "qualified lodging facilities" (as defined below) for one or more persons not related to the REIT or its TRSs at each time that such company enters into a hotel management contract with a TRS or its TRS lessee. As of the date hereof, we believe the hotel management companies operate qualified lodging facilities for certain persons who are not related to us or our TRS. However, no assurances can be provided that this will continue to be the case or that any other hotel management companies that we may engage in the future will in fact comply with this requirement in the future. Failure to comply with this requirement would require us to find other managers for future contracts, and, if we hired a management company without knowledge of the failure, it could jeopardize our status as a REIT.
Finally, each hotel with respect to which our TRS lessees pay rent must be a "qualified lodging facility." A "qualified lodging facility" is a hotel, motel, or other establishment more than one-half of the dwelling units in which are used on a transient basis, including customary amenities and facilities, provided that no wagering activities are conducted at or in connection with such facility by any person who is engaged in the business of accepting wagers and who is legally authorized to engage in such business at or in connection with such facility. As of the date hereof, we believe that all of the hotels leased to our TRS lessees will be qualified lodging facilities. Although we intend to monitor future acquisitions and improvements of hotels, the REIT provisions of the Code provide only limited guidance for making determinations under the requirements for qualified lodging facilities, and there can be no assurance that these requirements will be satisfied in all cases.
Complying with REIT requirements may force us to forgo and/or liquidate otherwise attractive investment opportunities.
To qualify as a REIT, we must ensure that we meet the REIT gross income tests annually and that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of our total assets can be represented by securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate from our portfolio, or contribute to a taxable REIT subsidiary, otherwise attractive investments in order to maintain our qualification as a REIT. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our shareholders. In addition, we may be required to make distributions to shareholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution, and may be unable to pursue investments that would otherwise be advantageous to us in order to satisfy the source of income or asset diversification requirements for qualifying as a REIT. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make, and, in certain cases, maintain ownership of, certain attractive investments.
If the IRS were to challenge successfully our operating partnership's status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and suffer other adverse consequences.
Our operating partnership will be treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes, rather than as an entity that is disregarded as separate from us. We believe, and will take steps to structure any such ownership of OP units so that, our operating partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, rather than as a corporation. As a partnership, it will not
44
be subject to federal income tax on its income. Instead, each of its partners, including our company, will be required to pay tax on such partner's allocable share of its income. No assurance can be provided, however, that the IRS will not challenge our operating partnership's status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in treating our operating partnership as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, our company would fail to meet the gross income tests and certain of the asset tests applicable to REITs and, accordingly, would cease to qualify as a REIT.
As a result of our formation transactions, our TRSs may be limited in using certain tax benefits.
If a corporation undergoes an "ownership change" within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations thereunder, such corporation's ability to use net operating losses, or NOLs, generated prior to the time of that ownership change may be limited. To the extent the affected corporation's ability to use NOLs is limited, such corporation's taxable income may increase. As of December 31, 2010, we had approximately $28.5 million of NOLs (all of which are attributable to our TRSs) which will begin to expire in 2026 if not utilized. In general, an ownership change occurs if one or more large stockholders, known as "5% stockholders," including groups of stockholders that may be aggregated and treated as a single 5% stockholder, increase their aggregate percentage interest in a corporation by more than 50% over their lowest ownership percentage during the preceding three-year period. We believe that the formation transactions will cause an ownership change within the meaning of Section 382 of the Code with respect to the TRSs of the REITs of Funds II and III. Accordingly, to the extent such TRSs have taxable income in future years, their ability to use NOLs incurred prior to our formation transactions in future years will be limited, and they may have greater taxable income as a result of such limitation.
Risks Related to this Offering
Our cash available for distribution to shareholders may not be sufficient to pay distributions at expected or required levels, and we may need to borrow funds or rely on other external sources in order to make such distributions, or we may not be able to make such distributions at all, which could cause the market price of our common shares to decline significantly.
We intend to pay regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common shares. We will establish our initial distribution rate based upon our estimate of the annualized cash flow that will be available for distributions after this offering. All distributions will be made at the discretion of our board of trustees and will depend on our historical and projected results of operations, EBITDA, FFO, liquidity and financial condition, REIT qualification, debt service requirements, capital expenditures and operating expenses, prohibitions and other restrictions under financing arrangements and applicable law and other factors as our board of trustees may deem relevant from time to time. No assurance can be given that our projections will prove accurate or that any level of distributions or particular yield will be made or sustained. We may not be able to make distributions in the future or may need to fund such distributions through borrowings or other external financing sources, which may be available only at commercially unattractive terms, if at all. Any of the foregoing could cause the market price of our common shares to decline significantly.
Future issuances of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common shares upon our liquidation, and future issuances of equity securities (including OP units), which would dilute the holdings of our existing common shareholders and may be senior to our common shares for the purposes of making distributions, periodically or upon liquidation, may negatively affect the market price of our common shares.
In the future, we may issue debt or equity securities or incur other borrowings. Upon our liquidation, holders of our debt securities and other loans and preferred shares will receive a distribution of our available assets before common shareholders. If we incur debt in the future, our
45
future interest costs could increase, and adversely affect our liquidity, FFO and results of operations. We are not required to offer any additional equity securities to existing common shareholders on a preemptive basis. Therefore, additional common share issuances, directly or through convertible or exchangeable securities (including OP units), warrants or options, will dilute the holdings of our existing common shareholders and such issuances or the perception of such issuances may reduce the market price of our common shares. Our preferred shares, if issued, would likely have a preference on distribution payments, periodically or upon liquidation, which could eliminate or otherwise limit our ability to make distributions to common shareholders. Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities or incur other borrowings in the future will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing, nature or success of our future capital raising efforts. Thus, common shareholders bear the risk that our future issuances of debt or equity securities or our incurrence of other borrowings will negatively affect the market price of our common shares.
Because we will issue a significant number of common shares and OP units in connection with our formation transactions, the recipients could attempt to sell a significant number of common shares in the future upon the expiration of any applicable lock-up agreements, which could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common shares.
We cannot predict the effect, if any, of our future issuances of our common shares or OP units, or future resales of our common shares or OP units, or the perception of such issuances or resales, on the market price of our common shares. Any such future issuances or resales, or the perception that such issuances or resales might occur, could negatively affect the market price of our common shares and may also make it more difficult for us to sell equity or equity-related securities in the future at a time and upon terms that we deem appropriate.
Subject to applicable law, our board of trustees has the authority, without further shareholder approval, to issue additional common shares and preferred shares on the terms and for the consideration it deems appropriate.
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will have common shares outstanding on a fully-diluted basis, including an aggregate of common shares and OP units issued in our formation transactions (including common shares and OP units issued to continuing investors that will not have a role in the management of our Company) and an aggregate of restricted common shares granted to our trustees, executive officers and other employees under the RLJ Lodging Trust 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, or our equity incentive plan, or common shares outstanding on a fully-diluted basis if the underwriters' overallotment option is exercised in full. We, our executive officers, trustees and trustee nominees and of the existing investors in Fund II and Fund III have agreed not to sell or transfer any common shares or securities convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for (including OP units) or repayable with, common shares, subject to certain exceptions, without first obtaining the written consent of the representatives, for days after the date of this prospectus. If the restrictions under the lock-up arrangements expire or are waived, the related common shares will be available for resale and such resales, or the perception of such resales, could negatively affect the market price for our common shares. You should not rely upon the lock-up agreements entered into in connection with this offering to limit the number of common shares sold into the market.
In addition, we expect to grant parties who enter into lock-up arrangements in connection with our formation transactions registration rights with respect to an aggregate of common shares and OP units to be received by such parties in connection with our formation transactions. In addition to the restricted common shares granted to our trustees, executive officers and other employees under our equity incentive plan in connection with this offering, in the future we may issue common shares and securities convertible into, or exchangeable or exercisable for, our common shares under our equity
46
incentive plan. We intend to file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-8 covering the common shares issuable under our equity incentive plan. Common shares covered by such registration statement will be eligible for transfer or resale without restriction under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, unless held by affiliates. We also may issue from time to time additional common shares or OP units in connection with hotel acquisitions and may grant additional registration rights in connection with such issuances, pursuant to which we would agree to register the resale of such securities under the Securities Act. The market price of our common shares may decline significantly upon the registration of additional common shares pursuant to registration rights granted in connection with our formation transactions or future issuances of equity in connection with hotel acquisitions.
There is currently no public market for our common shares and an active trading market for our common shares may not develop and be sustained following this offering.
There has not been any public market for our common shares prior to this offering. Although we intend to list our common shares on the NYSE, we cannot assure you that an active trading market for our common shares will develop after this offering or, if one develops, that it will be sustained. In the absence of an active trading market, you may be unable to resell your common shares at the time and for the price you desire. In addition, the initial public offering price of our common shares will be determined by agreement among us and the underwriters, and we can provide no assurances that our common shares will not subsequently trade below the initial public offering price.
The trading volume and market price of our common shares may be volatile and could decline substantially following this offering.
Even if an active trading market develops and is sustained for our common shares, the market price of our common shares may be volatile. In addition, the trading volume in our common shares may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. If the market price of our common shares declines significantly, you may be unable to resell your shares at or above the initial public offering price. We cannot assure you that the market price of our common shares will not fluctuate or decline significantly in the future, including as a result of factors unrelated to our operating performance or prospects. In particular, the market price of our common shares could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to a number of factors, including, among others, the following:
47
In the past, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies following periods of volatility in the market price of their common shares. If the market price of our common shares is volatile and this type of litigation is brought against us, it could result in substantial costs and divert our management's attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on us.
Increases in market interest rates may reduce demand for our common shares and result in a decline in the market price of our common shares.
The market price of our common shares may be influenced by the distribution yield on our common shares (i.e., the amount of our annual distributions as a percentage of the market price of our common shares) relative to market interest rates. An increase in market interest rates, which are currently low compared to historical levels, may lead prospective purchasers of our common shares to expect a higher distribution yield, which we may not be able, or may choose not, to provide. Higher interest rates would also likely increase our borrowing costs and decrease our operating results and cash available for distribution. Thus, higher market interest rates could cause the market price of our common shares to decline.
You will experience immediate and substantial dilution from the purchase of common shares sold in this offering.
The initial public offering price of our common shares is substantially higher than what our net tangible book value per share will be immediately after this offering. Accordingly, purchasers of our common shares in this offering will incur immediate dilution of approximately $ in net tangible book value per share, based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
In addition to the underwriting discount to be received by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Barclays Capital Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, they may receive other benefits from this offering.
In addition to the underwriting discount to be received by Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Barclays Capital Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, we expect that affiliates of Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Barclays Capital Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC will be lenders under our revolving credit facility that we expect to enter into upon completion of this offering. This transaction creates a potential conflict of interest because Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Barclays Capital Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC have an interest in the successful completion of this offering beyond the underwriting discount they will receive.
An affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, an underwriter in this offering, is a lender under seven outstanding loans, two of which will be repaid with a portion of the net proceeds of this offering. As such, this affiliate will receive a portion of the net proceeds of this offering that are used to repay such indebtedness. Further, an affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC is a minority investor in each of Fund II and Fund III, and it will receive an aggregate of common shares in connection with our formation transactions. See "Underwriting (Conflicts of Interest)Conflicts of Interest."
The underwriters, including Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Barclays Capital Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, and/or their affiliates may engage in commercial and investment banking transactions with us and/or our affiliates in the ordinary course of their business. They expect to receive customary compensation and expense reimbursement for these commercial and investment banking transactions.
48
We make forward-looking statements in this prospectus that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, cash flows, EBITDA, FFO, results of operations, and plans and objectives. When we use the words "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "estimate," "plan," "continue," "intend," "should," "may" or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, may be forward-looking:
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future events, taking into account all information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements are not predictions of future events. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. Some of these events and factors are described in this prospectus under the headings "Risk Factors," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and "Our Business and Properties." If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, cash flows and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in or implied by our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict the occurrence of those matters or the manner in which they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
49
We estimate that the net proceeds to us from our sale of common shares in this offering will be approximately $ million, or $ million if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full, after deducting the underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses payable by us of approximately $ million, based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We will contribute the net proceeds of this offering to our operating partnership in exchange for OP units.
We intend to use substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering to repay approximately $ million of secured indebtedness and to pay approximately $ million in associated prepayment penalties (as described below). Any remaining net proceeds will be used for general business and working capital purposes.
If the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full, we expect to use the additional net proceeds to us, which will be approximately $ million in the aggregate, for general business and working capital purposes, including potential future acquisitions.
Pending the permanent use of the net proceeds of this offering, we intend to invest the net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term investment-grade securities, money-market accounts or other investments that are consistent with our intention to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT.
The following table sets forth information, as of December 31, 2010, with respect to the indebtedness that we intend to repay, in whole or in part, with the net proceeds of this offering:
Property
|
Amount to be Repaid(1) (in thousands) |
Interest Rate |
Effective Annual Interest Rate(2) |
Maturity Date |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hyatt Summerfield Suites PortfolioSenior (6 hotels) |
$ | 7,575 | (3) | L+1.24% | 4.57 | % | April 2011 | (4) | ||||
Hyatt Summerfield Suites PortfolioMezzanine (6 hotels) |
5,839 | (3) | L+2.75% | 6.08 | % | April 2011 | (4) | |||||
Louisville Marriott Downtown |
72,244 | L+1.75% | 2.01 | % | June 2011 | |||||||
Multi-property loan (10 hotels) |
92,000 | L+1.60% | 1.86 | % | July 2011 | |||||||
Embassy Suites Los Angeles-Downey (5) |
23,967 | L+2.50% | 5.59 | % | Jan 2012 | (4) | ||||||
Multi-property loan (13 hotels) (5) |
186,392 | L+4.00% | 5.69 | % | Feb 2012 | (4) | ||||||
Hilton Garden Inn St. George |
10,818 | L+4.00% | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (6) | ||||||
SpringHill Suites Bakersfield |
9,975 | L+4.00% | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (6) | ||||||
SpringHill Suites Gainesville |
12,350 | L+4.00% | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (6) | ||||||
Hampton Inn & Suites Clearwater/St. Petersburg Ulmerton Road, FL |
10,334 | L+4.00% | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (6) | ||||||
Hampton Inn Garden City |
22,934 | L+4.00% | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (6) | ||||||
Hampton Inn & Suites Las Vegas-Red Rock/Summerlin |
11,078 | L+4.00% | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (6) | ||||||
Hampton Inn Ft. Walton Beach |
11,355 | L+4.00% | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (6) | ||||||
Hilton Mystic |
13,339 | L+4.00% | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (6) | ||||||
|
$ | 490,200 | ||||||||||
50
To satisfy the requirements to qualify as a REIT, and to avoid paying tax on our income, we intend to make regular quarterly distributions of all, or substantially all, of our REIT taxable income (excluding net capital gains) to our shareholders. We intend to make a pro rata distribution with respect to the period commencing upon completion of this offering and ending on , 2011, based on a distribution of $ per common share for a full quarter. On an annualized basis, this would be $ per common share, or an annualized distribution rate of approximately % based on an assumed initial public offering price of $ per common share, which is the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. We estimate that this initial annual distribution rate will represent approximately % of estimated cash available for distribution to our common shareholders for the 12-month period ending December 31, 2011. We do not intend to reduce the annualized distribution rate per common share if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option; however, this could require us to borrow funds to make the distributions or to make the distributions from net offering proceeds. Our intended initial annual distribution rate has been established based on our estimate of cash available for distribution for the 12-month period ending December 31, 2011, which we have calculated based on adjustments to our pro forma net income for the 12-month period ended December 31, 2010 (after giving effect to this offering and our formation transactions). This estimate was based on our pro forma operating results and does not take into account our business and growth strategies, nor does it take into account any unanticipated expenditures we may have to make or any financings for such expenditures. In estimating our cash available for distribution for the 12-month period ending December 31, 2011, we have made certain assumptions as reflected in the table and footnotes below.
Our estimate of cash available for distribution does not include the effect of any changes in our working capital resulting from changes in our working capital accounts. Our estimate also does not reflect the amount of cash to be used for investing activities for acquisition and other activities, other than recurring capital expenditures. It also does not reflect the amount of cash estimated to be used for financing activities, other than scheduled loan principal payments on mortgage and other indebtedness that will be outstanding upon completion of this offering. Any such investing and/or financing activities may have a material adverse effect on our estimate of cash available for distribution. Because we have made the assumptions set forth above in estimating cash available for distribution, we do not intend this estimate to be a projection or forecast of our actual results of operations, EBITDA, FFO, liquidity or financial condition and have estimated cash available for distribution for the sole purpose of determining our estimated initial annual distribution amount. Our estimate of cash available for distribution should not be considered as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities (computed in accordance with GAAP) or as an indicator of our liquidity or our ability to make distributions. In addition, the methodology upon which we made the adjustments described below is not necessarily intended to be a basis for determining future distributions.
We intend to maintain our initial distribution rate for the 12-month period following completion of this offering unless our results of operations, EBITDA, FFO, liquidity, cash flows, financial condition or prospects, economic conditions or other factors differ materially from the assumptions used in projecting our initial distribution rate. We believe that our estimate of cash available for distribution constitutes a reasonable basis for setting the initial distribution rate, as substantially all of the hotels in our initial portfolio have been in operation for a significant period of time, and our estimate does not give effect to the internal growth we expect to generate if the lodging industry continues to recover. However, we cannot assure you that our estimate will prove accurate, and actual distributions may therefore be significantly below the expected distributions. Our actual results of operations will be affected by a number of factors, including the revenue received from our hotels, performance of our property managers, our operating expenses, interest expense (including the effect of variable rate debt),
51
and unanticipated capital expenditures. We may, from time to time, be required, or elect, to borrow under our anticipated revolving credit facility or otherwise to pay distributions.
We cannot assure you that our estimated distributions will be made or sustained or that our board of trustees will not change our distribution policy in the future. Any distributions will be at the sole discretion of our board of trustees, and their form, timing and amount, if any, will depend upon a number of factors, including our actual and projected results of operations, EBITDA, FFO, liquidity, cash flows and financial condition, the revenue we actually receive from our properties, our operating expenses, our debt service requirements, our capital expenditures, prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements, our REIT taxable income, the annual REIT distribution requirements, applicable law and such other factors as our board of trustees deems relevant. For more information regarding risk factors that could materially and adversely affect us, please see "Risk Factors." If our operations do not generate sufficient cash flow to enable us to pay our intended or required distributions, we may be required either to fund distributions from working capital, borrow or raise equity or to reduce such distributions. In addition, our charter allows us to issue preferred shares that could have a preference on distributions. We currently have no intention to issue any preferred shares, but if we do, the distribution preference on the preferred shares could limit our ability to make distributions to the holders of our common shares. We also may elect to pay all or a portion of any distribution in the form of a taxable distribution of our common shares.
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a taxable U.S. shareholder under current U.S. federal income tax law to the extent those distributions do not exceed the shareholder's adjusted tax basis in his or her common shares, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of the shares. In that case, the gain (or loss) recognized on the sale of those shares or upon our liquidation will be increased (or decreased) accordingly. To the extent those distributions exceed a taxable U.S. shareholder's adjusted tax basis in his or her shares, they generally will be treated as a gain realized from the taxable disposition of those shares. The percentage of distributions to our shareholders that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits may vary substantially from year to year. For a more complete discussion of the tax treatment of distributions to holders of our common shares, see "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations."
U.S. federal income tax law requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its REIT taxable income, including capital gains. For more information, please see "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations." We anticipate that our estimated cash available for distribution will exceed the annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs and the amount necessary to avoid the payment of tax on undistributed income. However, under some circumstances, we may be required to make distributions in excess of cash available for distribution in order to meet these distribution requirements and we may need to borrow funds to make certain distributions.
The following table sets forth calculations relating to the intended initial distribution based on our pro forma financial data, and we cannot assure you that the intended initial distribution will be made or sustained. The calculations are being made solely for the purpose of illustrating the initial distribution and are not necessarily intended to be a basis for determining future distributions. The calculations include the following material assumptions:
52
These calculations do not assume any changes to our operations or any acquisitions or dispositions (or any transaction and pursuit costs related thereto) other than recurring capital expenditures, which would affect our cash flows, or changes in our outstanding common shares. We cannot assure you that our actual results will be as indicated in the calculations below. All dollar amounts are in thousands.
Pro forma net income for the year ended December 31, 2010 |
$ | ||||
Add: Depreciation and amortization |
|||||
Add: Amortization of deferred financing costs(1) |
|||||
Add: Transaction and pursuit costs(2) |
|||||
Add: Amortization of restricted common shares(3) |
|||||
Estimated cash flows from operating activities for the twelve months ending December 31, 2011 |
|||||
Estimated cash flows used in investing activitiesrequired capital expenditure reserve contributions(4) |
|||||
Estimated cash flows used in financing activitiesscheduled principal payments on debt payable(5) |
|||||
Estimated cash available for distribution for the twelve months ending December 31, 2011 |
$ | ||||
Intended initial distribution(6) |
$ | ||||
Ratio of intended initial distribution to estimated cash available for distribution |
% |
53
The following table sets forth the historical capitalization of our predecessor at December 31, 2010, and our pro forma consolidated capitalization at December 31, 2010, as adjusted to give effect to this offering and our formation transactions (including the application of the net proceeds of this offering as described in "Use of Proceeds"). You should read this table together with "Use of Proceeds," "Selected Financial and Operating Data," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our predecessor's consolidated historical and our pro forma financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
At December 31, 2010 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Historical | Pro Forma(1) | ||||||
|
(in thousands, except per share data) |
|||||||
Mortgage loans |
$ | 1,747,077 | $ | |||||
Term loan |
| |||||||
Equity: |
||||||||
Common shares, par value $0.01 per share; 100,000 shares authorized, 1,000 shares issued and outstanding, historical; and 450,000,000 shares authorized, shares issued and outstanding, on a pro forma basis(3) |
| (4) | ||||||
Preferred shares, par value $0.01 per share; 10,000 shares authorized and 0 shares issued and outstanding, historical; and 50,000,000 shares authorized and 0 shares issued and outstanding, on a pro forma basis |
| | ||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
| (4) | ||||||
Owners' equity: |
||||||||
Controlling owners' equity |
1,216,110 | |||||||
Noncontrolling interest(2) |
7,623 | |||||||
Noncontrolling partners' interest |
| (5) | ||||||
Total equity |
1,223,733 | |||||||
Total capitalization |
$ | 2,970,810 | $ | |||||
54
Purchasers of our common shares offered by this prospectus will experience an immediate and substantial dilution of the net tangible book value per common share from the assumed initial public offering price based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus of $ per share. As of December 31, 2010, our predecessor had a net tangible book value of approximately $ million, or $ per common share held by continuing investors. After giving effect to the sale of our common shares in this offering and the completion of our formation transactions (including the application of the net proceeds of this offering), the pro forma net tangible book value at December 31, 2010 attributable to common shareholders would have been $ million, or $ per common share, assuming the exchange of the OP units to be issued in our formation transactions for common shares on a one-for-one basis. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $ per share to our continuing investors and an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of $ per share to investors in this offering. The following table illustrates this per share dilution.
Assumed initial public offering price per share based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus |
$ | ||||
Net tangible book value per share at December 31, 2010, before this offering and our formation transactions(1) |
|||||
Net increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to this offering and our formation transactions |
|||||
Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering and our formation transactions(2) |
|||||
Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value per share to investors in this offering(3) |
$ |
Assuming the underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full, our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2010 would have been $ million, or $ per common share. This represents an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of $ per common share to investors in this offering (assuming the exchange of the OP units to be issued in our formation transactions for our common shares on a one-for-one basis).
55
Differences Between New Investors and Continuing Investors in Number of Shares and Amount Paid
The table below summarizes, as of December 31, 2010, on a pro forma basis after giving effect to our formation transactions and this offering, the differences between the number of common shares and OP units to be received by the continuing investors in our formation transactions and the new investors purchasing shares in this offering, the total consideration paid and the average price per common share or OP unit paid by the continuing investors in our formation transactions and paid in cash by the new investors purchasing shares in this offering (based on the pro forma net tangible book value attributable to those continuing investors receiving common shares and OP units in our formation transactions).
|
Shares / OP Units Issued/Granted |
Pro Forma Net Tangible Book Value of Contribution / Cash(1) |
Average Price Per Common Share / OP Unit | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number | Percentage | Amount | Percentage | ||||||||||||
($ in thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Continuing investors(2) |
% | $ | % | $ | ||||||||||||
New investors |
$ | (3) | ||||||||||||||
Total |
100.0 | % | $ | 100.0 | % |
56
SELECTED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA
You should read the following selected historical and pro forma combined financial and operating data, together with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and the historical and pro forma combined consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We present herein certain combined consolidated historical financial data for our predecessor, which is not a legal entity, but rather a combination of the real estate hospitality assets, liabilities and operations of Fund II and Fund III and the assets, liabilities and operations of RLJ Development. The historical combined consolidated financial data for our predecessor is not necessarily indicative of our results of operations, cash flows or financial position following the completion of this offering and our formation transactions.
We have not presented our historical financial information because we have not had any corporate activity since our formation other than the issuance of common shares in connection with our initial capitalization and activity in connection with this offering and our formation transactions. Therefore, we do not believe that a discussion of our historical results would be meaningful.
The historical combined consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 of our predecessor and the combined consolidated statements of operations information for each of the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 of our predecessor have been derived from the audited historical combined consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The historical combined consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2008 and 2007 of our predecessor and the combined consolidated statement of operations information for the year ended December 31, 2007 of our predecessor have been derived from the audited historical combined consolidated financial statements of our predecessor that are not included in this prospectus.
The selected historical financial information as of December 31, 2006, and for the year ended December 31, 2006 has been derived from the unaudited financial statements of our predecessor that are not included in this prospectus.
Our summary unaudited condensed pro forma combined consolidated financial and operating data as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010 assumes (1) the common shares to be sold in this offering are sold at the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and (2) the completion of our formation transactions as of January 1, 2010 for the operating data and as of December 31, 2010 for the balance sheet data. Our pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position and results of operations would have been as of the date and for the periods indicated, nor does it purport to represent our future financial position or results of operations.
57
|
Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Pro Forma Combined Consolidated |
Historical Combined Consolidated | |||||||||||||||||||
|
2010 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||||||||
|
(Unaudited) |
|
|
|
|
(Unaudited) |
|||||||||||||||
|
(In thousands, except share, per share and property data) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Room revenue |
$ | 608,266 | $ | 466,608 | $ | 408,667 | $ | 463,015 | $ | 395,939 | $ | 171,213 | |||||||||
Other hotel revenue |
100,298 | 78,960 | 73,821 | 88,804 | 79,558 | 33,997 | |||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
708,564 | 545,568 | 482,488 | 551,819 | 475,497 | 205,210 | |||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Room expense |
137,980 | 103,333 | 90,663 | 97,407 | 84,414 | 36,006 | |||||||||||||||
Other hotel expense |
298,631 | 231,237 | 210,810 | 235,391 | 202,788 | 86,948 | |||||||||||||||
Total hotel operating expense |
436,611 | 334,570 | 301,473 | 332,798 | 287,202 | 122,954 | |||||||||||||||
Property tax, ground rent and insurance |
45,781 | 34,868 | 35,667 | 34,110 | 30,556 | 10,924 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
119,316 | 100,793 | 96,154 | 84,390 | 59,651 | 23,244 | |||||||||||||||
Impairment loss |
| | 98,372 | 21,472 | | | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
19,539 | 19,599 | 18,215 | 18,791 | 9,790 | 5,806 | |||||||||||||||
Transaction, pursuit and organization costs |
1,447 | 14,345 | 8,665 | 2,100 | 500 | 675 | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
622,694 | 504,175 | 558,546 | 493,661 | 387,699 | 163,603 | |||||||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
85,870 | 41,393 | (76,058 | ) | 58,158 | 87,798 | 41,607 | ||||||||||||||
Interest and other income |
3,985 | 3,986 | 1,579 | 2,357 | 3,016 | 1,161 | |||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(83,301 | ) | (89,195 | ) | (92,175 | ) | (92,892 | ) | (77,440 | ) | (35,225 | ) | |||||||||
Income (loss) before provision for income tax (expense) benefit |
6,554 | (43,816 | ) | (166,654 | ) | (32,377 | ) | 13,374 | 7,543 | ||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
(1,608 | ) | (945 | ) | (1,801 | ) | 945 | (1,317 | ) | (658 | ) | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
4,946 | (44,761 | ) | (168,455 | ) | (31,432 | ) | 12,057 | 6,885 | ||||||||||||
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interest |
8 | (213 | ) | | | | | ||||||||||||||
Distributions to preferred shareholders |
| (62 | ) | (62 | ) | (61 | ) | (31 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) available to owners |
$ | 4,938 | $ | (44,610 | ) | $ | (168,517 | ) | $ | (31,493 | ) | $ | 12,026 | $ | 6,879 | ||||||
Balance Sheet Data (at period end): |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 275,952 | $ | 267,454 | $ | 151,382 | $ | 156,181 | $ | 83,897 | $ | 63,290 | |||||||||
Investment in hotels, net |
2,798,342 | 2,626,690 | 1,877,583 | 1,905,653 | 1,801,189 | 1,404,900 | |||||||||||||||
Total assets |
3,209,074 | 3,045,824 | 2,202,865 | 2,213,108 | 2,032,470 | 1,704,618 | |||||||||||||||
Total debt |
1,338,877 | 1,747,077 | 1,598,991 | 1,448,872 | 1,340,574 | 1,009,680 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
1,409,045 | 1,822,091 | 1,717,118 | 1,592,376 | 1,470,251 | 1,213,745 | |||||||||||||||
Total owners' equity |
1,800,029 | 1,223,733 | 485,747 | 620,732 | 562,219 | 490,873 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and owners' equity |
3,209,074 | 3,045,824 | 2,202,865 | 2,213,108 | 2,032,470 | 1,704,618 | |||||||||||||||
Per Share Data: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma basic earnings per share |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma diluted earnings per share |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingbasic |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma weighted average shares outstandingdiluted |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Other Data: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Number of properties at period end(1) |
140 | 132 | 117 | 115 | 106 | 88 | |||||||||||||||
Pro forma Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 207,270 | |||||||||||||||||||
Pro forma Adjusted FFO |
125,404 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows from: |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities |
$ | 63,663 | $ | 28,852 | $ | 76,978 | $ | 93,999 | $ | 43,752 | |||||||||||
Investing activities |
(786,193 | ) | (198,025 | ) | (130,400 | ) | (204,795 | ) | (1,208,658 | ) | |||||||||||
Financing activities |
838,602 | 164,374 | 125,706 | 131,403 | 1,217,569 |
58
|
Pro Forma | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
|||||
|
(In thousands) |
|||||
Reconciliation of FFO(1), Adjusted FFO(1), EBITDA(2) and Adjusted EBITDA(2) to Net Income |
||||||
Net income available to owners |
$ | 4,938 | ||||
Add: |
||||||
Depreciation and amortization(3) |
119,019 | |||||
FFO |
123,957 | |||||
Add: |
||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs |
1,447 | |||||
Adjusted FFO |
$ | 125,404 | ||||
Net income available to owners |
$ |
4,938 |
||||
Add (deduct): |
||||||
Interest expense(4) |
82,656 | |||||
Interest and other income(5) |
(2,398 | ) | ||||
Income tax expense |
1,608 | |||||
Depreciation and amortization(3) |
119,019 | |||||
EBITDA |
205,823 | |||||
Add: |
||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs |
1,447 | |||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 207,270 | ||||
We further adjust FFO for certain additional items that are not in NAREIT's definition of FFO, such as impairment losses and hotel transaction and pursuit costs. We believe that Adjusted FFO provides investors with another financial measure that may facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs.
We further adjust EBITDA for certain additional recurring and non-recurring items such as impairment losses and hotel transaction and pursuit costs. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with another financial measure that can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs.
59
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the "Selected Financial and Operating Data," the historical combined consolidated financial statements and related notes of our predecessor, "Risk Factors," and "Our Business and Properties" included elsewhere in this prospectus. Where appropriate, the following discussion includes the effects of this offering and our formation transactions on a pro forma basis. These effects are reflected in our pro forma combined consolidated financial statements located elsewhere in this prospectus. As used in this section, unless the context otherwise requires, "we," "us," "our" and "our company" mean our predecessor for the periods presented and RLJ Lodging Trust and its consolidated subsidiaries upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions.
Overview
We are a self-advised and self-administered Maryland real estate investment trust, which invests primarily in premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will own 140 hotels in 19 states and the District of Columbia comprising over 20,400 rooms. We will be one of the largest U.S. publicly-traded lodging REITs in terms of both number of hotels and number of rooms. Our initial hotels are concentrated in urban and dense suburban markets that we believe exhibit multiple demand generators and high barriers to entry.
Our strategy is to invest primarily in premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. Focused-service hotels typically generate most of their revenue from room rentals, have limited food and beverage outlets and meeting space and require fewer employees than traditional full-service hotels. We believe premium-branded, focused-service hotels have the potential to generate attractive returns relative to other types of hotels due to their ability to achieve RevPAR levels at or close to those achieved by traditional full-service hotels while achieving higher profit margins due to their more efficient operating model and less volatile cash flows.
We believe that the current market environment presents attractive opportunities for us to acquire additional hotels with significant upside potential that are compatible with our investment strategy. We also believe that current lodging market fundamentals provide significant opportunities for RevPAR and EBITDA growth at our initial hotels. We believe that our senior management team's experience, extensive industry relationships and asset management expertise, coupled with our expected access to capital, will enable us to compete effectively for acquisition opportunities and help us generate strong internal and external growth.
Our Customers
Substantially all of our initial hotels consist of focused-service and compact full-service hotels. As a result of this property profile, the majority of our customers are transient in nature. Transient business typically represents individual business or leisure travelers. The majority of our initial hotels are located in the business districts and suburban markets of major metropolitan areas. Accordingly, business travelers represent the majority of the transient demand at our initial hotels. As a result, macroeconomic factors impacting business travel have a greater effect on our business than factors impacting leisure travel.
Group business is typically defined as a minimum of 10 guestrooms booked together as part of the same piece of business. Group business may or may not use the meeting space at any given hotel. Given the limited meeting space at the majority of our initial hotels, this group of business represents a smaller component of our customer base.
60
A number of our initial hotels are affiliated with brands marketed toward extended-stay customers. Extended-stay customers are generally defined as those staying five nights or longer. Reasons for extended-stays may include, but are not limited to, training and/or special project business, relocation, litigation and insurance claims.
Our Revenues and Expenses
Our revenue is derived from hotel operations, including the sale of rooms, food and beverage revenue and other operating department revenue, which consist of telephone, parking and other guest services.
Our operating costs and expenses consist of the costs to provide hotel services, including room expense, food and beverage expense, management fees and other hotel expenses. Room expense includes housekeeping, reservation systems, room supplies, laundry services and front desk costs. Food and beverage expense primarily includes food, beverage and associated labor costs. Other hotel expenses include labor and other costs associated with the other operating department revenue, as well as labor and other costs associated with administrative departments, franchise fees, sales and marketing, repairs and maintenance and utility costs. Our initial hotels are managed by independent, third-party management companies under long-term agreements under which the management companies typically earn base and incentive management fees based on the levels of revenues and profitability of each individual hotel. We generally receive a cash distribution from the hotel management companies on a monthly basis, which reflects hotel-level sales less hotel-level operating expenses.
Key Indicators of Operating Performance
We use a variety of operating and other information to evaluate the operating performance of our business. These key indicators include financial information that is prepared in accordance with GAAP as well as other financial measures that are non-GAAP measures. In addition, we use other information that may not be financial in nature, including statistical information and comparative data. We use this information to measure the operating performance of our individual hotels, groups of hotels and/or business as a whole. We also use these metrics to evaluate the hotels in our portfolio and potential acquisitions to determine each hotel's contribution to cash flow and its potential to provide attractive long-term total returns. These key indicators include:
RevPAR changes that are primarily driven by changes in occupancy have different implications for overall revenues and profitability than changes that are driven primarily by changes in ADR.
61
For example, an increase in occupancy at a hotel would lead to additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities and room supplies) and could also result in increased other operating department revenue and expense. Changes in ADR typically have a greater impact on operating margins and profitability as they do not have a substantial effect on variable operating costs.
Occupancy, ADR and RevPAR are commonly used measures within the lodging industry to evaluate operating performance. RevPAR is an important statistic for monitoring operating performance at the individual hotel level and across our entire business. We evaluate individual hotel RevPAR performance on an absolute basis with comparisons to budget and prior periods, as well as on a regional and company-wide basis. ADR and RevPAR include only room revenue. Room revenue comprised approximately 85.5% of our total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010 and is dictated by demand (as measured by occupancy), pricing (as measured by ADR) and our available supply of hotel rooms.
Another commonly used measure in the lodging industry is the RevPAR penetration index, which measures a hotel's RevPAR in relation to the average RevPAR of that hotel's competitive set. Like other lodging companies, we use the RevPAR penetration index as an indicator of a hotel's market share in relation to its competitive set. The RevPAR penetration index for a particular hotel is calculated as the quotient of (a) the subject hotel's RevPAR divided by (b) the average RevPAR of the hotels in the subject hotel's competitive set, multiplied by 100. For example, if a hotel's RevPAR is $90 and the average RevPAR of the hotels in its competitive set is $90, the RevPAR penetration index would be 100, which would indicate that the subject hotel is capturing its fair market share in relation to its competitive set (i.e., the hotel's RevPAR is, on average, the same as its competitors). If, however, a hotel's RevPAR is $110 and the average RevPAR of the hotels in its competitive set is $90, the RevPAR penetration index of the subject hotel would be 122.2, which would indicate that the subject hotel maintains a RevPAR premium of approximately 22.2% (and, therefore, a market share premium) in relation to its competitive set.
One critical component in this calculation is the determination of a hotel's competitive set, which consists of a small group of hotels that we and our third-party hotel management company believe are comparable for purposes of benchmarking the performance of such hotel. A hotel's competitive set is mutually agreed upon by us and the hotel's management company. Factors that we consider when establishing a competitive set include geographic proximity, brand affiliations and rate structure, as well as the level of service provided at the hotel. Competitive set determinations are highly subjective, however, and our methodology for determining a hotel's competitive set may differ materially from those used by other hotel owners and/or management companies.
For the year ended December 31, 2010, the portfolio wide RevPAR penetration index of our initial hotels was 115.7, which indicates that, on average, our initial hotels maintained a market share premium of approximately 15.7% in relation to its competitive set.
We also use FFO, Adjusted FFO, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as measures of the operating performance of our business. See "Non-GAAP Financial Measures."
Principal Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
The principal factors affecting our operating results include overall demand for hotel rooms compared to the supply of available hotel rooms, and the ability of our third-party management companies to increase or maintain revenues while controlling expenses.
62
Operating performance of the U.S. lodging industry declined significantly from the peak in 2007 to 2009 due to challenging economic conditions created by declining GDP, high levels of unemployment, a significant decline in home prices and a reduction in the availability of credit. During the second half of 2010, the economic environment continued to show improvement, with a stabilizing unemployment rate and continued increases in reported corporate profits. According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. GDP grew at approximately 2.6% and 2.8% for the third and fourth quarters of 2010, respectively, driven primarily by increased consumer demand. The continued economic improvement combined with increased business travel and limited supply growth provided positive momentum for U.S. lodging fundamentals. Fourth quarter lodging fundamentals showed favorable occupancy and ADR growth, surpassing earlier estimates of flat RevPAR levels for 2010. According to Colliers PKF Hospitality Research, in the fourth quarter of 2010, the U.S. lodging industry experienced an 9.1% RevPAR increase, which was driven by a 7.1% increase in occupancy and a 1.9% increase in ADR. We believe that the U.S. economy will continue to recover from the recent recession and generate positive GDP growth over the near term and that, as a result, lodging industry fundamentals will strengthen over that period.
We believe that growth in room supply is likely to remain below the historical average of 2.1% (as reported by Smith Travel Research) until lodging occupancy levels return to long-term historical averages and lenders ease restrictions on construction financing. With limited new supply, we expect attractive RevPAR growth as the U.S. economy continues to strengthen. In its MarchMay 2011 edition of Hotel Horizons, Colliers PKF Hospitality Research projected the following growth in RevPAR and supply through 2014:
Year
|
RevPAR Growth | Supply Growth | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2011 |
7.1 | % | 0.7 | % | |||
2012 |
8.9 | % | 0.6 | % | |||
2013 |
9.3 | % | 1.0 | % | |||
2014 |
5.4 | % | 2.0 | % |
We expect that our ADR, occupancy and RevPAR performance will be impacted by macroeconomic factors such as regional and local employment growth, personal income and corporate earnings, office vacancy rates and business relocation decisions, airport and other business and leisure travel, new hotel construction and the pricing strategies of competitors. In addition, our ADR, occupancy and RevPAR performance are dependent on the continued success of the Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt brands.
63
hotels, due to the limited focus of the services offered and size or space limitations, may not have facilities that generate other operating department revenue.
Most categories of variable operating expenses, including labor costs such as housekeeping, fluctuate with changes in occupancy. Increases in occupancy are accompanied by increases in most categories of variable operating expenses, while increases in ADR typically only result in increases in limited categories of operating costs and expenses, such as franchise fees, management fees and credit card processing fee expenses which are based on hotel revenues. Thus, changes in ADR have a more significant impact on operating margins than changes in occupancy.
Critical Accounting Policies
Our discussion and analysis of the historical financial condition and results of operations of our predecessor is based on our predecessor's combined consolidated financial statements. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts may differ significantly from these estimates and assumptions. We have provided a summary of our significant accounting policies in the notes to the historical combined consolidated financial statements of our predecessor included elsewhere in this prospectus. We have set forth below those accounting policies that we believe require material subjective or complex judgments and have the most significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations. We evaluate our estimates, assumptions and judgments on an ongoing basis, based on information that is then available to us, our experience and various matters that we believe are reasonable and appropriate for consideration under the circumstances.
Investment in Hotel Properties
Hotel acquisitions consist almost exclusively of land, land improvements, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment and inventory. We record the purchase price among these asset classes based on their respective fair values. When we acquire hotels, we acquire them for use. Generally, we do not
64
acquire any significant in-place leases or other intangible assets (e.g., management agreements, franchise agreements or trademarks) when hotels are acquired. The only intangible assets acquired through December 31, 2010 consist of favorable tenant lease agreements and miscellaneous operating agreements, which are short-term in nature and at market rates. In conjunction with the acquisition of a hotel, we typically negotiate new franchise and management agreements with the selected brand and manager.
Our investments in hotels are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 15 years for land improvements, 40 years for buildings and improvements and three to five years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Intangible assets arising from favorable or unfavorable leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the term of the non-cancelable term of the agreement. Maintenance and repairs are expensed and major renewals or improvements are capitalized. Upon the sale or disposition of a fixed asset, the asset and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the related gain or loss is included in operations.
For hotels that are classified as held for investment, we assess the carrying values of each hotel, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these hotels may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the hotel. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary.
The use of projected future cash flows is based on assumptions that are consistent with a market participant's future expectations for the travel industry and economy in general and our strategic plans to manage the underlying hotels. However assumptions and estimates about future cash flows and capitalization rates are complex and subjective. Changes in economic and operating conditions and our ultimate investment intent that occur subsequent to a current impairment analyses could impact these assumptions and result in future impairment charges of the hotels.
During the year ended December 31, 2009, as a result of the general economic recession and reduced demand for our hotel rooms and services resulting from an overall decline in travel demand, we assessed the recoverability of the carrying value for all of the hotels in our portfolio. This assessment resulted in our determining that 17 hotels had carrying values in excess of undiscounted cash flows and accordingly we recorded an impairment charge totaling $98.4 million for these 17 hotels. The impairment charge was calculated based on a comparison of each of the 17 hotels' current fair market values, as determined by utilizing appraisals from independent third party appraisers, to each hotel's carrying value. Assumptions utilized by the third-party appraisal firms in the completion of their discounted cash flow models included a discount rate range of 10.28%14.25% based on market conditions as of December 31, 2009 and an estimated ten-year holding period.
During the year ended December 31, 2010, we determined that 17 of our hotels had potential indicators of impairment and accordingly evaluated the recoverability of the carrying value of these hotels using an undiscounted cash flow model updated to determine if further assessment for potential impairment was required for any of the hotels. All hotel carrying values were determined to be fully recoverable based on these assessments.
Revenue Recognition
Our revenue comprises hotel operating revenue, such as room revenue, food and beverage revenue and revenue from other hotel operating departments (such as telephone, parking and other guest
65
services). These revenues are recorded net of any sales and occupancy taxes collected from guests. All rebates or discounts are recorded as a reduction in revenue, and there are no material contingent obligations with respect to rebates and discounts offered by the hotels. All revenues are recorded on an accrual basis as earned. Appropriate allowances are made for doubtful accounts and are recorded as bad debt expense. The allowances are calculated as a percentage of aged accounts receivable, based on individual hotel management company policy. Cash received prior to guest arrival is recorded as an advance from the guest and recognized as revenue at the time of occupancy.
Income Taxes
We intend to operate and be taxed as a REIT under the Code. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to our shareholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain) and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent we currently distribute our REIT taxable income to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which the qualification is lost unless the IRS grants us relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect our net income, FFO, liquidity, net cash available for distribution to shareholders and financial condition. However, we intend to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
Share-Based Compensation
Prior to the completion of this offering, we intend to adopt an equity incentive plan that provides for the grant of options to purchase our common shares and share awards (including restricted common shares and restricted share units), share appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units and other equity-based awards, including long-term incentive plan units in our operating partnership, or LTIP units, or any combination of the foregoing. Equity-based compensation will be recognized as an expense in the financial statements over the vesting period and measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The amount of the expense may be subject to adjustment in future periods depending on the specific characteristics of the equity-based award and the application of the accounting guidance.
Results of Operations
At December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, we owned 132, 117 and 115 hotels, respectively (excluding six hotels carried as discontinued operations in all periods presented). All hotels owned during these periods, excluding discontinued operations, have been included in our results of operations during those respective periods or since their date of acquisition. For purposes of this presentation, the New York LaGuardia Airport Marriott, which is expected to be transferred to a third party shortly after the completion of this offering, is included in all financial and operating data presented, including RevPAR, ADR and occupancy rates.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2010 to the Year Ended December 31, 2009
Net loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 was $44.8 million compared to a net loss from continuing operations of $168.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, representing a decrease of $123.7 million. This improved performance was primarily due to a $63.1 million, or 13.1%, increase in total revenue (including $39.9 million arising from the net impact of acquisitions) and a decrease in impairment charges of $98.4 million, partially offset by a
66
$33.1 million, or 11.0%, increase in operating expenses and an increase in transaction and pursuit costs of $5.7 million.
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
Hotel operating revenue |
||||||||||||||||
Room revenue |
$ | 466,608 | $ | 408,667 | $ | 57,941 | 14.2 | % | ||||||||
Food and beverage revenue |
64,475 | 61,327 | 3,148 | 5.1 | % | |||||||||||
Other operating department revenue |
14,485 | 12,494 | 1,991 | 15.9 | % | |||||||||||
Total hotel operating revenue |
545,568 | 482,488 | 63,080 | |||||||||||||
Other income |
| | | |||||||||||||
Total revenue |
545,568 | 482,488 | 63,080 | 13.1 | % | |||||||||||
Expense |
||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expense |
||||||||||||||||
Room |
103,333 | 90,663 | 12,670 | 14.0 | % | |||||||||||
Food and beverage |
44,423 | 41,758 | 2,665 | 6.4 | % | |||||||||||
Management fees |
19,140 | 17,203 | 1,937 | 11.3 | % | |||||||||||
Other hotel expenses |
167,674 | 151,849 | 15,825 | 10.4 | % | |||||||||||
Total hotel operating expense |
334,570 | 301,473 | 33,097 | 11.0 | % | |||||||||||
Depreciation |
100,793 | 96,154 | 4,639 | 4.8 | % | |||||||||||
Impairment loss |
| 98,372 | (98,372 | ) | (100.0 | )% | ||||||||||
Property tax, ground rent and insurance |
34,868 | 35,667 | (799 | ) | (2.2 | )% | ||||||||||
General and administrative |
19,599 | 18,215 | 1,384 | 7.6 | % | |||||||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs |
14,345 | 8,665 | 5,680 | 65.6 | % | |||||||||||
Total operating expense |
504,175 | 558,546 | (54,371 | ) | (9.7 | )% | ||||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
41,393 | (76,058 | ) | 117,451 | (154.4 | )% | ||||||||||
Other income |
629 | 955 | (326 | ) | (34.1 | )% | ||||||||||
Interest income |
3,357 | 624 | 2,733 | 438.0 | % | |||||||||||
Interest expense |
(89,195 | ) | (92,175 | ) | 2,980 | (3.2 | )% | |||||||||
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes |
(43,816 | ) | (166,654 | ) | 122,838 | (73.7 | )% | |||||||||
Income tax expense |
(945 | ) | (1,801 | ) | 856 | (47.5 | )% | |||||||||
Loss from continuing operations |
(44,761 | ) | (168,455 | ) | 123,694 | (73.4 | )% | |||||||||
Income from discontinued operations |
22,145 | 457 | 21,688 | 4745.7 | % | |||||||||||
Net loss |
(22,616 | ) | (167,998 | ) | 145,382 | (86.5 | )% | |||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest |
213 | | 213 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
Net loss attributable to the Company |
(22,403 | ) | (167,998 | ) | 145,595 | (86.7 | )% | |||||||||
Distributions to preferred unitholders |
(62 | ) | (62 | ) | | 0.0 | % | |||||||||
Net loss available to owners |
$ | (22,465 | ) | $ | (168,060 | ) | $ | 145,595 | (86.6 | )% | ||||||
Revenue
Total revenue increased $63.1 million, or 13.1%, to $545.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $482.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009, reflecting improvement in U.S. lodging fundamentals. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $39.9 million in revenue arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods.
67
The following are the key hotel operating statistics for hotels owned at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively:
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | % Change | |||||||
Number of hotels (at end of period) |
132 | 117 | 12.8 | % | ||||||
Occupancy % |
68.3 | % | 63.8 | % | 7.1 | % | ||||
ADR |
$ | 112.60 | $ | 111.18 | 1.3 | % | ||||
RevPAR |
$ | 76.91 | $ | 70.91 | 8.5 | % |
Comparability of the annual periods is impacted by increases of 0.5%, $5.08 and $4.03 in occupancy, ADR and RevPAR, respectively, arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. For properties owned for the entirety of both periods, RevPAR growth of 2.8% was driven by a 6.3% increase in occupancy offset by a 3.3% decline in ADR.
Room Revenue. Room revenue increased $57.9 million, or 14.2%, to $466.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $408.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase in room revenue was primarily due to an 8.5% increase in RevPAR, driven by a 7.1% increase in occupancy and a 1.3% increase in ADR. Comparability of the annual periods is impacted by an increase of $35.7 million in room revenue arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods.
Food and Beverage Revenue. Food and beverage revenue increased $3.1 million, or 5.1%, to $64.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $61.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. However, comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $2.6 million in food and beverage revenue arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods.
Other Operating Department Revenue. Other operating department revenue, which includes revenue derived from ancillary sources, increased $2.0 million, or 15.9%, to $14.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Comparability of the annual periods is impacted by an increase of $1.7 million in other operating department revenue arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. The majority of the remaining increase was a result of portfolio-wide increase in parking revenue of $0.4 million, which was partially offset by continuing declines in telephone revenue of $0.3 million as guests reduced their usage of in-room telephone equipment.
Hotel Operating Expense
Hotel operating expense increased $33.1 million, or 11.0%, to $334.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $301.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $23.7 million in hotel operating expense arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. The remaining increase was primarily attributable to increases in occupancy as a result of the improving economy.
Depreciation
Depreciation expense increased $4.6 million, or 4.8%, to $100.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $96.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by a $6.1 million increase in depreciation expense arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods and a $1.7 million increase in depreciation on building and furniture, fixtures and equipment for capital expenditures made during 2010. The partially offsetting
68
decrease was primarily due to a reduction in fixed asset bases at certain hotels due to impairment charges recognized in prior years.
Impairment Loss
No impairment losses were recognized during 2010. During the year ended December 31, 2009, 17 of our hotels were deemed to have carrying values that were not fully recoverable based on changes in the capital markets and the overall decline in lodging demand, and, as a result, we recognized an impairment loss of $98.4 million.
Property Tax, Ground Rent and Insurance
Property tax, ground rent and insurance expense decreased $0.8 million, or 2.2%, to $34.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $35.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $3.4 million in property tax, ground rent and insurance expense arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. Property tax, ground rent and insurance expense for the remainder of the portfolio decreased $4.2 million due to a combination of declines in assessed property values due to the recession and our efforts to aggressively challenge real estate tax assessments and manage our insurance premiums.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense increased $1.4 million, or 7.6%, to $19.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $18.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The majority of the increase in general and administrative expense is attributable to an increase in legal fees of $0.9 million, primarily related to the Company's investment in loans and an increase in management advisory services of $0.5 million.
Transaction and Pursuit costs
Transaction and pursuit costs increased $5.7 million to $14.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $10.3 million in transaction costs arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. There were 24 acquisitions in 2010 and the first quarter of 2011, which resulted in transaction costs of $13.2 million in 2010, compared to two acquisitions in 2009 resulting in transaction costs of $2.9 million. The period-over-period increase in transaction costs was partially offset by a net decrease of $4.6 million of costs associated with unsuccessful acquisition efforts during the periods. Unsuccessful acquisition costs totaled $1.2 million in 2010 and $5.8 million in 2009, with the 2009 charge arising primarily from a $5.6 million fee paid in 2009 in order to terminate an obligation to purchase two hotels under a purchase and sale agreement. The purchase and sale agreement was terminated due to an overall decline in the economy, which resulted in our deciding not to continue to pursue this acquisition opportunity.
Interest Income
Interest income increased $2.7 million to $3.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. This increase was primarily due to $3.1 million of interest income recognized for the year ended December 31, 2010 arising from our investment in loans that were acquired at the end of 2009. This was partially offset by a decrease in interest income earned on escrowed monies received in 2009 of $0.2 million.
69
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased $3.0 million, or 3.2%, to $89.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $92.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $3.5 million in interest expense arising from the net impact of debt incurred related to acquisitions during the periods. The decrease was primarily due to the expiration of unfavorable interest rate hedges resulting in a decrease in hedge driven interest expense of $11.2 million and a $0.9 million decrease in amortization of deferred financing fees, partially offset by an increase in interest expense of $5.9 million from rising interest rates as well as higher interest rates on $311.1 million of debt obligations that were modified and extended.
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense decreased $0.9 million, or 47.5%, to $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 from $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Tax expense incurred for 2010 was less than 2009 due to expense incurred in 2009 for an immaterial out-of-period adjustment for previously unrecorded state taxes. As part of our structure, we own TRSs that are subject to federal and state income taxes. The TRSs' 2010 and 2009 income tax expense were calculated using an effective tax rate of 37.8% for both years.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2009 to the Year Ended December 31, 2008
Net loss from continuing operations for the year ended December 31, 2009 was $168.5 million compared to a net loss from continuing operations of $31.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, representing a decline of $137.1 million. This decline was primarily due to a $69.3 million, or 12.6%, decrease in total revenue as a result of weakness in the U.S. lodging market caused by the
70
economic recession and an increase in impairment loss of $76.9 million arising from the write down of 17 hotels to fair value.
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | |
|
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | $ Change | % Change | ||||||||||||
Hotel operating revenue |
||||||||||||||||
Room revenue |
$ | 408,667 | $ | 463,015 | $ | (54,348 | ) | (11.7 | )% | |||||||
Food and beverage revenue |
61,327 | 71,766 | (10,439 | ) | (14.5 | )% | ||||||||||
Other operating department revenue |
12,494 | 17,038 | (4,544 | ) | (26.7 | )% | ||||||||||
Total revenue |
482,488 | 551,819 | (69,331 | ) | (12.6 | )% | ||||||||||
Expense |
||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expense |
||||||||||||||||
Room |
90,663 | 97,407 | (6,744 | ) | (6.9 | )% | ||||||||||
Food and beverage |
41,758 | 48,934 | (7,176 | ) | (14.7 | )% | ||||||||||
Management fees |
17,203 | 21,365 | (4,162 | ) | (19.5 | )% | ||||||||||
Other hotel expenses |
151,849 | 165,092 | (13,243 | ) | (8.0 | )% | ||||||||||
Total hotel operating expense |
301,473 | 332,798 | (31,325 | ) | (9.4 | )% | ||||||||||
Depreciation |
96,154 | 84,390 | 11,764 | 13.9 | % | |||||||||||
Impairment loss |
98,372 | 21,472 | 76,900 | 358.1 | % | |||||||||||
Property tax, ground rent and insurance |
35,667 | 34,110 | 1,557 | 4.6 | % | |||||||||||
General and administrative |
18,215 | 18,791 | (576 | ) | (3.1 | )% | ||||||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs |
8,665 | 1,955 | 6,710 | 343.2 | % | |||||||||||
Organization costs |
| 145 | (145 | ) | | |||||||||||
Total operating expense |
558,546 | 493,661 | 64,885 | 13.1 | % | |||||||||||
Operating (loss)/income |
(76,058 | ) | 58,158 | (134,216 | ) | (230.8 | )% | |||||||||
Other income |
955 | 745 | 210 | 28.2 | % | |||||||||||
Interest income |
624 | 1,612 | (988 | ) | (61.3 | )% | ||||||||||
Interest expense |
(92,175 | ) | (92,892 | ) | 717 | (0.8 | )% | |||||||||
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes |
(166,654 | ) | (32,377 | ) | (134,277 | ) | 414.7 | % | ||||||||
Income tax (expense)/benefit |
(1,801 | ) | 945 | (2,746 | ) | (290.6 | )% | |||||||||
Loss from continuing operations |
(168,455 | ) | (31,432 | ) | (137,023 | ) | 435.9 | % | ||||||||
Income from discontinued operations |
457 | 2,111 | (1,654 | ) | (78.4 | )% | ||||||||||
Net loss |
(167,998 | ) | (29,321 | ) | (138,677 | ) | 473.0 | % | ||||||||
Distributions to preferred unitholders |
(62 | ) | (61 | ) | (1 | ) | 1.6 | % | ||||||||
Net loss available to owners |
$ | (168,060 | ) | $ | (29,382 | ) | $ | (138,678 | ) | 472.0 | % | |||||
Revenue
Total revenue declined $69.3 million, or 12.6%, to $482.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $551.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, reflecting the continued weakness in U.S. lodging fundamentals and impact of the economic recession in all of our markets. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $35.9 million in total revenue arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. When excluding non-comparable hotels, total revenue from hotels owned for the duration of both periods declined $105.0 million. The continued decline in group bookings, as both businesses and associations cancelled non-essential meetings, adversely affected ADR and food and beverage revenue.
71
The following were the key hotel operating statistics for the hotels owned at December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively:
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2009 | 2008 | % Change | |||||||
Number of Hotels (at end of period) |
117 | 115 | 1.7 | % | ||||||
Occupancy % |
63.8 | % | 67.8 | % | (5.9 | )% | ||||
ADR |
$ | 111.18 | $ | 125.34 | (11.3 | )% | ||||
RevPAR |
$ | 70.91 | $ | 84.92 | (16.5 | )% |
Most of the decline in RevPAR reflected a number of negative trends within primary customer segments, including decreases in demand, length of stay, booking pace, and business travel, as well as declines in ADR reflecting discounted pricing.
Room Revenue. Room revenue decreased $54.3 million, or 11.7%, to $408.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $463.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease in room revenue was due to a 16.5% decline in RevPAR, driven by a 11.3% decrease in ADR and a 5.9% decrease in occupancy. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by a $33.5 million increase in revenues arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods.
Food and Beverage Revenue. Food and beverage revenue decreased $10.4 million, or 14.5%, to $61.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $71.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $1.7 million in food and beverage revenues arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. The primary driver of the decreases in food and beverage revenue for the remainder of the portfolio was an $8.2 million decline in event catering revenues at the hotels. The remaining $3.9 million decline in food and beverage revenue was the result of guests limiting their expenditures as a result of the recession.
Other Operating Department Revenue. Other operating department revenue, which includes revenue derived from ancillary sources, decreased $4.5 million, or 26.7%, to $12.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $17.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, primarily as a result of guests continuing to limit expenditures in all areas, including these ancillary sources. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $0.6 million in other operating department revenue arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods.
Hotel Operating Expense
Hotel operating expense decreased $31.3 million, or 9.4%, to $301.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $332.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $18.6 million in hotel operating expense arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. Excluding the impact of acquisitions during the periods, hotel operating expense decreased $48.9 million primarily as a result of lower occupancy across our portfolio.
Depreciation
Depreciation expense increased $11.8 million, or 13.9%, to $96.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $84.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $7.2 million in depreciation expense arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. The remaining increase was primarily due to depreciation on building and furniture, fixtures and equipment related to $17.2 million of capital expenditures made during 2009, partially offset by a reduction of the furniture, fixtures and equipment basis at certain hotels due to impairment charges of $21.5 million in 2008.
72
Impairment Loss
Impairment loss increased $76.9 million to $98.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $21.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The increase was due to our determination that the carrying values for 17 of our hotels were not fully recoverable, which resulted in us recording impairment charges related to such hotels in 2009. At December 31, 2008, five of our hotels were deemed to have carrying values that were not fully recoverable. For both 2009 and 2008, the determination that carrying values for certain of our initial hotels were not fully recoverable was made based on changes in the capital markets and the overall decline in lodging demand.
Property Tax, Ground Rent and Insurance
Property tax, ground rent and insurance expense increased $1.5 million, or 4.6%, to $35.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $34.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $2.0 million in property tax, ground rent and insurance expense arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. Property tax, ground rent and insurance expense for the remainder of the portfolio decreased $0.5 million mainly due to a combination of declines in assessed property values due to the recession and our efforts to aggressively challenge real estate tax assessments and manage our insurance premiums.
General and Administrative
General and administrative expense decreased $0.6 million, or 3.1%, to $18.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $18.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008.
Transaction and Pursuit Costs
Transaction and pursuit costs increased $6.7 million to $8.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, primarily as a result of a $5.6 million fee paid in 2009 in order to terminate an obligation to purchase two hotels under a purchase and sale agreement. The purchase and sale agreement was terminated due to an overall decline in the economy, which resulted in our deciding not to continue to pursue this acquisition opportunity. This payment resulted in a year-over-year increase in costs associated with unsuccessful acquisition efforts of $4.6 million. Additionally, transaction costs increased $2.1 million year-over-year due to the size and complexity of the transactions that occurred during 2009 versus 2008.
Interest Income
Interest income decreased $1.0 million, or 61.3%, to $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. This decrease was primarily due to declines in interest rates on demand deposits.
Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased $0.7 million, or 0.8%, to $92.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $92.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Comparability of the annual periods was impacted by an increase of $5.2 million in interest expense arising from the net impact of acquisitions during the periods. Excluding the impact of acquisitions during the periods, interest expense decreased $4.3 million. This $4.3 million decrease was primarily due to a decline in interest rates as a result of the downturn in the economy, which caused mortgage interest expense to decrease $4.1 million with the remaining reduction resulting from a decrease in average outstanding balances.
73
Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense increased $2.7 million to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from a $0.9 million income tax benefit for the year ended December 31, 2008. The increase in income tax expense was due to an immaterial out-of-period adjustment for previously unrecorded state taxes in the State of Texas. As part of our structure, we own TRSs that are subject to federal and state income taxes. The TRSs' combined effective tax rates of 37.8% did not change significantly for the year ended December 31, 2009.
Income from Discontinued Operations
Net income from discontinued operations decreased $1.7 million to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 from $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The decrease in net income from discontinued operations is primarily the result of the downturn in the overall economy, which resulted in an 8.7% decline in occupancy and a 3.4% decline in ADR for the six hotels sold in 2010.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
We consider the following non-GAAP financial measures useful to investors as key supplemental measures of our performance: (1) FFO, (2) Adjusted FFO, (3) EBITDA, and (4) Adjusted EBITDA. These non-GAAP financial measures should be considered along with, but not as alternatives to, net income or loss as a measure of our operating performance. FFO, Adjusted FFO, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, as calculated by us, may not be comparable to FFO, Adjusted FFO, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as reported by other companies that do not define such terms exactly as we define such terms.
Funds From Operations
We calculate FFO in accordance with standards established by NAREIT, which defines FFO as net income or loss (calculated in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains or losses from sales of real estate, items classified by GAAP as extraordinary and the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, plus depreciation and amortization, and adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, most real estate industry investors consider FFO to be helpful in evaluating a real estate company's operations. We believe that the presentation of FFO provides useful information to investors regarding our operating performance by excluding the effect of depreciation and amortization, gains or losses from sales for real estate, extraordinary items and the portion of items related to unconsolidated entities, all of which are based on historical cost accounting, and that FFO can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs, even though FFO does not represent an amount that accrues directly to common shareholders. Our calculation of FFO may not be comparable to measures calculated by other companies who do not use the NAREIT definition of FFO or do not calculate FFO per diluted share in accordance with NAREIT guidance. Additionally, FFO may not be helpful when comparing us to non-REITs.
We further adjust FFO for certain additional items that are not in NAREIT's definition of FFO, such as impairment losses and hotel transaction and pursuit costs. We believe that Adjusted FFO provides investors with another financial measure that may facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs.
74
The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP net loss to FFO and Adjusted FFO for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (in thousands):
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
Net loss available to owners(1) |
$ | (44,610 | ) | $ | (168,517 | ) | $ | (31,493 | ) | ||
Depreciation and amortization(1)(2) |
100,763 | 96,154 | 84,390 | ||||||||
FFO |
56,153 | (72,363 | ) | 52,897 | |||||||
Impairment loss |
|
98,372 |
21,472 |
||||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs(3) |
14,165 | 8,665 | 1,955 | ||||||||
Organization costs |
| | 145 | ||||||||
Adjusted FFO |
$ | 70,318 | $ | 34,674 | $ | 76,469 | |||||
Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization
EBITDA is defined as net income or loss excluding: (1) interest expense; (2) provision for income taxes, including income taxes applicable to sale of assets; and (3) depreciation and amortization (including amortization of non-cash share-based compensation). We consider EBITDA useful to an investor in evaluating and facilitating comparisons of our operating performance between periods and between REITs by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense) and asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization) from our operating results. In addition, EBITDA is used as one measure in determining the value of hotel acquisitions and dispositions.
We further adjust EBITDA for certain additional items such as impairment losses and hotel transaction and pursuit costs. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA provides investors with another financial measure that can facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between REITs.
75
The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP net loss to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (in thousands):
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
Net loss available to owners(1) |
$ | (44,610 | ) | $ | (168,517 | ) | $ | (31,493 | ) | ||
Interest expense(1)(2) |
89,181 | 92,175 | 92,892 | ||||||||
Interest income(1)(3) |
(1,664 | ) | (568 | ) | (1,612 | ) | |||||
Income tax expense (benefit)(1) |
945 | 1,801 | (945 | ) | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization(1)(4) |
100,763 | 96,154 | 84,390 | ||||||||
EBITDA |
144,615 | 21,045 | 143,232 | ||||||||
Impairment loss |
|
98,372 |
21,472 |
||||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs(5) |
14,165 | 8,665 | 1,955 | ||||||||
Organization costs |
| | 145 | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 158,780 | $ | 128,082 | $ | 166,804 | |||||
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our initial hotels, including:
We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under our anticipated revolving credit facility.
Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the costs of acquiring additional hotels and redevelopments, renovations, expansions and other capital expenditures that need to be made periodically with respect to our hotels and scheduled debt payments. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through various sources of capital, including our anticipated revolving credit facility and future equity issuances (including OP units) or debt offerings, existing working capital, net cash provided by operations, long-term hotel mortgage indebtedness and
76
other secured and unsecured borrowings. However, there are a number of factors that may have a material adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including the current state of overall equity and credit markets, our degree of leverage, our unencumbered asset base (which, on a pro forma basis as of December 31, 2010, was comprised of 44 hotels with $234.4 million in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010) and borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders (including as a result of any failure to comply with financial covenants in our existing and future indebtedness), general market conditions for REITs, our operating performance and liquidity and market perceptions about us. The success of our business strategy will depend, in part, on our ability to access these various capital sources.
Our hotels will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. In addition, acquisitions, redevelopments or expansions of hotels will require significant capital outlays. We may not be able to fund such capital improvements solely from net cash provided by operations because we must distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deductions for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, and we are subject to tax on any retained income and gains. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or hotel redevelopment through retained earnings is very limited. Consequently, we expect to rely heavily upon the availability of debt or equity capital for these purposes. If we are unable to obtain the necessary capital on favorable terms, or at all, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected.
Revolving Credit Facility
Upon completion of this offering, we expect to enter into a $ million revolving credit facility, which we believe will provide us with significant financial flexibility to fund future acquisitions and hotel redevelopments. We intend to repay indebtedness incurred under our anticipated revolving credit facility from time to time out of net cash provided by operations and from the net proceeds of issuances of additional equity and debt securities, as market conditions permit.
Indebtedness to be Outstanding after this Offering
We intend to use substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering to repay approximately $ million of secured indebtedness that was outstanding as of December 31, 2010. Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions (including the application of the net proceeds of this offering as set forth under "Use of Proceeds"), we anticipate having approximately $1.3 billion in outstanding indebtedness. The following table sets forth the indebtedness that we expect
77
to assume upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions after application of the net proceeds of this offering, as discussed under "Use of Proceeds."
Propert(y)(ies) / Loan
|
Number of Assets Encumbered |
Outstanding Balance at 12/31/2010 |
Effective Annual Interest Rate at 12/31/10(1) |
Amortization Period (Years) |
Maturity Date |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hyatt Summerfield Suites Portfolio |
6 | ||||||||||||||||
Senior |
$ | 40,425 | (2) | 4.57 | % | Interest Only | Apr-11 | (3) | |||||||||
Mezzanine |
31,161 | (2) | 6.08 | % | Interest Only | Apr-11 | (3) | ||||||||||
Term Loan(4) |
10 | 140,000 | 5.25 | % | Interest Only | Sep-11 | (4) | ||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn New York / West 35th Street |
1 | 60,000 | 5.50 | % | Interest Only | Jun-13 | (5) | ||||||||||
Homewood Suites by Hilton Washington |
1 | 31,000 | 5.50 | % | Interest Only | Oct-13 | (5) | ||||||||||
Embassy Suites Tampa-Downtown Convention Center |
1 | 40,000 | 5.50 | % | Interest Only | Oct-13 | (5) | ||||||||||
Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City |
1 | ||||||||||||||||
Senior |
150,000 | 4.90 | % | Interest Only | Dec-13 | (5) | |||||||||||
Mezzanine |
50,000 | 10.75 | % | Interest Only | Dec-13 | (5) | |||||||||||
Courtyard Grand Rapids Airport |
1 | 4,446 | 6.12 | % | 25 | Apr-15 | |||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Detroit Southfield |
1 | 5,123 | 5.50 | % | 25 | May-15 | |||||||||||
Courtyard Chicago Midway Airport |
1 | 11,997 | 5.55 | % | 25 | May-15 | |||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago Midway Airport |
1 | 5,205 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Courtyard Denver Southwest/Lakewood |
1 | 2,718 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Denver Southwest/Lakewood |
1 | 4,462 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Denver North/Westminster |
1 | 10,400 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Courtyard Boulder Louisville |
1 | 9,282 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Louisville Hurstbourne/North |
1 | 8,317 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
SpringHill Suites South Bend Mishawaka |
1 | 5,751 | 5.60 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Indianapolis Carmel |
1 | 8,956 | 5.60 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Courtyard Austin South |
1 | 5,450 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Courtyard Chicago Downtown / Magnificent Mile |
1 | 36,135 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Courtyard Denver West/Golden |
1 | 6,861 | 5.60 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Courtyard Boulder Longmont |
1 | 6,116 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Austin North/Parmer Lane |
1 | 7,028 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Indianapolis Carmel |
1 | 8,952 | 5.60 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Denver West/Golden |
1 | 7,018 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Louisville Northeast |
1 | 7,724 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Boulder Longmont |
1 | 7,028 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin North/Parmer Lane |
1 | 8,023 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Chicago Naperville / Warrenville |
1 | 10,068 | 5.55 | % | 25 | Jun-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Detroit Novi |
1 | 7,083 | 5.50 | % | 25 | Jul-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Chicago Oak Brook |
1 | 11,547 | 5.44 | % | 25 | Sep-15 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Salt Lake City Airport |
1 | 9,403 | 6.29 | % | 30 | Jul-16 | |||||||||||
Courtyard Goshen |
1 | 5,605 | 6.29 | % | 30 | Jul-16 | |||||||||||
Courtyard Chicago Southeast / Hammond, IN |
1 | 7,871 | 6.29 | % | 30 | Jul-16 | |||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites San Antonio Airport / North Star Mall |
1 | 9,416 | 6.29 | % | 30 | Jul-16 | |||||||||||
Wachovia Loans |
43 | 499,132 | 6.29 | % | 30 | Jul-16 | |||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago Southeast / Hammond, IN |
1 | 6,742 | 6.29 | % | 30 | Jul-16 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn and Courtyard Indianapolis |
2 | 35,669 | 6.29 | % | 30 | Jul-16 | |||||||||||
Residence Inn Chicago Southeast / Hammond, IN |
1 | 6,916 | 6.29 | % | 30 | Jul-16 | |||||||||||
Courtyard San Antonio Airport / North Star Mall |
1 | 9,848 | 6.29 | % | 30 | Jul-16 | |||||||||||
Total/Weighted Average |
96 | $ | 1,338,878 | 5.95 | % | ||||||||||||
78
Sources and Uses of Cash
As of December 31, 2010, we had $267.5 million of cash and cash equivalents, compared to $151.4 million at December 31, 2009 and $156.2 million at December 31, 2008.
Cash flows from Operating Activities
Net cash flow provided by operating activities totaled $64.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Net loss of $22.6 million was due in significant part to non-cash expenses, including $100.8 million of depreciation and $3.1 million of amortization of deferred financing costs, partially offset by a $23.7 million gain on the sale of six hotels. In addition, changes in operating assets and liabilities due to the timing of cash receipts and payments from our initial hotels resulted in net cash inflow of $5.6 million.
Net cash flow provided by operating activities totaled $28.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. Net loss of $168.0 million was due in significant part to non-cash expenses, including $98.9 million of depreciation, $98.4 million of impairment charges and $3.8 million of amortization. In addition, changes in operating assets and liabilities due to the timing of cash receipts and payments from our initial hotels resulted in net cash outflow of $5.0 million.
Net cash flow provided by operating activities totaled $77.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. Net loss of $29.3 million was due in significant part to non-cash expenses, including $86.9 million of depreciation, $21.5 million of impairment charges and $3.8 million of amortization. In addition, changes in operating assets and liabilities due to the timing of cash receipts and payments from our initial hotels resulted in net cash outflow of $5.2 million.
Cash flows from Investing Activities
Net cash flow used in investing activities totaled $786.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 primarily due to $828.9 million used for the purchase of 15 hotels, $15.9 million in improvements and additions to hotels, a purchase deposit paid of $8.5 million and the net funding of restricted cash reserves of $16.1 million, partially offset by $72.7 million from the sale of six hotels.
Net cash flow used in investing activities totaled $198.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 primarily due to $145.3 million used for the purchase of two hotels, $12.9 million used to purchase two loans, $20.6 million in improvements and additions to hotels and $8.6 million of net funding of restricted cash reserves.
Net cash flow used in investing activities totaled $130.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 primarily due to $87.8 million used for the purchase of nine hotels, net of assumed mortgage indebtedness. Additionally, $38.5 million was used to purchase improvements and additions to hotels and $9.4 million was the net funding to restricted cash reserves.
79
Cash flows from Financing Activities
Net cash flow provided by financing activities totaled $838.6 million for year ended December 31, 2010 primarily due to $589.1 million of borrowing under our credit facility, $331.0 million in proceeds from mortgage loans, $801.8 million in net contributions from partners, offset by $735.1 million of repayments under our credit facility, $79.7 million of mortgage loan repayments, $29.0 million in payment of member distributions, $31.0 million in payment of partners distributions and $8.4 million paid for deferred financing fees.
Net cash flow provided by financing activities totaled $164.4 million for year ended December 31, 2009 primarily due to $151.0 million of borrowing under our credit facility, $14.8 million in proceeds from mortgage loans, $48.9 million in net contributions from partners, offset by $6.0 million of repayments under our credit facility, $10.8 million of mortgage loan repayments, $33.0 million in payment of partners distributions.
Net cash flow provided by financing activities totaled $125.7 million for year ended December 31, 2008 primarily due to $57.8 million of borrowing under our credit facility, $70.6 million in proceeds from mortgage loans, $204.3 million in net contributions from partners, offset by $99.8 million of repayments under our credit facility, $6.3 million of mortgage loan repayments, $2.0 million of deferred financing costs paid, $6.4 million in payment of member distributions and $92.5 million in payment of partners distributions.
Capital Expenditures and Reserve Funds
We maintain each of our initial hotels in good repair and condition and in conformity with applicable laws and regulations, franchise agreements and management agreements. The cost of all such routine improvements and alterations will be paid out of furniture, fixture and equipment, or FF&E, reserves, which will be funded by a portion of each hotel's gross revenues. Routine capital expenditures are administered by the hotel management companies. However, we have approval rights over the capital expenditures as part of the annual budget process for each of our initial hotels.
From time to time, certain of our initial hotels may be undergoing renovations as a result of our decision to upgrade portions of the hotels, such as guestrooms, meeting space, and/or restaurants, in order to better compete with other hotels in our markets. In addition, often after we acquire a hotel, we are required to complete a property improvement plan in order to bring the hotel up to the respective franchisor's standards. If permitted by the terms of the management agreement, funding for a renovation will first come from the FF&E reserves. To the extent that the FF&E reserves are not available or adequate to cover the cost of the renovation, we will fund all or the remaining portion of the renovation with cash and cash equivalents on hand, our anticipated revolving credit facility and other sources of available liquidity.
As a result of this offering and formation transactions, we expect to enter into new franchise agreements (or assume existing franchise agreements) with respect to each of our initial hotels that is currently subject to an existing franchise agreement. In connection with entering into such new franchise agreements or assuming existing franchise agreements, we anticipate that we will be required to complete property improvement plans at certain of our initial hotels. These property improvement plans typically require the franchisee to renovate a hotel to achieve compliance with all then-current brand standards, and must be completed over a specified period of time. We currently expect that completion of property improvement plans required in connection with this offering and our formation transactions will cost between $ and $ million. In addition, we expect to incur costs of approximately $ in connection with branding or re-branding five of our initial hotels into brands affiliated with Hilton or InterContinental following the completion of this offering.
80
With respect to some of our hotels that are operated under franchise agreements with major national hotel brands and for some of our hotels subject to first mortgage liens, we are obligated to maintain FF&E reserve accounts for future capital expenditures at these hotels. The amount funded into each of these reserve accounts is generally determined pursuant to the franchise and loan agreements for each of the respective hotels, and typically ranges between 2.0 and 5.0% of the respective hotel's total gross revenue. As of December 31, 2010, approximately $46.7 million was held in FF&E reserve accounts for future capital expenditures.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of December 31, 2010, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements, and we do not expect to have any upon completion of this offering.
Contractual Obligations
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2010 (in thousands):
|
Amount of Obligation or Commitment Expiration per Period | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obligations and Commitments
|
2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans and interest(1) |
$ | 419,294 | $ | 361,224 | $ | 397,239 | $ | 48,610 | $ | 247,692 | $ | 609,189 | $ | 2,083,247 | ||||||||
Purchase commitments |
175,000 | | | | | | 175,000 | |||||||||||||||
Ground rent |
400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 33,600 | 35,600 | |||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
826 | 845 | 864 | 887 | 914 | 138 | 4,475 | |||||||||||||||
|
$ | 595,520 | $ | 362,469 | $ | 398,503 | $ | 49,897 | $ | 249,006 | $ | 642,927 | $ | 2,298,322 | ||||||||
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commitments on a pro forma basis as of December 31, 2010 to reflect the obligations and commitments that we expect to have upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions (including the application of the net proceeds of this offering) (in thousands):
|
Amount of Obligation or Commitment Expiration per Period | |||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obligations and Commitments
|
2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | Thereafter | Total | |||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans and interest(1) |
$ | 146,249 | $ | 68,517 | $ | 395,555 | $ | 48,587 | $ | 247,671 | $ | 609,178 | $ | 1,515,757 | ||||||||
Term loan(2) |
144,900 | | | | | | 144,900 | |||||||||||||||
Ground rent |
400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 400 | 33,600 | 35,600 | |||||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
826 | 845 | 864 | 887 | 914 | 138 | 4,475 | |||||||||||||||
|
$ | 292,375 | $ | 69,762 | $ | 396,819 | $ | 49,874 | $ | 248,985 | $ | 642,916 | $ | 1,700,732 | ||||||||
Inflation
We rely entirely on the performance of the hotels and their ability to increase revenues to keep pace with inflation. Increases in the costs of operating our hotels due to inflation would adversely affect the operating performance of our TRS lessee, which in turn, could inhibit the ability of our TRS lessee
81
to make required rent payments to us. Hotel management companies, in general, possess the ability to adjust room rates daily to reflect the effects of inflation. However, competitive pressures may limit the ability of our hotel management companies to raise room rates.
Seasonality
Depending on a hotel's location and market, operations for the hotel may be seasonal in nature. This seasonality can be expected to cause fluctuations in our quarterly operating performance. For hotels located in non-resort markets, demand is generally lower in the winter months due to decreased travel and higher in the spring and summer months during the peak travel season. Accordingly, since, we expect that we will have lower revenue, operating income and cash flow in the first and fourth quarters and higher revenue, operating income and cash flow in the second and third quarters.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, equity prices and other market changes that affect market sensitive instruments. Our primary market risk exposure is to changes in interest rates on our variable rate debt. As of December 31, 2010, we had $950.8 million of total variable rate debt outstanding (or 54.4% of total indebtedness) with a weighted average interest rate of 4.83% per annum. If market rates of interest on our variable rate debt outstanding as of December 31, 2010 were to increase by 1.0%, or 100 basis points, interest expense would decrease future earnings and cash flows by approximately $2.4 million annually, taking into account our existing contractual hedging arrangements.
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we expect to have $542.6 million of variable rate debt outstanding (or 40.5% of total indebtedness) with a weighted average interest rate of 5.72% per annum. If market rates of interest on our variable rate debt outstanding on a pro forma basis were to increase by 1.0%, or 100 basis points, interest expense would decrease future earnings and cash flows by approximately $0.5 million annually, taking into account our existing contractual hedging arrangements.
Our interest rate risk objectives are to limit the impact of interest rate fluctuations on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we manage our exposure to fluctuations in market interest rates through the use of fixed rate debt instruments to the extent that reasonably favorable rates are obtainable. We have entered into derivative financial instruments, such as interest rate swaps or caps, to mitigate our interest rate risk or to effectively lock the interest rate on a portion of our variable rate debt. We do not intend to enter into derivative or interest rate transactions for speculative purposes.
The following table provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates, including mortgage obligations and lines of credit. For debt obligations outstanding as of December 31, 2010, the following table presents principal repayments and related weighted average interest rates by contractual maturity dates (in thousands):
|
2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | Thereafter | Total | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed rate debt |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 205,689 | $ | 590,603 | $ | 796,292 | |||||||||
Weighted average interest rate |
| | | | 5.56 | % | 6.29 | % | 6.10 | % | |||||||||||||
Variable rate debt |
$ | 331,210 | $ | 288,575 | $ | 331,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 950,785 | |||||||||
Weighted average interest rate |
2.94 | % | 5.62 | % | 6.02 | % | | | | 4.83 | % | ||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 331,210 | $ | 288,575 | $ | 331,000 | $ | | $ | 205,689 | $ | 590,603 | $ | 1,747,077 | |||||||||
The foregoing table reflects indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2010 and does not consider indebtedness, if any, incurred or repaid after that date. As a result, our ultimate realized gain
82
or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on the exposures that arise during future periods, prevailing interest rates, and our hedging strategies at that time.
Changes in market interest rates on our fixed rate debt impact the fair value of the debt, but such changes have no impact on our combined consolidated financial statements. If interest rates rise, and our fixed rate debt balance remains constant, we expect the fair value of our debt to decrease. As of December 31, 2010, the estimated fair value of our fixed rate debt was $796.5 million, which is based on having the same debt service requirements that could have been borrowed at the date presented, at prevailing current market interest rates.
The following table provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates, including mortgage obligations and lines of credit. The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commitments on a pro forma basis as of December 31, 2010 to reflect the obligations and commitments that we expect to have upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions by expected maturity dates (in thousands):
|
2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | Thereafter | Total | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed rate debt |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 205,689 | $ | 590,603 | $ | 796,292 | |||||||||
Weighted average interest rate |
| | | | 5.56 | % | 6.29 | % | 6.10 | % | |||||||||||||
Variable rate debt |
$ | 211,586 | $ | | $ | 331,000 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 542,586 | |||||||||
Weighted average interest rate |
5.24 | % | | 6.02 | % | | | | 5.72 | % | |||||||||||||
Total |
$ | 211,586 | $ | | $ | 331,000 | $ | | $ | 205,689 | $ | 590,603 | $ | 1,338,878 | |||||||||
83
Our Company
We are a self-advised and self-administered Maryland real estate investment trust, which invests primarily in premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will own 140 hotels in 19 states and the District of Columbia comprising over 20,400 rooms. We will be one of the largest U.S. publicly-traded lodging REITs in terms of both number of hotels and number of rooms. Our initial hotels are concentrated in urban and dense suburban markets that we believe exhibit multiple demand generators and high barriers to entry. We believe focused-service and compact full-service hotels with these characteristics generate high levels of RevPAR, strong operating margins and attractive returns.
Our strategy is to invest primarily in premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. Focused-service and compact full-service hotels typically generate most of their revenue from room rentals, have limited food and beverage outlets and meeting space and require fewer employees than traditional full-service hotels. Although both focused-service hotels and compact full-service hotels share many of the same characteristics, focused-service hotels differ from compact full-service hotels in that they typically have less than 2,000 square feet of meeting space, if any at all, and offer services and amenities to a lesser extent than at typical compact full-service hotels. We believe premium-branded, focused-service hotels have the potential to generate attractive returns relative to other types of hotels due to their ability to achieve RevPAR levels at or close to those achieved by traditional full-service hotels while achieving higher profit margins due to their more efficient operating model and less volatile cash flows. We also may invest in compact full-service hotels, which have operating characteristics that resemble those of focused-service hotels. International lodging brands that are consistent with our premium-branded investment strategy include, among others, Courtyard by Marriott, Residence Inn by Marriott, Hilton Garden Inn, Homewood Suites by Hilton, Hyatt Place and Embassy Suites.
We believe that the current market environment presents attractive opportunities for us to acquire additional hotels with significant upside potential that are compatible with our investment strategy. We also believe that current lodging market fundamentals provide significant opportunities for RevPAR and EBITDA growth at our initial hotels. We believe that our senior management team's experience, extensive industry relationships and asset management expertise, coupled with our expected access to capital, will enable us to compete effectively for acquisition opportunities and help us generate strong internal growth.
We were formed to succeed to the hotel investment and ownership platform of RLJ Development and its two remaining lodging-focused private equity funds, Fund II and Fund III, which had total equity commitments of approximately $743.0 million and $1.2 billion, respectively. As part of our formation transactions, all of the existing investors in Fund II and Fund III will receive common shares and will continue to be equity owners of our company. We believe that the ongoing equity ownership in us by investors in Fund II and Fund III demonstrates their continued support of our senior management team, our investment and growth strategies and our operating model. We have in place an extensive investment and ownership platform, which is comprised of seasoned industry professionals and an efficient operating infrastructure that includes well-established systems and procedures.
Our senior management team, led by Robert L. Johnson, Executive Chairman of our board of trustees, and Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr., our Chief Executive Officer and President and a member of our board of trustees, has significant experience acquiring, financing, renovating, repositioning, redeveloping, asset managing and selling hotels. Prior to our formation, Messrs. Johnson and Baltimore founded RLJ Development, which sponsored and managed three lodging-focused private equity funds, including Fund II and Fund III. RLJ Development and the three funds collectively completed approximately $5.7 billion in hotel acquisitions and dispositions over the past decade. Prior to forming
84
RLJ Development, Mr. Johnson served on the board of directors of Hilton Hotels Corporation (now known as Hilton Worldwide) from 1994 to 2006, and Mr. Baltimore held senior management positions at Hilton Hotels Corporation, Marriott Corporation and Host Marriott Services Corporation.
Competitive Strengths
We believe we distinguish ourselves from other hotel owners through the following competitive strengths:
85
hotel management companies with demonstrated track records of success and proven management capabilities that we believe will work closely with us to maximize the performance of our hotels. In addition, we believe that utilizing multiple hotel management companies gives us access to diverse operating initiatives and best practices that we can utilize to enhance performance and operating margins across our entire portfolio. We believe that our use of independent hotel management companies also provides us with a greater number of acquisition opportunities for two primary reasons. First, independent hotel management companies may source potential transactions for us with the expectation that they will be awarded the hotel management agreement if we acquire the hotel. Second, we are able to consider acquiring hotels that are encumbered by management agreements with a hotel management company, in addition to hotels that may be acquired without an existing management agreement in place.
Our Investment and Growth Strategies
Our objective is to generate strong returns for our shareholders by investing primarily in premium-branded, focused-service hotels and compact full-service hotels at prices where we believe we can generate attractive returns on investment and generate long-term value appreciation through aggressive asset management. We intend to pursue this objective through the following investment and growth strategies:
Investment Strategies
86
Growth Strategies
The U.S. Lodging Industry and Market Opportunity
Following the global economic recession, the U.S. economy continues to show signs of recovery. In 2010, U.S. lodging industry fundamentals began to show improvement, a trend that industry analysts, including Colliers PKF Hospitality Research, expect to continue for the foreseeable future. While the U.S. lodging industry's operating performance has started to improve from trough levels, performance remains significantly below the peak levels achieved in 2007.
Lodging Fundamentals
According to Smith Travel Research, from August 2008 through February 2010, the U.S. lodging industry experienced 19 consecutive months of RevPAR declines, driven by a combination of deteriorating room night demand, increasing supply, and declining ADR. As measured by Smith Travel Research, hotel room night demand decreased 2.5% and 6.1% in 2008 and 2009, respectively, marking the greatest two-year decline in the past 22 years. Conversely, Smith Travel Research reported that room supply growth of 2.5% and 3.0% in 2008 and 2009, respectively, exceeded the 22-year average of 2.1%, as a significant amount of construction initiated prior to the economic downturn was completed. According to Smith Travel Research, for the year ended December 31, 2009, average annual hotel occupancy in the United States was 54.5%, representing the lowest annual level in the last 22 years and well below the industry average of 62.0% for that period. Due to the significant decline in occupancy in 2009, ADR was under extreme pressure and, as a result, declined 8.5%, according to data published by Smith Travel Research. These deteriorating fundamentals led to a combined 18.3% decline in RevPAR from the end of 2007 to the end of 2009, according to data published by Smith Travel Research.
Following a period of sustained job loss during 2008 and 2009, the U.S. unemployment rate, as measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, stabilized in 2010 and the overall economy continues to exhibit signs of recovery, with six consecutive quarters of positive growth in GDP according to the
87
Bureau of Economic Analysis. Although the U.S. lodging industry has historically lagged the broader economy, throughout 2010, hotel operating fundamentals had reacted strongly to the recent economic growth as key industry operating metrics had significantly improved. Since resuming a positive growth trend in March 2010, U.S. hotel RevPAR has increased in excess of 7.0% in each month from May 2010 to December 2010, according to data published by Smith Travel Research. Hotel room night demand for 2010 also increased 7.7% relative to 2009, according to data published by Smith Travel Research. In a further sign of recovery, hotel pricing power began to return to the market in 2010, as ADRs increased every month from May to December 2010, according to data published by Smith Travel Research. While operating fundamentals are recovering from the historically low levels witnessed during 2009, industry operating performance remains significantly below prior peak levels achieved in 2007.
We believe that until lodging occupancy levels return to long-term historical averages and lenders ease restrictions on construction financing, growth in room supply is likely to remain below the historical average. With limited new supply, we expect attractive RevPAR growth as the U.S. economy continues to strengthen. Colliers PKF Hospitality Research currently projects RevPAR growth of 7.1% in 2011, 8.9% in 2012, 9.3% in 2013 and 5.4% in 2014.
The U.S. lodging industry has historically experienced above average growth in years following economic downturns. Furthermore, the upscale chain scale, as defined by Smith Travel Research, which defines the majority of our initial hotels (including such brands as Courtyard by Marriott, Residence Inn by Marriott, Hilton Garden Inn, Homewood Suites by Hilton and Hyatt Place), typically outperforms the overall U.S. lodging industry during years of positive RevPAR growth. According to Smith Travel Research, after emerging from the 1990-1991 recession, hotels in the upscale chain scale averaged 5.8% RevPAR growth over the subsequent five-year period while the overall U.S. lodging industry averaged 4.6% RevPAR growth for the same period. Similarly, Smith Travel Research reports that, following the economic downturn from 2001 to 2002, RevPAR growth for the upscale chain scale averaged 6.7% during the subsequent four-year period, exceeding the growth rate of 6.2% for the overall U.S. lodging industry over the same period. We believe that, as the economy continues to emerge from the recent recession, a portfolio of well-capitalized upscale hotels should achieve significant growth. As illustrated in the chart below, Colliers PKF Hospitality Research is projecting positive RevPAR growth over the next four years.
Source: Colliers PKF Hospitality Research
88
Demand Overview
Room night demand in the U.S. lodging industry has historically been directly correlated with macroeconomic trends. Key drivers of this demand include growth in GDP, corporate profitability, capital investments and employment. The International Monetary Fund is forecasting U.S. GDP growth of 2.3% in 2011, and Colliers PKF Hospitality Research expects that hotel room night demand will grow by 4.0% during 2011. The following chart illustrates the historical correlation between U.S. GDP and hotel room night demand.
Annual Percentage Change in U.S. Hotel Room Demand vs. U.S. GDP Growth
Source: Smith Travel Research and U.S. Department of Commerce (1988-2010); Colliers PKF Hospitality Research and International Monetary Fund (2011E).
With expected growth in room night demand and limited new supply, occupancy is projected to increase from industry lows experienced in 2009, as demonstrated in the chart below.
U.S. Hotel Industry Annual Occupancy Rate
Source: Smith Travel Research (1988-2010); Colliers PKF Hospitality Research (2011-2014E).
Supply Overview
In general, new hotel development is often thought to be financially justifiable only when the national occupancy rate exceeds the long-term historical average. As a result, lodging supply growth
89
typically lags growth in hotel room night demand. Key drivers of lodging supply growth include the availability and cost of capital, construction costs, local real estate market conditions, room night availability and valuation of existing hotels. Given the decline in hotel room night demand in 2008 and 2009 and inefficiencies in the financing market, new hotel construction is expected to remain below historical averages through 2013, according to Colliers PKF Hospitality Research.
U.S. Hotel IndustryAnnual Historical and Projected Change in RevPar, Room Demand, and Room Supply
Source: Smith Travel Research (1988-2010); Colliers PKF Hospitality Research (2011-2014E).
90
Attractive Transaction Landscape
The significant decline in U.S. lodging fundamentals and subsequent erosion of cash flows has created a difficult environment for undercapitalized hotel owners. Delinquency rates on hotel-related commercial mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS, have steadily increased since November 2008, as many hotel owners have been unable to fund debt service payments. As of December 31, 2010, approximately 14.1% of all hotel-related CMBS (by principal) were delinquent compared to just 0.9% as of November 30, 2008, according to Standard & Poor's, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies. The following chart shows delinquency rates and amounts of hotel-related CMBS from November 2008 to December 2010.
Hotel CMBS Delinquency Rates and Amounts
Source: Standard & Poor's North American CMBS Monthly Snapshot.
91
Many hotel owners may be unable to fund the necessary (and often required) capital improvements to comply with brand standards or maintain a hotel's competitive position. Hotel owners may also face significant refinancing issues, with approximately $17.5 billion of hotel-related CMBS loans maturing in 2011. The following chart shows future maturities of hotel-related CMBS.
Source: Trepp as of January 24, 2011.
We believe that as a result of the recent economic downturn, traditional lending sources, such as banks, insurance companies and pension funds, have adopted more conservative lending policies and have materially reduced their lending exposure to hotels. We also believe that the significant number of hotels experiencing substantial declines in operating cash flow, coupled with the challenged credit markets, near-term debt maturities and, in some instances, covenant defaults relating to outstanding indebtedness, will present attractive investment opportunities for well-capitalized investors.
Focused-Service Market Opportunity
We believe that the current market environment presents particularly attractive acquisition opportunities within the focused-service hotel category. First, we believe that privately owned hotel companies have greater constraints on capital-raising than their public REIT competitors. Second, while there are a number of publicly-traded REITs that focus on acquiring hotels in the full-service sector, there are fewer publicly-traded REITs that primarily target the focused-service sector. According to Smith Travel Research, as of December 2010, there were an estimated four times as many focused-service hotels as full-service hotels within our targeted brand families operating in the United States. We believe that the combination of a relatively larger universe of acquisition targets, coupled with a smaller number of potential buyers, will create attractive acquisition opportunities. The following chart outlines the number of U.S. hotel properties in the upscale and upper midscale segments, or premium-
92
branded, focused-service category, relative to the upper-upscale segment for Hilton, Hyatt, and Marriott, international franchisors that best represent our initial hotels.
Source: Smith Travel Research. The "Premium Branded Focused-Service Hotels" category illustrated in the chart above, is a combination of Smith Travel Research's "upscale" and "upper midscale" chain scale segments.
Our Initial Hotels
Historical Overview
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will own a high-quality portfolio of 140 hotels located in 19 states and the District of Columbia comprising over 20,400 rooms. For the year ended December 31, 2010, the average occupancy rate for our initial hotels was 69.5%, and the ADR and RevPAR of our initial hotels was $118.23 and $82.19, respectively. No single hotel accounted for more than 8.7% of our total pro forma revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010.
We believe that the quality of our portfolio is evidenced by the RevPAR penetration index of 115.7 for our initial hotels for the year ended December 31, 2010 and portfolio-wide guest satisfaction scores that are consistently higher than the average industry scores for their respective brands.
93
The following table sets forth certain operating information for our initial hotels as of and for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 (excluding hotels that were not open at the end of the applicable period):
|
Year Ended or as of December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010(2) | 2009(3) | 2008(4) | |||||||
Statistical data(1): |
||||||||||
Number of hotels |
139 | 138 | 137 | |||||||
Number of rooms |
20,355 | 20,075 | 19,777 | |||||||
Occupancy(5) |
69.5 | % | 65.3 | % | 69.2 | % | ||||
ADR(6) |
$ | 118.23 | $ | 117.40 | $ | 132.93 | ||||
RevPAR(7) |
$ | 82.19 | $ | 76.64 | $ | 92.04 |
94
Geographic Diversification
We believe our initial hotels are geographically diverse. No MSA and no individual hotel accounted for more than 14.8% or 8.7%, respectively, of our total pro forma revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010. Our initial hotels located in the New York, New York, Chicago, Illinois, Austin, Texas, Denver-Boulder, Colorado, Louisville, Kentucky, and the Baltimore, Maryland-Washington, D.C. metropolitan areas accounted for approximately 14.8%, 13.2%, 10.6%, 9.6%, 6.9%, and 5.5%, respectively, of our total pro forma revenue for the year ended December 31, 2010. The following table shows the geographic diversification of our initial hotels as of the date of this prospectus as well as the percentage of our total pro forma revenue derived from each geographic region for the year ended December 31, 2010:
Region
|
Number of Hotels |
Number of Rooms |
Percentage of Total 2010 Pro Forma Revenue |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northeast |
7 | 2,160 | 19.4 | % | ||||||
Midwest |
45 |
5,592 |
22.4 |
% |
||||||
South |
63 |
9,305 |
43.1 |
% |
||||||
West |
25 |
3,431 |
15.1 |
% |
||||||
Total |
140 | 20,488 | 100 | % |
Operating Information
The following table shows certain operating information by region for our initial hotels for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008:
|
Year Ended or as of December 31, 2010 |
Year Ended or as of December 31, 2009 |
Year Ended or as of December 31, 2008 |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region
|
Occupancy (1) |
ADR (2) |
RevPAR (3) |
Occupancy (1) |
ADR (2) |
RevPAR (3) |
Occupancy (1) |
ADR (2) |
RevPAR (3) |
||||||||||||||||||||
Northeast |
87.1 | % | $ | 184.12 | $ | 160.31 | 84.3 | % | $ | 170.36 | $ | 143.66 | 84.8 | % | $ | 209.48 | $ | 177.70 | |||||||||||
Midwest |
66.2 | % | 101.50 | 67.22 | 61.0 | % | 103.18 | 62.96 | 66.2 | % | 119.51 | 79.16 | |||||||||||||||||
South |
67.8 | % | 114.18 | 77.42 | 65.4 | % | 115.86 | 75.78 | 69.0 | % | 129.07 | 89.11 | |||||||||||||||||
West |
68.8 | % | 104.57 | 71.93 | 61.7 | % | 105.93 | 65.36 | 67.5 | % | 120.54 | 81.31 | |||||||||||||||||
Total |
69.5 | % | $ | 118.23 | $ | 82.19 | 65.3 | % | $ | 117.40 | $ | 76.64 | 69.2 | % | $ | 132.93 | $ | 92.04 | |||||||||||
95
the nature of the customer base of a hotel or group of hotels. We use ADR to assess the pricing levels that we are able to generate, as changes in ADR have a greater impact on operating margins and profitability than changes in occupancy.
Brand Affiliations
Our initial hotels operate under strong, premium brands, with approximately 93% of our initial hotels operating under existing relationships with Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt. The following table sets forth the brand affiliations of our initial hotels:
Brand Affiliations
|
Number of Hotels |
Percentage of Total |
Number of Rooms |
Percentage of Total |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marriott |
||||||||||||||
Courtyard by Marriott |
32 | 22.9 | % | 4,223 | 20.6 | % | ||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott |
14 | 10.0 | % | 1,433 | 7.0 | % | ||||||||
Marriott |
6 | 4.3 | % | 1,834 | 9.0 | % | ||||||||
Renaissance |
3 | 2.1 | % | 782 | 3.8 | % | ||||||||
Residence Inn by Marriott |
33 | 23.6 | % | 3,607 | 17.6 | % | ||||||||
SpringHill Suites by Marriott |
11 | 7.9 | % | 1,354 | 6.6 | % | ||||||||
Subtotal |
99 | 70.8 | % | 13,233 | 64.6 | % | ||||||||
Hilton |
||||||||||||||
Doubletree |
2 | 1.4 | % | 911 | 4.5 | % | ||||||||
Embassy Suites |
4 | 2.9 | % | 950 | 4.6 | % | ||||||||
Hampton Inn/Hampton Inn & Suites |
9 | 6.4 | % | 1,115 | 5.4 | % | ||||||||
Hilton |
2 | 1.4 | % | 462 | 2.3 | % | ||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn |
6 | 4.3 | % | 1,174 | 5.7 | % | ||||||||
Homewood Suites |
2 | 1.4 | % | 301 | 1.5 | % | ||||||||
Subtotal |
25 | 17.8 | % | 4,913 | 24.0 | % | ||||||||
Hyatt |
||||||||||||||
Hyatt Summerfield Suites |
6 | 4.3 | % | 828 | 4.0 | % | ||||||||
Subtotal |
6 | 4.3 | % | 828 | 4.0 | % | ||||||||
Other Brand Affiliation/Independent(1) |
10 |
7.1 |
% |
1,514 |
7.4 |
% |
||||||||
Total |
140 | 100.0 | % | 20,488 | 100.0 | % | ||||||||
96
Our Initial Hotels
The following table provides a comprehensive list of our initial hotels. The table includes key metrics such as each hotel's brand, franchise affiliation, service level and geographic region:
Hotel
|
State | Region | Year Opened(1) |
Rooms | Brand Parent Company |
Brand | Service Level | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Courtyard Chicago Downtown/Magnificent Mile |
IL | Midwest | 2003 | 306 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Austin Downtown/Convention Center(2) |
TX | South | 2006 | 270 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Austin-University Area |
TX | South | 1987 | 198 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Houston by The Galleria |
TX | South | 2007 | 190 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Atlanta Buckhead |
GA | South | 1996 | 181 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Chicago Midway Airport |
IL | Midwest | 1997 | 174 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Chicago Schaumburg |
IL | Midwest | 2005 | 162 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Boulder Louisville |
CO | West | 1996 | 154 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Salt Lake City Airport |
UT | West | 1999 | 154 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Austin Airport |
TX | South | 2006 | 150 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Fort Wayne |
IN | Midwest | 1989 | 142 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Grand Junction |
CO | West | 2007 | 136 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Fort Lauderdale SW/Miramar |
FL | South | 2006 | 128 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Indianapolis at the Capitol |
IN | Midwest | 1997 | 124 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Louisville Northeast |
KY | South | 2004 | 114 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Merrillville |
IN | Midwest | 1987 | 112 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Houston Sugar Land |
TX | South | 1997 | 112 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Valparaiso |
IN | Midwest | 1985 | 111 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Austin South |
TX | South | 1996 | 110 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Denver West/Golden |
CO | West | 2000 | 110 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Detroit Pontiac/Bloomfield |
MI | Midwest | 1998 | 110 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Austin Northwest/Arboretum |
TX | South | 1996 | 102 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Dallas Mesquite |
TX | South | 1998 | 101 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Benton Harbor St. Joseph |
MI | Midwest | 1988 | 98 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Goshen |
IN | Midwest | 1989 | 91 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Tampa Brandon |
FL | South | 1997 | 90 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Denver Southwest/Lakewood |
CO | West | 1999 | 90 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Chicago Southeast/Hammond, IN |
IN | Midwest | 1997 | 85 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Grand Rapids Airport |
MI | Midwest | 1997 | 84 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard Boulder Longmont |
CO | West | 2002 | 78 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service |
97
Hotel
|
State | Region | Year Opened(1) |
Rooms | Brand Parent Company |
Brand | Service Level | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Courtyard South Bend Mishawaka |
IN | Midwest | 1995 | 78 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Courtyard San Antonio Airport/North Star Mall |
TX | South | 1996 | 78 | Marriott | Courtyard by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Washington, DC/Downtown (Red Roof Inn) |
DC | South | 1986 | 198 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Denver Cherry Creek |
CO | West | 1986 | 134 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites San Antonio Airport/North Star Mall |
TX | South | 1996 | 120 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago Midway Airport |
IL | Midwest | 1997 | 114 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Merrillville |
IN | Midwest | 1990 | 112 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites San Antonio Downtown/Market Square |
TX | South | 1995 | 110 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Tampa Brandon |
FL | South | 1997 | 107 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Key West |
FL | South | 1986 | 106 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Chicago Southeast/Hammond, IN |
IN | Midwest | 1997 | 94 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Indianapolis Airport |
IN | Midwest | 1994 | 86 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Austin South |
TX | South | 1995 | 63 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Austin-University Area |
TX | South | 1995 | 63 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Memphis |
TN | South | 1995 | 63 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Valparaiso |
IN | Midwest | 1996 | 63 | Marriott | Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Louisville Marriott Downtown(2) |
KY | South | 2005 | 616 | Marriott | Marriott | Full Service | ||||||||||
Auburn Hills Marriott Pontiac at Centerpoint |
MI | Midwest | 2000 | 290 | Marriott | Marriott | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Denver Marriott South at Park Meadows |
CO | West | 2003 | 279 | Marriott | Marriott | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Denver Airport Marriott at Gateway Park |
CO | West | 1998 | 238 | Marriott | Marriott | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Austin Marriott South |
TX | South | 2001 | 211 | Marriott | Marriott | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Chicago Marriott Midway |
IL | Midwest | 2002 | 200 | Marriott | Marriott | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Renaissance Pittsburgh Hotel |
PA | Northeast | 2001 | 300 | Marriott | Renaissance | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Renaissance Fort Lauderdale-Plantation Hotel |
FL | South | 2002 | 250 | Marriott | Renaissance | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Renaissance Boulder FlatIron Hotel |
CO | West | 2002 | 232 | Marriott | Renaissance | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin Downtown/Convention Center(2) |
TX | South | 2006 | 179 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn National Harbor Washington, DC |
MD | South | 2008 | 162 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Chicago Oak Brook(2) |
IL | Midwest | 2003 | 156 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Houston by The Galleria |
TX | South | 1994 | 146 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Louisville Downtown |
KY | South | 2005 | 140 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Fort Lauderdale Plantation |
FL | South | 1996 | 138 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Indianapolis Downtown on the Canal |
IN | Midwest | 1997 | 134 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Chicago Naperville/Warrenville |
IL | Midwest | 2003 | 130 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Fort Lauderdale SW/Miramar |
FL | South | 2006 | 130 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service |
98
Hotel
|
State | Region | Year Opened(1) |
Rooms | Brand Parent Company |
Brand | Service Level | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residence Inn Silver Spring |
MD | South | 2005 | 130 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Chicago Schaumburg |
IL | Midwest | 2001 | 125 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Indianapolis Carmel |
IN | Midwest | 2002 | 120 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Detroit Pontiac/Auburn Hills |
MI | Midwest | 1998 | 114 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Columbia |
MD | South | 1998 | 108 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Detroit Novi |
MI | Midwest | 2003 | 107 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Grand Junction |
CO | West | 2007 | 104 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Salt Lake City Airport |
UT | West | 1999 | 104 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Denver Southwest/Lakewood |
CO | West | 1998 | 102 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Louisville Northeast |
KY | South | 2000 | 102 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin Round Rock |
TX | South | 1999 | 96 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Indianapolis Airport |
IN | Midwest | 1994 | 95 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn San Antonio Downtown/Market Square |
TX | South | 1995 | 95 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin North/Parmer Lane |
TX | South | 2000 | 88 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Denver West/Golden |
CO | West | 2000 | 88 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Boulder Louisville |
CO | West | 2000 | 88 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin Northwest/Arboretum |
TX | South | 1996 | 84 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Boulder Longmont |
CO | West | 2002 | 84 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn South Bend |
IN | Midwest | 1988 | 80 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Indianapolis Fishers |
IN | Midwest | 1996 | 78 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Chicago Southeast/Hammond, IN |
IN | Midwest | 1998 | 78 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Merrillville |
IN | Midwest | 1996 | 78 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Houston Sugar Land |
TX | South | 1997 | 78 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin South |
TX | South | 1996 | 66 | Marriott | Residence Inn by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Denver North/Westminster |
CO | West | 2002 | 164 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Austin South |
TX | South | 2000 | 152 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Louisville Hurstbourne/North |
KY | South | 2001 | 142 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Austin North/Parmer Lane |
TX | South | 2002 | 132 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Chicago Schaumburg |
IL | Midwest | 2001 | 132 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Indianapolis Carmel |
IN | Midwest | 2002 | 126 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Gainesville |
FL | South | 2007 | 126 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Bakersfield |
CA | West | 2007 | 119 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Boulder Longmont |
CO | West | 2005 | 90 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service |
99
Hotel
|
State | Region | Year Opened(1) |
Rooms | Brand Parent Company |
Brand | Service Level | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SpringHill Suites South Bend Mishawaka |
IN | Midwest | 2001 | 87 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Detroit Southfield |
MI | Midwest | 2003 | 84 | Marriott | SpringHill Suites by Marriott | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City(3) |
NY | Northeast | 1962 | 759 | Hilton | Doubletree | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Doubletree Hotel Columbia |
MD | South | 1982 | 152 | Hilton | Doubletree | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Embassy Suites Tampa-Downtown Convention Center |
FL | South | 2006 | 360 | Hilton | Embassy Suites | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Embassy Suites Columbus |
OH | Midwest | 1984 | 221 | Hilton | Embassy Suites | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Embassy Suites Los Angeles-Downey |
CA | West | 1985 | 219 | Hilton | Embassy Suites | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Embassy Suites Fort Myers-Estero |
FL | South | 2006 | 150 | Hilton | Embassy Suites | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Hampton Inn Houston-Near The Galleria |
TX | South | 1995 | 176 | Hilton | Hampton Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hampton Inn Chicago-Midway Airport |
IL | Midwest | 1990 | 170 | Hilton | Hampton Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hampton Inn Garden City(2) |
NY | Northeast | 2006 | 143 | Hilton | Hampton Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hampton Inn West Palm Beach Central Airport |
FL | South | 2004 | 105 | Hilton | Hampton Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hampton Inn Ft. Walton Beach |
FL | South | 2000 | 100 | Hilton | Hampton Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hampton Inn Merrillville |
IN | Midwest | 1995 | 64 | Hilton | Hampton Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hampton Inn & Suites Clearwater/St. Petersburg-Ulmerton Road, FL |
FL | South | 2007 | 128 | Hilton | Hampton Inn & Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hampton Inn & Suites Denver Tech Center |
CO | West | 1999 | 123 | Hilton | Hampton Inn & Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hampton Inn & Suites Las Vegas-Red Rock/Summerlin |
NV | West | 2007 | 106 | Hilton | Hampton Inn & Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hilton New York/Fashion District (Fashion 26) |
NY | Northeast | 2010 | 280 | Hilton | Hilton | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Hilton Mystic |
CT | Northeast | 1986 | 182 | Hilton | Hilton | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn New York/West 35th Street |
NY | Northeast | 2009 | 298 | Hilton | Hilton Garden Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn New Orleans Convention Center |
LA | South | 2000 | 284 | Hilton | Hilton Garden Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn Chicago/Midway Airport |
IL | Midwest | 2005 | 174 | Hilton | Hilton Garden Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington(2) |
IN | Midwest | 2006 | 168 | Hilton | Hilton Garden Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn St. George |
UT | West | 2005 | 150 | Hilton | Hilton Garden Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn West Palm Beach Airport |
FL | South | 2007 | 100 | Hilton | Hilton Garden Inn | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Homewood Suites by Hilton Washington |
DC | South | 2001 | 175 | Hilton | Homewood Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Homewood Suites by Hilton Tampa-Brandon |
FL | South | 2006 | 126 | Hilton | Homewood Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hyatt Summerfield Suites Dallas/Lincoln Park |
TX | South | 2000 | 155 | Hyatt | Summerfield Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hyatt Summerfield Suites Houston/Galleria |
TX | South | 2000 | 147 | Hyatt | Summerfield Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hyatt Summerfield Suites Dallas/Uptown |
TX | South | 2000 | 141 | Hyatt | Summerfield Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hyatt Summerfield Suites Austin/Arboretum |
TX | South | 1999 | 130 | Hyatt | Summerfield Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hyatt Summerfield Suites Dallas/Richardson |
TX | South | 1997 | 130 | Hyatt | Summerfield Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hyatt Summerfield Suites Colorado Springs |
CO | West | 2000 | 125 | Hyatt | Summerfield Suites | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Crowne Plaza Hotel West Palm Beach |
FL | South | 1983 | 219 | InterContinental | Crowne Plaza | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Holiday Inn Austin-NW Plaza/Arboretum Area |
TX | South | 1984 | 194 | InterContinental | Holiday Inn | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Holiday Inn Select Grand Rapids Airport |
MI | Midwest | 2003 | 148 | InterContinental | Holiday Inn | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Holiday Inn Express Chicago-Midway Airport |
IL | Midwest | 1999 | 104 | InterContinental | Holiday Inn Express | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Holiday Inn Express Merrillville |
IN | Midwest | 1995 | 62 | InterContinental | Holiday Inn Express | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Hollywood Heights Hotel |
CA | West | 1975 | 160 | Independent | Independent | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Garden District Hotel(4) |
LA | South | 1955 | 133 | Independent | Independent | Focused Service | ||||||||||
Wyndham Pittsburgh |
PA | Northeast | 1970 | 198 | Wyndham | Wyndham | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Wyndham Raleigh Durham-Research Triangle Park |
NC | South | 1989 | 175 | Wyndham | Wyndham | Compact Full Service | ||||||||||
Sleep Inn Midway Airport |
IL | Midwest | 1995 | 121 | Choice Hotels | Sleep Inn | Focused Service |
100
Acquisition Pipeline
We believe that our senior management team's extensive network of relationships within the lodging industry will continue to provide us with access to an ongoing pipeline of attractive acquisition opportunities, many of which may not be available to our competitors. We have identified and are in various stages of reviewing and negotiating a number of additional potential hotel acquisition opportunities. As of 2011, we were actively reviewing potential hotel acquisitions having an aggregate transaction value in excess of $ million, based on our preliminary discussions with sellers and our internal assessment of the hotels' values. Although we are continuing to engage in discussions with sellers and have commenced the process of conducting diligence on some of these hotels or have submitted non-binding indications of interest, we have not agreed upon terms related to, or entered into binding commitments with respect to, any of these potential acquisition opportunities, and therefore do not believe any of these possible acquisitions are probable at this time. As such, there can be no assurance that we will consummate any of the potential acquisitions we are currently evaluating.
Our Financing Strategy
We expect to maintain a prudent capital structure, but do not have a targeted leverage range. Over time, we intend to finance our long-term growth with equity issuances and debt financing having staggered maturities. Initially, our debt will include mortgage debt secured by our hotels and unsecured debt. Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will have a mix of fixed and floating rate debt, though initially the majority of our debt will either bear interest at fixed rates or effectively bear interest at fixed rates due to interest rate hedges on the debt. Over time, we will seek to primarily utilize unsecured debt (with the goal of achieving an investment grade credit rating) and a greater percentage of fixed rate and hedged floating rate debt relative to unhedged floating rate debt.
Concurrently with the completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we anticipate entering into a revolving credit facility with affiliates of certain of the underwriters to fund future acquisitions, as well as for hotel redevelopments, renovations, expansions, and working capital requirements.
Regulation
General
Our initial hotels are subject to various U.S. federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, including regulations relating to common areas and fire and safety requirements. We believe that each of our initial hotels has the necessary permits and approvals to operate its business.
Americans with Disabilities Act
Our initial hotels must comply with applicable provisions of the ADA, to the extent that such hotels are "public accommodations" as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in certain public areas of our initial hotels where such removal is readily achievable. We believe that our initial hotels are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. However, non-compliance with the ADA could result in imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. The obligation to make readily achievable accommodations is an ongoing one, and we will continue to assess our hotels and to make alterations as appropriate in this respect.
101
Environmental Matters
Under various laws relating to the protection of the environment, a current or previous owner or operator (including tenants) of real estate may be liable for contamination resulting from the presence or discharge of hazardous or toxic substances at that property and may be required to investigate and clean up such contamination at that property or emanating from that property. These costs could be substantial and liability under these laws may attach without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of the contaminants, and the liability may be joint and several. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at our hotels may expose us to third-party liability or materially and adversely affect our ability to sell, lease or develop the real estate or to incur debt using the real estate as collateral.
Our hotels are subject to various federal, state, and local environmental, health and safety laws and regulations that address a wide variety of issues, including, but not limited to, storage tanks, air emissions from emergency generators, storm water and wastewater discharges, lead-based paint, mold and mildew and waste management. Our hotels incur costs to comply with these laws and regulations and could be subject to fines and penalties for non-compliance.
Some of our initial hotels contain asbestos-containing building materials. We believe that the asbestos is appropriately contained, in accordance with current environmental regulations and that we have no need for any immediate remediation or current plans to remove the asbestos. Environmental laws require that owners or operators of buildings with asbestos-containing building materials properly manage and maintain these materials, adequately inform or train those who may come into contact with asbestos and undertake special precautions, including removal or other abatement, in the event that asbestos is disturbed during building renovation or demolition. These laws may impose fines and penalties on building owners or operators for failure to comply with these requirements. In addition, third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators for personal injury associated with exposure to asbestos-containing building materials.
Some of our hotels may contain or develop harmful mold or suffer from other adverse conditions, which could lead to liability for adverse health effects and costs of remediation. The presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants at any of our hotels could require us to undertake a costly remediation program to contain or remove the mold or other airborne contaminants from the affected hotel or increase indoor ventilation. In addition, the presence of significant mold or other airborne contaminants could expose us to liability from guests or employees at our hotels and others if property damage or health concerns arise.
Insurance
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will carry comprehensive general liability, fire, extended coverage, business interruption, rental loss coverage and umbrella liability coverage on all of our initial hotels and earthquake, wind, flood and hurricane coverage on hotels in areas where we believe such coverage is warranted, in each case with limits of liability that we deem adequate. Similarly, we will be insured against the risk of direct physical damage in amounts we believe to be adequate to reimburse us, on a replacement basis, for costs incurred to repair or rebuild each hotel, including loss of rental income during the reconstruction period. We will select policy specifications and insured limits which we believe to be appropriate given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice. We will not carry insurance for generally uninsured losses, including, but not limited to losses caused by riots, war or acts of God. In the opinion of our management, our initial hotels will be adequately insured upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions.
102
Competition
The U.S. lodging industry is highly competitive. Our hotels compete with other hotels for guests in each of their markets on the basis of several factors, including, among others, location, quality of accommodations, convenience, brand affiliation, room rates, service levels and amenities, and level of customer service. Competition is often specific to the individual markets in which our hotels are located and includes competition from existing and new hotels operated under premium brands in the focused-service and full-service segments. We believe that hotels, such as our initial hotels, that are affiliated with leading national brands, such as the Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt brands, will enjoy the competitive advantages associated with opearting under such brands. Increased competition could harm our occupancy and revenues and may require us to provide additional amenities or make capital improvements that we otherwise would not have to make, which may materially and adversely affect our operating results and liquidity.
We face competition for the acquisition of hotels from institutional pension funds, private equity funds, REITs, hotel companies and others who are engaged in the acquisition of hotels. Some of these competitors have substantially greater financial and operational resources and access to capital than we have and may have greater knowledge of the markets in which we seek to invest. This competition may reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us and decrease the attractiveness of the terms on which we may acquire our targeted hotel investments, including the cost thereof.
Third-Party Agreements
Hotel Management Agreements
Each of our initial hotels is operated pursuant to a hotel management agreement with one of 15 independent hotel management companies. Each hotel management company receives a base management fee and is also eligible to receive an incentive management fee if hotel operating income, as defined in the respective management agreement, exceeds certain thresholds. The incentive management fee is generally calculated as a percentage of hotel operating income after we have received a priority return on our investment in the hotel. See "Our Principal AgreementsHotel Management Agreements," for more information related to our hotel management agreements.
Franchise Agreements
All of our initial hotels, except for four Marriott-managed hotels and two independent hotels, operate under franchise agreements that allow such hotels to operate under their respective brands, such as Marriott or Hilton. Pursuant to the franchise agreements, we pay a royalty fee, plus additional fees for marketing, central reservation systems and other franchisor costs. Certain hotels are also charged a royalty fee based on food and beverage revenues. See "Our Principal AgreementsFranchise Agreements," for more information related to our franchise agreements. The Marriott-managed initial hotels are subject to management agreements with Marriott that allow such hotels to operate under the Marriott brand name and provide benefits typically associated with franchise agreements, including, among others, the use of Marriott's reservation system and guest loyalty program.
Ground Leases
Six of our initial hotels are subject to ground leases that cover all of the land underlying the respective hotel. See "Our Principal AgreementsGround Leases," for more information related to our ground leases.
103
Our Indebtedness
We intend to use substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering to repay approximately $ million in existing indebtedness as part of our formation transactions (based on outstanding principal balances at December 31, 2010). For more information regarding the indebtedness expected to be outstanding upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions (including the application of the net proceeds of this offering as set forth under "Use of Proceeds"), see "See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesIndebtedness to be Outstanding after this Offering."
Wachovia Loans
Upon the completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we expect to assume a pool of loans, which we refer to as the Wachovia loans, between various property-owning subsidiaries of Fund II (as borrowers) and Wachovia Bank, National Association (as lender), which matures in July 2016. The Wachovia loans, which had an outstanding principal balance of approximately $499.1 million at December 31, 2010, are secured on a cross-collateralized basis by 43 of our initial hotels and are subject to mortgages or deeds of trusts containing substantially the same terms. The pool of Wachovia loans is split into eight tranches, with each tranche having substantially the same terms and bearing interest at a fixed rate of 6.29% per annum. Since January 2010, the Wachovia loans have begun to amortize.
The Wachovia loans include customary events of default, in certain cases subject to reasonable and customary periods to cure, including but not limited to: failure to make payments when due; breach of covenants; breach of representations and warranties; insolvency proceedings; and the occurrence of defaults beyond applicable notice and grace periods under any applicable franchise agreements or operating leases. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the lender may, at its option, declare all outstanding principal and accrued interest immediately due and payable and exercise all rights and remedies available to it with respect to the 43 hotels securing the applicable Wachovia loans.
The foregoing summary of the Wachovia loans does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the terms contained in the form of the Wachovia mortgage and note, copies of which are filed as exhibits to this registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Term Loan
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we expect to assume an unsecured term loan between a subsidiary of Fund III (as borrower), Wells Fargo Bank, National Association (as administrative agent) and the various lenders party thereto, pursuant to which we borrowed an aggregate principal amount of $140 million. The term loan, which matures on September 30, 2011 and requires monthly interest-only payments until the maturity date, bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.25%. The term of the loan may be extended for two additional six-month periods at our option (subject to our prior satisfaction of certain conditions, including maintenance of specified debt service coverage ratios and advance notice of our intention to exercise the extension). As of the date of this prospectus, the outstanding balance and the effective interest rate (giving effect to a LIBOR floor) of the term loan was $140 million and 5.25% per annum, respectively.
Under the term loan, we are subject to various negative covenants, including, among others, covenants that restrict our ability to incur additional indebtedness, declare or make distributions during an event of default or engage in or permit a change in control. We also are required to maintain a certain number of unencumbered hotels in the borrowing base and are subject to restrictions on our
104
ability to sell certain of our initial hotels. In addition, we are required to comply with the following financial covenants under the term loan:
As of the date of this prospectus, we were in compliance with all of the foregoing financial covenants. On a pro forma basis (after giving effect to the application of the net proceeds of this offering as set forth under "Use of Proceeds") as of December 31, 2010, our leverage ratio, fixed charge coverage ratio and net worth were 0.43:1.00, 2.00:1:00 and approximately $1.7 billion, respectively.
The term loan also includes customary events of default, in certain cases subject to reasonable and customary periods to cure, including but not limited to: failure to make payments when due; breach of covenants; breach of representations and warranties; insolvency proceedings; and certain judgments. The occurrence of an event of default may result in the termination of the term loan or acceleration of our repayment obligations, and would limit our ability to make distributions to our shareholders. In addition, to the extent an event of default exists and is continuing under the term loan, we will be obligated to pay a default rate equal to the then-current interest rate applicable to our borrowings under the term loan plus 5%.
Employees
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we expect initially to employ approximately 50 persons, all of whom are current employees or principals of RLJ Development.
Corporate Information
Our principal executive offices are located at 3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1000, Bethesda, MD 20814. Our telephone number is (301) 280-7777. We have reserved the website located at www. . The information that will be found on or accessible through our website is not incorporated into, and does not form a part of, this prospectus or any other report or document that we file with or furnish to the SEC. We have included our website address in this prospectus as an inactive textual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to our website.
105
Hotel Management Agreements
In order to qualify as a REIT, we cannot directly or indirectly operate any of our hotels. We will lease our hotels to TRS lessees, which will in turn engage property managers to manage our hotels. Each of our initial hotels will be operated pursuant to a hotel management agreement with one of 15 independent hotel management companies. Each hotel management company will receive a base management fee and also will be eligible to receive an incentive management fee upon the achievement of certain financial benchmarks set forth in each applicable management agreement. The incentive management fee is generally calculated as a percentage of hotel operating profit after we have received a priority return on our investment in the hotel. WLS, a fully-integrated owner, developer and manager of premium-brand hotels, is the management company for 104 of our initial hotels and the remaining hotels are managed by 14 other hotel management companies located in the United States. Below is a summary of the principal terms of the hotel management agreements with WLS and a general overview of our non-WLS hotel management agreements.
WLS Hotel Management Agreements
Our TRS lessees, as lessees of the respective hotels, have entered into hotel management agreements with WLS for 104 of our initial hotels. This summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the form of the WLS hotel management agreement filed as an exhibit to this registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Term
Ninety-nine of our WLS hotel management agreement contain initial terms of twenty years (with an average remaining term of approximately 16 years) and are subject to two automatic renewal terms of ten years each, while the remaining five WLS hotel management agreements contain initial terms of ten years (with an average remaining term of approximately seven years) and are subject to two automatic renewal terms of five years each.
Amounts Payable under our WLS Hotel Management Agreements
Under the WLS hotel management agreements, WLS receives a base management fee and, if certain financial thresholds are met or exceeded, an incentive management fee. The base management fee ranges between 3.0% and 3.5% of gross hotel revenues for the applicable hotel. Gross hotel revenue is calculated as all hotel revenue before subtracting expenses. The incentive management fee, which is calculated on a per hotel basis, is 15% of operating profit (as defined in the applicable management agreements) remaining after we receive an annual payment equal to 11% of our total capital investment, including debt, in the applicable hotels. We also pay certain computer support and accounting service fees to WLS, as reflected in each hotel management agreement.
Termination Events
Performance Termination. We have structured our WLS management agreements to align our interests with those of WLS by providing us with a right to terminate a WLS management agreement if WLS fails to achieve certain criteria relating to the performance of a hotel under WLS management, as measured with respect to any two consecutive fiscal years. We may initiate a performance termination if, during any two consecutive year period, (1) an independent hotel consulting expert, agreed to by both WLS and us, determines that the operating profit of the affected hotel is less than the operating profit of comparable hotels as determined by the independent hotel consulting expert, and (2) the RevPAR penetration index fails to exceed a specified RevPAR penetration index threshold, as set forth in the applicable management agreement. WLS has the right, which can be exercised no more than three times per hotel, to avoid a performance termination by paying an amount equal to the amount that the operating profit fell below the annual operating budgets for the relevant performance
106
termination period, as reflected in each WLS management agreement, or by agreeing to offset the operating budget difference against future management fees due to WLS.
Early Termination for Casualty/Condemnation or Cause. Subject to certain qualifications and applicable cure periods, the hotel management agreements are generally terminable by either party upon material casualty or condemnation of the hotel or the occurrence of certain customary events of default, including, among others: the bankruptcy or insolvency of either party; the failure of either party to make a payment when due, and failure to cure such non-payment after due notice; failure by us to provide WLS with sufficient working capital to operate the hotel after due notice; breach by either party of covenants or obligations under a WLS hotel management agreement; and failure by us to complete work approved or required under the terms of the hotel's franchise agreement and the applicable WLS management agreement.
If an event of default occurs and continues beyond the grace period set forth in the WLS hotel management agreement, the non-defaulting party generally has, among other remedies, the option of terminating the applicable hotel management agreement, upon at least 30 days' written notice to the other party.
Early Termination by WLSLiquidated Damages. In the event that WLS elects to terminate a WLS hotel management agreement due to an event of default by us, WLS may elect to recover a termination fee, as liquidated damages, equal to 2.5 times the actual base management fee and incentive management fee earned by WLS under that hotel management agreement in the fiscal year immediately preceding the fiscal year in which such termination occurred.
Sale of a Hotel
Each WLS hotel management agreement provides that we cannot sell the applicable hotel to any unrelated third party or engage in certain change of control actions (1) if we are in default under the hotel management agreement or (2) with or to a person or entity that is known in the community as being of bad moral character or has been convicted of a felony or is in control of or controlled by persons convicted of a felony or would be in violation of any franchise agreement requirements applicable to us. Each WLS hotel management agreement further requires that any future owner of the applicable hotel, at the option of WLS, assume the WLS hotel management agreement or enter into a new WLS hotel management agreement for such hotel.
Other Hotel Management Agreements
Thirty-six of our initial hotels are managed by 14 hotel management companies other than WLS. Each of these hotels is subject to a hotel management agreement that contains customary terms and conditions that generally are similar to the provisions found in the WLS hotel management agreements described above. The hotel management agreements generally have initial terms that range from one to 10 years, and some provide for one or two automatic extension periods ranging from five to 10 years. In addition, each hotel management company receives a base management fee ranging from 2.5% to 7% of gross hotel revenues and an incentive management fee ranging from 10% to 25% of available cash flow (or other similar metric) as set forth in the applicable management agreement, calculated on a per hotel basis, generally equal to the operating profit of the hotel after deducting a priority return to us based upon a percentage of our total capital investment in the hotels. Each of the non-WLS hotel management agreements also provides us with a right to terminate such management agreement if the hotel management company fails to reach certain performance targets (as provided in the applicable management agreement) or provides us with a right to terminate the management agreement in our sole and absolute discretion. In addition, certain management agreements give us the right to terminate the management agreement upon the sale of the hotel or for any reason upon payment of a stipulated termination fee. The performance targets vary, but generally provide us with the right to terminate the applicable hotel management agreement if the operating profit of the hotel is less than 90% to 95% of the budget targets set forth pursuant to such management agreement and/or the RevPAR is less than
107
90% to 115% of comparable hotels. The hotel management agreements are also generally terminable by either party upon material casualty or condemnation of the hotel or the occurrence of certain customary events of default.
Franchise Agreements
We intend to assume existing franchise agreements with each of the franchisors with which each of our initial hotels are currently affiliated or, in the case of Marriott, enter into new franchise agreements. As of the date of this prospectus, 95, 25 and 6 of our initial hotels operate under franchise agreements with Marriott, Hilton and Hyatt, respectively. Of the remaining 14 of our initial hotels, 8 hotels operate under existing franchise agreements with brands other than Marriott, Hilton or Hyatt, 2 hotels are not subject to a franchise agreement and 4 hotels receive the benefits of a franchise agreement pursuant to management agreements with Marriott. Following the completion of this offering, we expect to brand or re-brand 5 of these 14 hotels into brands affiliated with Hilton or InterContinental, which will result in us entering into new franchise agreements with respect to each of these hotels.
Franchisors provide a variety of benefits to franchisees, including centralized reservation systems, national advertising, marketing programs and publicity designed to increase brand awareness, training of personnel and maintenance of operational quality at hotels across the brand system. The franchise agreements generally specify management, operational, record-keeping, accounting, reporting and marketing standards and procedures with which our TRS lessees, as the franchisees, must comply. The franchise agreements obligate our TRS lessees to comply with the franchisors' standards and requirements, including training of operational personnel, safety, maintaining specified insurance, the types of services and products ancillary to guest room services that may be provided by the TRS lessee, display of signage and the type, quality and age of furniture, fixtures and equipment included in guest rooms, lobbies and other common areas. Each of the existing franchise agreements for our initial hotels require that we pay a royalty fee of between 3% and 6% of the gross room revenue of the hotels and, for certain full service hotels, on food and beverage revenue. We also must pay marketing, reservation or other program fees ranging between 0.4% and 4.3% of gross room revenue. In addition, under certain of our franchise agreements, the franchisor may require that we renovate guest rooms and public facilities from time to time to comply with then-current brand standards.
The franchise agreements also provide for termination at the applicable franchisor's option upon the occurrence of certain events, including failure to pay royalties and fees or to perform other obligations under the franchise license, bankruptcy and abandonment of the franchise or a change in control. The TRS lessee that is the franchisee is responsible for making all payments under the applicable franchise agreement to the franchisor; however we are required to guarantee the obligations under each of the franchise agreements. In addition, many of our existing franchise agreements provide the franchisor with a right of first offer in the event of certain sales or transfers of a hotel and provide that the franchisor has the right to approve any change in the hotel management company engaged to manage the hotel.
TRS Leases
In order for us to qualify as a REIT, neither our company nor any of our subsidiaries, including the operating partnership, may directly or indirectly operate our initial hotels. Subsidiaries of our operating partnership, as lessors, lease our initial hotels to our TRS lessees, which, in turn, are parties to the existing hotel management agreements with third-party hotel management companies for each of our initial hotels. The TRS leases for our initial hotels contain the provisions described below. We intend that leases with respect to hotels acquired in the future will contain substantially similar provisions to those described below; however, we may, in our discretion, alter any of these provisions with respect to any particular lease.
108
Lease Terms
Leases have initial terms that range from three to five years and a majority of the leases can be renewed by our TRS lessees for three successive five-year renewal terms unless the lessee is in default at the expiration of the then-current term. In addition, our TRS leases are subject to early termination by us in the event that we sell the hotel to an unaffiliated party, a change in control occurs or applicable provisions of the Code are amended to permit us to operate our hotels. Our leases are also subject to early termination upon the occurrence of certain events of default and/or other contingencies described in the lease.
Amounts Payable under the Leases
During the term of each TRS lease, our TRS lessees are obligated to pay us a fixed annual base rent plus a percentage rent and certain other additional charges that our TRS lessees agree to pay under the terms of the respective TRS lease. Percentage rent is calculated based on revenues generated from guest rooms, food and beverage sales, and certain other sources, including meeting rooms and movie rentals. Base rent is paid to us monthly, any percentage rent is paid to us quarterly, and any additional charges are paid to us when due.
Other than certain capital expenditures for the building and improvements, which are obligations of the lessor, the leases require our TRS lessees to pay rent, all costs and expenses, franchise fees, ground rent (if applicable), property taxes and certain insurance, and all utility and other charges incurred in the operation of the hotels they lease. The leases also provide for rent reductions and abatements in the event of damage to, or destruction or a partial taking of, any hotel.
Maintenance and Modifications
Under each TRS lease, the TRS lessee may, at its expense, make additions, modifications or improvements to the hotel that it deems desirable and that we approve. In addition, our TRS lessees are required, at their expense, to maintain the hotels in good order and repair, except for ordinary wear and tear, and to make repairs that may be necessary and appropriate to keep the hotel in good order and repair. Under the TRS lease, we are responsible for maintaining, at our cost, any underground utilities or structural elements, including exterior walls and the roof of the hotel (excluding, among other things, windows and mechanical, electrical and plumbing systems). Each TRS lessee when and as required to meet the standards of the applicable hotel management agreement, any applicable hotel franchise agreement or to satisfy the requirements of any lender, must establish an FF&E reserve in an amount equal to up to 5% of room revenue for the purpose of periodically repairing, replacing or refurbishing furnishings and equipment.
Events of Default
Events of default under each of the leases include, among others: the failure by a TRS lessee to pay rent when due; the breach by a TRS lessee of a covenant, condition or term under the lease, subject to the applicable cure period; the bankruptcy or insolvency of a TRS lessee; cessation of operations by a TRS lessee on the leased hotel for more than 30 days, except as a result of damage, destruction, or a partial or complete condemnation; or the default by a TRS lessee under a franchise agreement subject to any applicable cure period.
Termination of Leases on Disposition of the Hotels or Change of Control
In the event that we sell a hotel to a non-affiliate or a change of control occurs, we generally have the right to terminate the lease by paying the applicable TRS lessee a termination fee to be governed by the terms and conditions of the lease.
109
Ground Leases
Six of our initial hotels are subject to ground leases that cover the land underlying the respective hotels.
The foregoing ground leases and ground sub-leases generally require us to pay all charges, costs, expenses, assessments and liabilities relating to ownership and operation of the properties, including real property taxes and utilities, and to obtain and maintain insurance covering the subject property.
110
Our Trustees, Trustee Nominees, Executive Officers and Key Employees
Upon completion of this offering, our board of trustees will consist of seven members, a majority of whom are independent within the meaning of the corporate governance listing standards of the NYSE. Pursuant to our organizational documents, each of our trustees is elected by our shareholders to serve until the next annual meeting of our shareholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Our bylaws provide that a majority of the entire board of trustees may at any time increase or decrease the number of trustees. However, unless our declaration of trust and bylaws are amended, the number of trustees may never be less than two nor more than 15.
The following table sets forth certain information concerning our executive officers and trustees upon completion of this offering:
Name
|
Age | Position | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Robert L. Johnson |
65 | Executive Chairman of the Board | |||
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
47 | Chief Executive Officer, President and Trustee | |||
Leslie D. Hale |
39 | Chief Financial Officer | |||
Ross H. Bierkan |
51 | Chief Investment Officer | |||
|
Trustee Nominee* | ||||
|
Trustee Nominee* | ||||
|
Trustee Nominee* | ||||
|
Trustee Nominee* | ||||
|
Trustee Nominee* |
Biographical Summaries of Executive Officers and Trustees
Robert L. Johnson will serve as the Executive Chairman of our board of trustees. Prior to the formation of our company, Mr. Johnson co-founded and served as the chairman of RLJ Development and The RLJ Companies, which owns or holds interests in a diverse portfolio of companies in the banking, private equity, real estate, film production, gaming and automobile dealership industries. Prior to co-founding RLJ Development in 2000, he was founder and chairman of Black Entertainment Television, or BET, which was acquired in 2001 by Viacom Inc., a media-entertainment holding company. Mr. Johnson continued to serve as chief executive officer of BET until 2006. He currently serves on the boards of directors of KB Home (NYSE: KBH), the Lowe's Companies, Inc. (NYSE: LOW) and Strayer Education, Inc. (NASDAQ: STRA). He was a director of Hilton Hotels Corporation, a global lodging company, and US Airways Group, Inc. until 2006 and 2005, respectively. Mr. Johnson received his Bachelor of Arts from the University of Illinois and his Masters of Public Administration from Princeton University.
Our board of trustees determined that Mr. Johnson should serve on our board of trustees based on his experience as a successful business leader and entrepreneur, as well as his experience in a number of critical areas, including real estate, finance, brand development and multicultural marketing.
Thomas J. Baltimore Jr. will serve as the Chief Executive Officer and President of our company and a member of our board of trustees. Prior to the formation of our company, Mr. Baltimore co-founded RLJ Development and has served as its president since 2000. During this time period, RLJ Development raised and invested more than $2 billion in equity. Previously, Mr. Baltimore served as vice president of gaming acquisitions of Hilton Hotels Corporation from 1997 to 1998 and later as vice president of development and finance from 1999 to 2000. He also served in various management positions with Marriott Corporation and Host Marriott Services Corporation, including vice president
111
of business development from 1994 to 1996. Mr. Baltimore currently serves on the boards of directors of Prudential Financial, Inc. (NYSE: PRU), Duke Realty Corporation (NYSE: DRE) and Integra Life Services Company (NASDAQ: IART). Mr. Baltimore received his Bachelor of Science degree and his Masters of Business Administration from the University of Virginia.
Our board of trustees determined that Mr. Baltimore should serve as a trustee based on his extensive knowledge of our company and his experience and relationships in the lodging industry.
Leslie D. Hale will serve as the Chief Financial Officer of our company. Ms. Hale has served as chief financial officer and senior vice president of real estate and finance of RLJ Development since 2007. Prior to that, she was the vice president of real estate and finance for RLJ Development from 2006 to September 2007 and director of real estate and finance until her 2006 promotion. In these positions, Ms. Hale was responsible for the finance, tax, treasury and portfolio management functions as well as executing all real estate transactions. From 2002 to 2005, she held several positions within the global financial services division of General Electric Corp. including as a vice president in the business development group of GE Commercial Finance, and as an associate director in the GE Real Estate strategic capital group. Prior to that, she was an investment banker at Goldman, Sachs & Co. Ms. Hale received her Bachelor of Business Administration from Howard University and her Masters of Business Administration from Harvard University.
Ross H. Bierkan will serve as the Chief Investment Officer of our company. Mr. Bierkan has served as a principal and executive vice president of RLJ Development since 2000. In this capacity he has been responsible for overseeing all real estate acquisitions. Previously, Mr. Bierkan was a co-founder of The Plasencia Group, a hospitality transaction and consulting group, and from 1993 to 2000 served as its vice president, with responsibility for providing market studies, property analyses and investment sales for institutional hotel owners. Before co-founding The Plasencia Group, Mr. Bierkan worked with Grubb and Ellis Real Estate, a commercial real estate brokerage. From 1982 to 1988, he held various operational and sales management positions for Guest Quarters Hotels (now the Doubletree Guest Suites). Mr. Bierkan also serves on the advisory boards for Springhill Suites by Marriott and Hyatt Summerfield Suites. Mr. Bierkan received his Bachelor of Arts from Duke University.
Corporate Governance Profile
We have structured our corporate governance in a manner we believe aligns our interests with those of our shareholders. Notable features of our corporate governance structure include the following:
Our trustees will stay informed about our business by attending meetings of our board of trustees and its committees and through supplemental reports and communications. Our independent trustees will meet regularly in executive sessions without the presence of our corporate officers or non-independent trustees.
112
Role of Our Board in Risk Oversight
One of the key functions of our board of trustees will be informed oversight of our risk management process. Our board of trustees will administer this oversight function directly, with support from its three standing committees, our audit committee, our nominating and corporate governance committee and our compensation committee, each of which will address risks specific to their respective areas of oversight. For example, our audit committee has the responsibility to consider and discuss our major financial risk exposures and the steps our management has taken to monitor and control these exposures, including guidelines and policies to govern the process by which risk assessment and management is undertaken. Our audit committee also will monitor compliance with legal and regulatory requirements and oversee the performance of our internal audit function. Our nominating and corporate governance committee will monitor the effectiveness of our corporate governance guidelines, including whether they are successful in preventing illegal or improper liability-creating conduct. Our compensation committee will assess and monitor whether any of our compensation policies and programs has the potential to encourage excessive risk-taking.
Our board of trustees and its standing committees also will hear reports from the members of management responsible for the matters considered in order to enable our board of trustees and each committee to understand and discuss risk identification and risk management.
Board Committees
Upon completion of this offering, our board of trustees will establish the three standing committees as noted above. The principal functions of each of these committees, which will consist solely of independent trustees, are briefly described below. Our board of trustees may from time to time establish other committees to facilitate our management.
Audit Committee
Upon completion of this offering, our audit committee will be comprised of , and , with serving as our chairperson. We expect that the chairperson of our audit committee will qualify as an "audit committee financial expert" as that term is defined by the applicable SEC regulations and NYSE corporate governance listing standards. We expect that our board of trustees will determine that each audit committee member is "financially literate" as that term is defined by the NYSE corporate governance listing standards. Prior to completion of this offering, we expect to adopt an audit committee charter, which will detail the principal functions of our audit committee, including oversight related to:
Our audit committee also will be responsible for engaging an independent registered public accounting firm, reviewing with the independent registered public accounting firm the plans and results of the audit engagement, approving professional services provided by the independent registered public
113
accounting firm, including all audit and non-audit services, reviewing the independence of the independent registered public accounting firm, considering the range of audit and non-audit fees and reviewing the adequacy of our internal accounting controls. Our audit committee also will prepare the audit committee report required by SEC regulations to be included in our annual proxy statement.
Compensation Committee
Upon completion of this offering, our compensation committee will be comprised of , and , with serving as our chairperson. Prior to completion of this offering, we expect to adopt a compensation committee charter, which will detail the principal functions of our compensation committee, including:
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Upon completion of this offering, our nominating and corporate governance committee will be comprised of , and , with serving as our chairperson. Prior to completion of this offering, we expect to adopt a nominating and corporate governance committee charter, which will detail the principal functions of our nominating and corporate governance committee, including:
114
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics
Upon completion of this offering, our board of trustees will adopt a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our trustees, executive officers and other employees. Among other matters, our code of business conduct and ethics will be designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote:
Any waiver of the code of business conduct and ethics for our executive officers or trustees will require approval by a majority of our independent trustees, and any such waiver will require prompt disclosure as required by law or NYSE regulations.
Executive Compensation
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
We believe that the primary goal of executive compensation is to align the interests of our executive officers with those of our shareholders in a way that allows us to attract and retain the best executive talent. Our board of trustees has not yet formed our compensation committee. Accordingly, we have not adopted compensation policies with respect to, among other things, setting base salaries, awarding bonuses or making future grants of equity awards to our executive officers. We anticipate that our compensation committee, once formed, will design a compensation program that rewards, among other things, favorable shareholder returns, share appreciation, our company's competitive position within our segment of the real estate industry and each executive officer's long-term career contributions to our company. We expect that compensation incentives designed to further these goals will take the form of annual cash compensation and equity awards, and long-term cash and equity incentives measured by performance targets to be established by our compensation committee. In addition, our compensation committee may determine to make awards to new executive officers in order to attract talented professionals to serve us. We will pay base salaries and annual bonuses and expect to make equity grants under our equity incentive plan to our executive officers, effective upon completion of this offering. These awards under our equity incentive plan will be granted to recognize such individuals' efforts on our behalf in connection with our formation and this offering and to provide a retention element to their compensation. Our "named executive officers" during 2011 are expected to be: Robert L. Johnson, our Executive Chairman; Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr., our Chief Executive Officer, President and member of our board of trustees; Leslie D. Hale, our Chief Financial Officer; and Ross H. Bierkan, our Chief Investment Officer.
115
Elements of Executive Officer Compensation
The following is a summary of the elements of and amounts expected to be paid under our compensation plans for fiscal year 2011 to our executive officers. Because we were only recently formed, meaningful individual compensation information is not available for prior periods. In addition, no compensation will be paid by us in 2011 to our executive officers until completion of this offering.
The anticipated annualized 2011 compensation for each of our executive officers listed in the table below was determined based on a review of publicly disclosed compensation packages of executives of other public real estate companies and other information provided to us by The Schonbraun McCann Group LLP, our compensation consultant. Our executive officers will enter into employment agreements upon completion of this offering and will continue to be parties to such employment agreements for their respective terms or until such time as our compensation committee determines in its discretion that revisions to such employment agreements are advisable and our company and the executive officers agree to the proposed revisions.
Annual Base Salary
Base salary will be designed to compensate our executive officers at a fixed level of compensation that serves as a retention tool throughout the executive's career. In determining base salaries, we expect that our compensation committee will consider each executive officer's role and responsibility, unique skills, future potential with our company, salary levels for similar positions in our core markets and internal pay equity.
Annual Cash Bonus
Annual cash bonuses will be designed to incentivize our executive officers at a variable level of compensation based on the performance of both our company and such individual. In connection with our annual cash bonus program, we expect that our compensation committee will determine annual performance criteria that are flexible and that change with the needs of our business. Our annual cash bonus plan will be designed to reward the achievement of specific, pre-established financial and operational objectives.
Equity Awards
We will provide equity awards pursuant to our equity incentive plan. Equity awards will be designed to focus our executive officers on and reward them for achieving our long-term goals and enhancing shareholder value. In determining equity awards, we anticipate that our compensation committee will take into account our company's overall financial performance. The awards expected to be made under our equity incentive plan in 2011 will be granted to recognize such individuals' efforts on our behalf in connection with our formation and this offering, and to provide a retention element to their compensation.
Retirement Savings Opportunities
All full-time employees will be able to participate in a 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan, or 401(k) plan. We intend to provide this plan to help our employees save some amount of their cash compensation for retirement in a tax efficient manner. Under the 401(k) plan, employees will be eligible to defer a portion of their salary, and we, at our discretion, may make a matching contribution and/or a profit-sharing contribution commencing six months after they begin their employment.
Health and Welfare Benefits
We intend to provide to all full-time employees a competitive benefits package, which is expected to include health and welfare benefits, such as medical, dental, short- and long-term disability
116
insurance, and life insurance benefits. The plans under which these benefits will be offered are not expected to discriminate in scope, terms or operation in favor of officers and will be available to all full-time employees.
Summary Compensation Table
The following table sets forth on an annualized basis for 2011 the annual base salary and other compensation expected to be payable to each of our named executive officers as of the completion of this offering. We will enter into an employment agreement with each of our named executive officers that will take effect upon completion of this offering. See "Executive CompensationEmployment Agreements."
Name and Principal Position
|
Year | Salary ($) | Target Bonus ($)(1) |
Share Awards ($) |
Option Awards ($) |
Non-Equity Incentive Plan Compensation ($) |
All Other Compensation ($) |
Total ($) | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Robert L. Johnson |
2011 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Executive Chairman |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
2011 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Executive Officer and President |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leslie D. Hale |
2011 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Financial Officer |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ross H. Bierkan |
2011 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chief Investment Officer |
Grants of Plan-Based Awards
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All Other Option Awards: Number of Securities Underlying Options (#) |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Estimated Future Payouts Under Non-Equity Incentive Plan Awards |
Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity Incentive Plan Awards |
All Other Share Awards: Number of Shares or Units (#) |
Exercise or Base Price of Option Awards ($/Sh) |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
Grant Date Fair Value of Share and Option Awards ($) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name
|
Grant Date |
Threshold ($) |
Target ($) |
Maximum ($) |
Threshold ($) |
Target ($) |
Maximum ($) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Robert L. Johnson |
(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leslie D. Hale |
(1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ross H. Bierkan |
(1) |
Narrative Discussion of Grants of Plan-Based Awards
In addition to base salary, annual bonus and non-equity incentive compensation, our executive officers and trustees will be entitled to receive additional long-term equity incentive compensation designed to reward the individual's contribution to our formation and this offering, as well as provide an additional retention element for the recipient. Upon completion of this offering, our named executive officers will be granted restricted common shares, all subject to vesting requirements. Our non-employee trustees will also be granted restricted common shares, all subject to vesting requirements.
Notwithstanding the vesting requirements of the restricted common shares, all long-term equity incentive compensation awards will vest upon the death or disability of the executive officer or, for awards other than share options that are not intended to qualify as performance-based awards under
117
Section 162(m) of the Code, if the executive officer's employment is terminated by us without cause, by the executive officer for good reason or by the executive officer following a change in our control.
Equity Incentive Plan
Prior to completion of this offering, our board of trustees is expected to adopt, and our shareholder is expected to approve, our equity incentive plan, for the purpose of attracting and retaining non-employee trustees, executive officers and other key employees and service providers, including officers, employees and service providers of our subsidiaries and affiliates, and to stimulate their efforts toward our continued success, long-term growth and profitability. Our equity incentive plan provides for the grant of options to purchase our common shares, share awards (including restricted common shares and restricted share units), share appreciation rights, performance shares, performance units and other equity-based awards, including LTIP units, which are convertible on a one-for-one basis with OP units in our operating partnership. We have reserved a total of common shares for issuance pursuant to our equity incentive plan, subject to certain adjustments set forth in our equity incentive plan. Each LTIP unit issued under our equity incentive plan will count as one common share for purposes of calculating the limit on common shares that may be issued under our equity incentive plan. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the detailed provisions of our equity incentive plan, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
Section 162(m) of the Code limits publicly-held companies to an annual deduction for U.S. federal income tax purposes of $1,000,000 for compensation paid to each of their chief executive officer and their three highest compensated executive officers (other than the chief executive officer or the chief financial officer) determined at the end of each year, referred to as covered employees. However, performance-based compensation is excluded from this limitation. Our equity incentive plan is designed to permit our compensation committee to grant awards that qualify as performance-based for purposes of satisfying the conditions of Section 162(m), but it is not required under our equity incentive plan that awards qualify for this exception. Our equity incentive plan provides that no participant in the plan will be permitted to acquire, or will have any right to acquire, common shares thereunder if such acquisition would be prohibited by the share ownership limits contained in our declaration of trust or would impair our status as a REIT.
Administration of our Equity Incentive Plan
Our equity incentive plan will be administered by our compensation committee, and our compensation committee will determine all terms of awards under our equity incentive plan. Our compensation committee will also determine who will receive awards under our equity incentive plan, the type of award and its terms and conditions and the number of common shares subject to the award, if the award is equity-based. Our compensation committee will also interpret the provisions of our equity incentive plan. During any period of time in which we do not have a compensation committee, our equity incentive plan will be administered by our board of trustees or another committee appointed by our board of trustees. References below to our compensation committee include a reference to our board of trustees or another committee appointed by our board of trustees for those periods in which our board of trustees or such other committee appointed by our board of trustees is acting.
Eligibility
All of our employees and the employees of our subsidiaries and affiliates, including our operating partnership, are eligible to receive awards under our equity incentive plan. In addition, our non-employee trustees and consultants and advisors who perform services for us and our subsidiaries and affiliates may receive awards under our equity incentive plan, other than incentive share options. Each member of our compensation committee that administers our equity incentive plan will be both a "non-employee director" within the meaning of Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act, and an "outside director" within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code.
118
Share Authorization
The number of common shares that may be issued under our equity incentive plan, consisting of authorized but unissued shares, is equal to . In connection with share splits, distributions, recapitalizations and certain other events, our board will make proportionate adjustments that it deems appropriate in the aggregate number of common shares that may be issued under our equity incentive plan and the terms of outstanding awards. If any options or share appreciation rights terminate, expire or are canceled, forfeited, exchanged or surrendered without having been exercised or paid or if any share awards, performance shares, performance units or other equity-based awards are forfeited or expire or otherwise terminate without the delivery of any common shares or are settled in cash, the common shares subject to such awards will again be available for purposes of our equity incentive plan.
The maximum number of common shares subject to options or share appreciation rights that can be issued under our equity incentive plan to any person is common shares in any single calendar year (or common shares in the year that the person is first employed). The maximum number of common shares that can be issued under our equity incentive plan to any person other than pursuant to an option or share appreciation right is common shares in any single calendar year (or common shares in the year that the person is first employed). The maximum amount that may be earned as an annual incentive award or other cash award in any calendar year by any one person is (or in the year that the person is first employed) and the maximum amount that may be earned as a performance award or other cash award in respect of a performance period by any one person is (or for a performance period beginning with or immediately after the year that the person is first employed).
No awards under our equity incentive plan were outstanding prior to completion of this offering. The initial awards described above under "Executive Compensation" will become effective upon completion of this offering.
Options
Our equity incentive plan authorizes our compensation committee to grant incentive share options (under Section 421 of the Code) and options that do not qualify as incentive share options. The exercise price of each option will be determined by our compensation committee, provided that the price cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of the common shares on the date on which the option is granted. If we were to grant incentive share options to any 10% shareholder, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant.
The term of an option cannot exceed 10 years from the date of grant. If we were to grant incentive share options to any 10% shareholder, the term cannot exceed five years from the date of grant. Our compensation committee determines at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment during which options may be exercised. Options may be made exercisable in installments. The exercisability of options may be accelerated by our compensation committee. The exercise price of an option may not be amended or modified after the grant of the option, and an option may not be surrendered in consideration of or exchanged for a grant of a new option having an exercise price below that of the option which was surrendered or exchanged without shareholder approval.
The exercise price for any option or the purchase price for restricted common shares is generally payable (1) in cash or cash equivalents, (2) to the extent the award agreement provides, by the surrender of common shares (or attestation of ownership of common shares) with an aggregate fair market value on the date on which the option is exercised, or common shares are purchased, of the exercise or purchase price, or (3) with respect to an option only, to the extent the award agreement provides, by payment through a broker in accordance with procedures established by the Federal Reserve Board.
119
Share Awards
Our equity incentive plan also provides for the grant of share awards (which includes restricted common shares and share units). An award of common shares may be subject to restrictions on transferability and other restrictions as our compensation committee determines in its sole discretion on the date of grant. The restrictions, if any, may lapse over a specified period of time or through the satisfaction of conditions, in installments or otherwise, as our compensation committee may determine. A participant who receives restricted common shares will have all of the rights of a shareholder as to those shares, including, without limitation, the right to vote and the right to receive dividends or distributions on the shares, except that our board of trustees may require any dividends to be reinvested in shares. A participant who receives share units will have no such rights. During the period, if any, when share awards are non-transferable or forfeitable, a participant is prohibited from selling, transferring, assigning, pledging, exchanging, hypothecating or otherwise encumbering or disposing of his or her award shares.
Share Appreciation Rights
Our equity incentive plan authorizes our compensation committee to grant share appreciation rights that provide the recipient with the right to receive, upon exercise of the share appreciation right, cash, common shares or a combination of the two. The amount that the recipient will receive upon exercise of the share appreciation right generally will equal the excess of the fair market value of our common shares on the date of exercise over the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant. Share appreciation rights will become exercisable in accordance with terms determined by our compensation committee. Share appreciation rights may be granted in tandem with an option grant or independently from an option grant. The term of a share appreciation right cannot exceed 10 years from the date of grant.
Performance Units
Our equity incentive plan also authorizes our compensation committee to grant performance units. Performance units represent the participant's right to receive a compensation amount, based on the value of the common shares, if performance goals established by our compensation committee are met. Our compensation committee will determine the applicable performance period, the performance goals and such other conditions that apply to the performance unit. Performance goals may relate to our financial performance or the financial performance of our operating units, the participant's performance or such other criteria determined by our compensation committee. If the performance goals are met, performance units will be paid in cash, common shares or a combination thereof.
Bonuses
Cash performance bonuses payable under our equity incentive plan may be based on the attainment of performance goals that are established by our compensation committee and relate to one or more performance criteria described in our equity incentive plan. Cash performance bonuses must be based upon objectively determinable bonus formulas established in accordance with our equity incentive plan.
Dividend Equivalents
Our compensation committee may grant dividend equivalents in connection with the grant of any equity-based award. Dividend equivalents may be paid currently or accrued as contingent cash obligations and may be payable in cash, common shares or a combination of the two. Our compensation committee will determine the terms of any dividend equivalents.
120
Other Equity-Based Awards
Our compensation committee may grant other types of share-based awards under our equity incentive plan, including LTIP units (which are described below). Other equity-based awards are payable in cash, common shares or other equity, or a combination thereof, and may be restricted or unrestricted, as determined by our compensation committee. The terms and conditions that apply to other equity-based awards are determined by our compensation committee.
LTIP units are a special class of OP units in our operating partnership. Each LTIP unit awarded under our equity incentive plan will be equivalent to an award of one share under our equity incentive plan, reducing the number of common shares available for other equity awards on a one-for-one basis. We will not receive a tax deduction with respect to the grant, vesting or conversion of any LTIP unit. The vesting period for any LTIP units, if any, will be determined at the time of issuance. Each LTIP unit, whether vested or not, will receive the same quarterly per unit profit distribution as the other outstanding OP units in our operating partnership, which profit distribution will generally equal the per share distribution on a share. This treatment with respect to quarterly distributions is similar to the expected treatment of our share awards, which will receive full distributions whether vested or not. Initially, each LTIP unit will have a capital account of zero and, therefore, the holder of the LTIP unit would receive nothing if our operating partnership were liquidated immediately after the LTIP unit is awarded. However, the partnership agreement of our operating partnership requires that "book gain" or economic appreciation in our assets realized by our operating partnership, whether as a result of an actual asset sale or upon the revaluation of our assets, as permitted by applicable regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, or Treasury Regulations, be allocated first to LTIP units until the capital account per LTIP unit is equal to the capital account per unit of our operating partnership. The applicable Treasury Regulations provide that assets of our operating partnership may be revalued upon specified events, including upon additional capital contributions by us or other partners of our operating partnership or a later issuance of additional LTIP units. Upon equalization of the capital account of the LTIP unit with the per unit capital account of the OP units and full vesting of the LTIP unit, the LTIP unit will be convertible into an OP unit at any time. There is a risk that a LTIP unit will never become convertible because of insufficient gain realization to equalize capital accounts and, therefore, the value that a grantee will realize for a given number of vested LTIP units may be less than the value of an equal number of common shares. See "Description of Our Operating Partnership and Our Partnership Agreement," for a further description of the rights of limited partners in our operating partnership.
Change in Control
If we experience a change in control in which outstanding options, share appreciation rights, share awards, performance shares, performance units or other equity-based awards that are not exercised prior to the change in control will not be assumed or continued by the surviving entity: (1) all restricted common shares and share units will vest and the underlying common shares will be delivered immediately before the change in control; or (2) at our board of trustees' discretion, either all options and share appreciation rights will become exercisable 15 days before the change in control and terminate upon the completion of the change in control, or all options, share appreciation rights, restricted common shares and share units will be cashed out before the change in control. In the case of performance shares, if more than half of the performance period has lapsed, the performance shares will be converted into restricted common shares based on actual performance to date. If less than half of the performance period has lapsed, or if actual performance is not determinable, the performance shares will be converted into restricted common shares assuming target performance has been achieved.
121
In summary, a change in control under our equity incentive plan occurs if:
Amendment; Termination
Our board of trustees may amend, suspend or terminate our equity incentive plan at any time; provided that no amendment, suspension or termination may adversely impair the benefits of participants with outstanding awards without the participants' consent. Our shareholders must approve any amendment if such approval is required under applicable law or stock exchange requirements. Our shareholders also must approve any amendment that changes the no-repricing provisions of our equity incentive plan. Unless terminated sooner by our board of trustees or extended with shareholder approval, our equity incentive plan will terminate on the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the plan.
Employment Agreements
We will enter into an employment agreement with each of our executive officers that will take effect upon completion of this offering. The employment agreements will be for a -year term with automatic one-year renewals.
Our employment agreement with Robert L. Johnson will provide for a base salary of $ with eligibility for grants of equity.
Our employment agreement with Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. will provide for a base salary of $ with eligibility for grants of equity.
Our employment agreement with Leslie D. Hale will provide for a base salary of $ with eligibility for grants of equity.
Our employment agreement with Ross H. Bierkan will provide for a base salary of $ with eligibility for grants of equity.
Each of our executive officers will be eligible to receive a cash bonus, subject to determination by our compensation committee.
Upon termination of any of our executive officers, other than as a result of a termination for cause, or a resignation without good reason, death or disability, as those terms are defined in their employment agreements, each executive will, upon execution of a release acceptable to us, be eligible
122
to receive, in addition to any compensation earned but not paid through the date of termination, the following benefits:
The employment agreements define good reason, being a basis for termination by the employee of his or her employment agreement that allows for payment of the benefits listed above, to include a material diminution in the individual's authority or certain similar events following a change in control of our company. For purposes of the employment agreements, "change in control" is defined the same way as it is in our equity incentive plan.
Each employment agreement contains customary non-competition and non-solicitation covenants that apply during the term and for months after the term of each executive's employment with us.
Trustee Compensation
We intend to approve and implement a compensation program for our non-employee trustees, including each of the independent trustee nominees, that consists of annual retainer fees and long-term equity awards. Each non-employee trustee will receive an annual base fee for his or her services of $ , payable in quarterly installments in conjunction with quarterly meetings of our board of trustees, and an annual equity award of restricted common shares, which will vest on the one-year anniversary of the date of grant, subject to the trustee's continued service on our board of trustees. In addition, each non-employee trustee who serves on the audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees will receive an annual cash retainer of $ , $ and $ , respectively, and the chairs of the audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees will receive an additional annual cash retainer of $ , $ and $ , respectively. We also will reimburse each of our trustees for his or her travel expenses incurred in connection with his or her attendance at full board of trustees and committee meetings. We have not made any payments to any of our trustees or trustee nominees to date.
Concurrently with the completion of this offering, we will grant restricted common shares to each of our trustee nominees, pursuant to our equity incentive plan. These awards of restricted common shares will vest ratably and annually over a -year vesting period, subject to the trustee's continued service on our board of trustees.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
We intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and trustees that will obligate us to indemnify them to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. The form of indemnification agreement provides that, if a trustee or executive officer is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by reason of such trustee's or executive officer's status as our trustee, officer or employee, we must indemnify such trustee or executive officer for all expenses and liabilities actually and reasonably incurred by him or her, or on his or her behalf, unless it has been established that:
123
provided, however, that we will (1) have no obligation to indemnify such trustee or executive officer for a proceeding by or in the right of our company, for expenses and liabilities actually and reasonably incurred by him or her, or on his or her behalf, if it has been adjudged that such trustee or executive officer is liable to us with respect to such proceeding and (2) have no obligation to indemnify or advance expenses of such trustee or executive officer for a proceeding brought by such trustee or executive officer against our company, except for a proceeding brought to enforce indemnification under Section 2-418 of the MGCL or as otherwise provided by our bylaws, our declaration of trust, a resolution of our board of trustees or an agreement approved by our board of trustees. Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify a director or officer in a suit by or in the right of the corporation in which the trustee or officer was adjudged liable on the basis that a personal benefit was improperly received.
Upon application by one of our trustees or executive officers to a court of appropriate jurisdiction, the court may order indemnification of such trustee or executive officer if:
Notwithstanding, and without limiting, any other provisions of the indemnification agreements, if a trustee or executive officer is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by reason of such trustee's or executive officer's status as our trustee, executive officer or employee, and such trustee or executive officer is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such proceeding, we must indemnify such trustee or executive officer for all expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or her, or on his or her behalf, in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter, including any claim, issue or matter in such a proceeding that is terminated by dismissal, with or without prejudice.
We must pay all indemnifiable expenses in advance of the final disposition of any proceeding if the trustee or executive officer furnishes us with a written affirmation of the trustee's or executive officer's good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by us has been met and a written undertaking to reimburse us if a court of competent jurisdiction determines that the trustee or executive officer is not entitled to indemnification.
Our declaration of trust and bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (1) any present or former trustee or officer (including any individual who, at our request, serves or has served as a director, trustee, officer, partner, member, employee or agent of another REIT, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise) against any claim or liability to which he or she may become subject by
124
reason of service in such capacity and (2) any present or former trustee or officer who has been successful in the defense of a proceeding to which he or she was made a party by reason of service in such capacity. Our declaration of trust and bylaws also permit us, with the approval of our board of trustees, to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company.
Rule 10b5-1 Sales Plans
In the future, our trustees and executive officers may adopt written plans, known as Rule 10b5-1 plans, in which they will contract with a broker to buy or sell our common shares on a periodic basis. Under a Rule 10b5-1 plan, a broker executes trades pursuant to parameters established by the trustee or executive officer when entering into the plan, without further direction from them. The trustee or executive officer may amend a Rule 10b5-1 plan in some circumstances and may terminate a plan at any time. Our trustees and executive officers also may buy or sell additional common shares outside a Rule 10b5-1 plan when they are not in possession of material nonpublic information, subject to compliance with the terms of our expected insider trading policy. Prior to the termination of any applicable lock-up agreement that the trustee or executive officer has entered into with the underwriters, the sale of any common shares under such plan would be subject to such lock-up agreement.
Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we do not anticipate that any of our executive officers will serve as a member of a board of trustees or compensation committee, or other committee serving an equivalent function, of any other entity that has one or more of its executive officers serving as a member of our board of trustees or compensation committee.
125
Immediately prior to the completion of this offering, we will have a total of 1,000 common shares outstanding. In connection with our formation and initial capitalization, we sold 500 of these shares to our Executive Chairman, Robert L. Johnson, and 500 of these shares to Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr., our Chief Executive Officer and President, for total consideration of $1,000. At the completion of this offering, we will repurchase these shares from Messrs. Johnson and Baltimore for a total of $1,000.
The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of our common shares and OP units immediately following completion of this offering and our formation transactions by (1) each of the executive officers named in the table appearing under the caption "ManagementSummary Compensation Table," (2) each of our trustees and trustee nominees, (3) all of our executive officers, trustees and trustee nominees as a group and (4) each holder of 5% or more of our common shares and OP units.
The SEC has defined "beneficial ownership" of a security to mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of voting power and/or investment power over such security. In computing the number of shares beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, common shares subject to options or other rights held by that person that are currently exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days, are deemed outstanding, while such shares are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing the beneficial ownership percentage of any other person. Each person named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to all of the common shares shown as beneficially owned by such person, except as otherwise set forth in the notes to the table. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each named person is c/o 3 Bethesda Metro Center, Suite 1000, Bethesda, MD 20814.
Name of Beneficial Owner
|
Number of Common Shares and OP Units Beneficially Owned |
Percentage of All Common Shares and OP Units |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Robert L. Johnson |
||||
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
||||
Leslie D. Hale |
||||
Ross H. Bierkan |
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
126
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Formation Transactions
Prior to or concurrently with the completion of this offering, we will engage in certain formation transactions which are designed to: consolidate our management platform into our operating partnership; consolidate the ownership of our initial hotels into our operating partnership; facilitate this offering; enable us to raise necessary capital to repay existing indebtedness related to certain of our initial hotels; enable us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011; and preserve the tax position of our continuing investors.
The significant elements of our formation transactions include:
Individuals and entities receiving shares in our formation transactions have agreed to a holdback in the aggregate amount of $25 million from the total consideration to be received in connection with our formation transactions to cover potential breaches of the representations and warranties contained in the merger and contribution agreements entered into between us and our predecessor. "See Structure and Formation of Our CompanyFormation Transactions."
Employment Agreements
We will enter into an employment agreement agreement with each of our executive officers that will be effective upon completion of this offering. The employment agreements provide for base salary, bonus and other benefits, including accelerated vesting of equity awards upon a change in control of us or termination of the executive's employment under certain circumstances. See "ManagementExecutive CompensationEmployment Agreements."
Indemnification Agreements for Officers and Trustees
We intend to enter into indemnification agreements with our trustees and executive officers that will be effective upon completion of this offering. These indemnification agreements will provide indemnification to these persons by us to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law and certain procedures for indemnification, including advancement by us of certain expenses relating to claims brought against these persons under certain circumstances. See "ManagementLimitation of Liability and Indemnification."
Registration Rights Agreements
We expect to enter into registration rights agreements with the entities and individuals receiving our common shares and OP units in our formation transactions, including our executive officers. See "Shares Eligible for Future SaleRegistration Rights Agreements."
127
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND POLICIES WITH RESPECT TO
CERTAIN ACTIVITIES
The following is a discussion of our investment policies and our policies with respect to certain other activities, including financing matters and conflicts of interest. These policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of trustees without shareholder approval. Any change to any of these policies by our board of trustees, however, would be made only after a thorough review and analysis of that change, in light of then-existing business and other circumstances, and then only if, in the exercise of its business judgment, our board of trustees believes that it is advisable to do so in our and our shareholders' best interests. We intend to disclose any changes in our investment policies in periodic reports that we file or furnish under the Exchange Act. We cannot assure you that our investment objectives will be attained.
Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate
We intend to conduct substantially all of our investment activities through our operating partnership and its subsidiaries. Our primary objective is to enhance shareholder value over time by generating strong risk-adjusted returns for our shareholders. We plan to invest principally in hotels located in the United States. We target primarily premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels that are consistent with our investment and growth strategies. We also may selectively invest in loans secured by these types of hotels or ownership interests in entities owning these types of hotels to the extent the investment provides us with an opportunity to acquire the underlying real estate, and subject to the limitations imposed by reason of our intention to qualify as a REIT. For a discussion of our initial hotels and our acquisition and other strategic objectives, see "Our Business and Properties."
We intend to engage in future investment activities in a manner that is consistent with the requirements applicable to REITs for federal income tax purposes. We primarily expect to pursue our investment objectives through the ownership by our operating partnership of hotels, but we may also make equity investments in other entities, including joint ventures that own hotels. Our management team will identify and negotiate acquisition and other investment opportunities, subject to the approval by our board of trustees. For information concerning the investing experience of these individuals, please see the section entitled "Management."
We may enter into joint ventures from time to time, if we determine that doing so would be the most cost-effective and efficient means of raising capital. Equity investments may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or such financing or indebtedness may be incurred in connection with acquiring investments. Any such financing or indebtedness will have priority over our equity interest in such property. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be treated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
We do not have a specific policy to acquire assets primarily for capital gain or primarily for income. From time to time, we may make investments in pursuit of our business and growth strategies that do not provide current cash flow. We believe investments that do not generate current cash flow may be, in certain instances, consistent with enhancing shareholder value over time.
We do not have any specific policy as to the amount or percentage of our assets which will be invested in any specific asset, other than the tax rules applicable to REITs. Additionally, no limits have been set on the concentration of investments in any one geographic location, hotel type or franchise brand. We currently anticipate that our real estate investments will continue to be concentrated in premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. We anticipate that our real estate investments will continue to be diversified in terms of geographic market.
128
Investments in Real Estate Mortgages
While we will emphasize equity real estate investments in hotels, we may selectively acquire loans secured by hotels or entities that own hotels to the extent that those investments are consistent with our qualification as a REIT and provide us with an opportunity to acquire the underlying real estate. We do not intend to originate any secured or unsecured real estate loans or purchase any debt securities as a stand-alone, long-term investment, but, in limited circumstances, we may from time to time provide a short-term loan to a hotel owner as a means of securing an acquisition opportunity. The mortgages in which we may invest may be first-lien mortgages or subordinate mortgages secured by hotels. The subordinated mezzanine loans in which we may invest may include mezzanine loans secured by a pledge of ownership interests in an entity owning a hotel or group of hotels. Investments in real estate mortgages and subordinated real estate loans are subject to the risk that one or more borrowers may default and that the collateral securing mortgages may not be sufficient or, in the case of subordinated mezzanine loans, available to enable us, to recover our full investment.
Investments in Securities or Interests in Entities Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Investments in Other Securities
Subject to the gross income and asset requirements required to qualify as a REIT, we may invest in securities of entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities. We do not currently have any policy limiting the types of entities in which we may invest or the proportion of assets to be so invested, whether through acquisition of an entity's common shares, limited liability or partnership interests, interests in another REIT or entry into a joint venture. However, other than in our formation transactions, we do not presently intend to invest in these types of securities.
Purchase and Sale of Investments
We expect to invest in hotels primarily for generation of current income and long-term capital appreciation. Although we do not currently intend to sell any hotels, we may deliberately and strategically dispose of assets in the future and redeploy funds into new acquisitions and redevelopment, renovation and expansion opportunities that align with our investment and growth strategies.
Lending Policies
We do not expect to engage in any significant lending in the future. However, we do not have a policy limiting our ability to make loans to other persons, although our ability to do so may be limited by applicable law, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Subject to tax rules applicable to REITs, we may make loans to unaffiliated third parties. For example, we may consider offering purchase money financing in connection with the disposition of assets in instances where the provision of that financing would increase the value to be received by us for the asset sold. We may choose to guarantee debt of certain joint ventures with third parties. Consideration for those guarantees may include, but is not limited to, fees, long-term management contracts, options to acquire additional ownership interests and promoted equity positions. Our board of trustees may, in the future, adopt a formal lending policy without notice to or consent of our shareholders.
Issuance of Additional Securities
If our board of trustees determines that obtaining additional capital would be advantageous to us, we may, without shareholder approval, issue debt or equity securities, including causing our operating partnership to issue additional OP units, retain earnings (subject to the REIT distribution requirements for federal income tax purposes) or pursue a combination of these methods. As long as our operating
129
partnership is in existence, the proceeds of all equity capital raised by us will be contributed to our operating partnership in exchange for additional OP units, which will dilute the ownership interests of any other limited partners.
We may offer our common shares, OP units, or other debt or equity securities in exchange for cash, real estate assets or other investment targets, and to repurchase or otherwise re-acquire our common shares, OP units or other debt or equity securities. We may issue preferred shares from time to time, in one or more classes or series, as authorized by our board of trustees without the need for shareholder approval. We have not adopted a specific policy governing the issuance of senior securities at this time.
Reporting Policies
We intend to make available to our shareholders audited annual financial statements and annual reports. Upon completion of this offering, we will become subject to the information reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, pursuant to which we will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information, including audited financial statements, with the SEC.
Conflict of Interest Policies
Relationship with Our Operating Partnership
Conflicts of interest could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any limited partner thereof, on the other. Our trustees and officers have duties to our company and our shareholders under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we, as general partner, have fiduciary duties and obligations to our operating partnership and to its limited partners under Delaware law and the partnership agreement of our operating partnership in connection with the management of our operating partnership. Our duties as general partner to our operating partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our trustees and officers to our company and our shareholders.
Unless otherwise provided for in the relevant partnership agreement, Delaware law generally requires a general partner of a Delaware limited partnership to adhere to fiduciary duty standards under which it owes its limited partners the highest duties of good faith, fairness and loyalty and which generally prohibit such general partner from taking any action or engaging in any transaction as to which it has a conflict of interest.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership provides that the provisions limiting our liability, as the general partner, to our operating partnership and the limited partners act as an express limitation of any fiduciary or other duties that we would otherwise owe our operating partnership and the limited partners. The provisions of Delaware law that allow the common law fiduciary duties of a general partner to be modified by a partnership agreement have not been resolved in a court of law, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel covering the provisions set forth in the partnership agreement that purport to waive or restrict our fiduciary duties that would be in effect under common law were it not for the partnership agreement.
The partnership agreement of our operating partnership expressly limits our liability by providing that neither we, as the general partner of our operating partnership, nor any of our trustees or officers, will be liable or accountable in damages to our operating partnership, the limited partners or assignees for errors in judgment, mistakes of fact or law or for any act or omission if we, or such trustee or officer, acted in good faith. In addition, our operating partnership is required to indemnify us, and our officers, trustees, employees, agents and designees to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law from and against any and all claims arising from operations of our operating partnership, unless it is established that (1) the act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and
130
was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) the indemnified party actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.
Policies Applicable to All Trustees and Officers
We intend to adopt certain policies that are designed to eliminate or minimize certain potential conflicts of interest, including a policy for the review, approval or ratification of any material related party transaction, which is any transaction or series of transactions in which we or any of our subsidiaries are to be a participant, the amount involved exceeds $120,000, and a "related person" (as defined under SEC rules) has a direct or indirect material interest. This policy will provide that the nominating and corporate governance committee of our board of trustees will review the relevant facts and circumstances of each related party transaction, including whether the transaction is on terms comparable to those that could be obtained in arm's-length dealings with an unrelated third party. Based on its consideration of all of the relevant facts and circumstances, the nominating and corporate governance committee will decide whether or not to approve such transaction. If we become aware of an existing related party transaction that has not been pre-approved under this policy, the transaction will be referred to the nominating and corporate governance committee, which will evaluate all options available, including ratification, revision or termination of such transaction. This policy also will require any trustee who may be interested in a related party transaction to recuse himself or herself from any consideration of such related party transaction. Further, we will adopt a code of business conduct and ethics that prohibits conflicts of interest between us, on the one hand, and our employees, officers and trustees, on the other hand, unless such transactions are approved by a majority of our disinterested trustees. In addition, our board of trustees is subject to certain provisions of Maryland law that are designed to eliminate or minimize conflicts. However, we cannot assure you that these policies or provisions of law will always be successful in eliminating the influence of such conflicts. If such policies or provisions of law are not successful, decisions could be made that are not in the best interests of our shareholders.
131
STRUCTURE AND FORMATION OF OUR COMPANY
Structure
We were formed as a Maryland real estate investment trust in January 2011. We will conduct our business through a traditional UPREIT, in which our hotels are indirectly owned by our operating partnership through limited partnerships, limited liability companies or other subsidiaries. We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership and, upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, will own approximately % of the OP units in our operating partnership. In the future, we may issue OP units from time to time in connection with acquisitions of hotels or for financing, compensation or other reasons.
In order for the income from our hotel operations to constitute "rents from real property" for purposes of the gross income tests required for REIT qualification, we cannot directly or indirectly operate any of our hotels. Accordingly, we lease each of our initial hotels, and intend to lease any hotels we acquire in the future, to subsidiaries of our TRS lessees, which are wholly-owned by us, and our TRS lessees have engaged, or will engage, third-party hotel management companies to manage our initial hotels, and any hotels we acquire in the future, on market terms. Our TRS lessees pay rent to us that we treat as "rents from real property," provided that the third-party hotel management companies engaged by our TRS lessees to manage our hotels are deemed to be "eligible independent contractors" and certain other requirements are met. Our TRSs are subject to U.S. federal, state and local income taxes applicable to corporations. See "Our Principal AgreementsHotel Management Agreements."
Formation Transactions
Prior to or concurrently with the completion of this offering, we will engage in certain formation transactions which are designed to: consolidate our management platform into our operating partnership; consolidate the ownership of our initial hotels into our operating partnership; facilitate this offering; enable us to raise necessary capital to repay existing indebtedness related to certain of our initial hotels; enable us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2011; and preserve the tax position of our continuing investors.
In connection with our formation transactions, the following transactions have occurred or will occur concurrently with or prior to completion of this offering:
132
Pursuant to the merger and contribution agreements entered into between us and our predecessor, Fund II, Fund III and RLJ Development have made certain representations and warranties to our company in connection with the hotels, assets and liabilities to be acquired by us in connection with our formation transactions. As our sole recourse in the event of a breach of any representations and warranties contained in our merger or contribution agreements, individuals and entities receiving common shares or OP units in our formation transactions have agreed to a holdback in the aggregate amount of $25 million from the total consideration to be received in connection with our formation transactions. The holdback amount will be used to the extent that we incur any losses or damages as a result of breaches of representations and warranties, up to the $25 million holdback amount. The holdback amount will be maintained as three separate escrow accounts for our benefit, relating to Fund II, Fund III and RLJ Development, and will be deducted from the consideration paid to individuals and entities receiving common shares or OP units in our formation transactions in the manner set forth in the merger and contribution agreements. After the expiration of six months from the completion of our formation transactions, 50% of any portion of the holdback amount remaining in the holdback escrow accounts that are not subject to existing indemnity claims will be distributed pro rata to individuals and entities receiving common shares or OP units in our formation transactions in the manner set forth in the applicable merger and/or contribution agreement. After the expiration of 12 months from the completion of our formation transactions, any holdback amount remaining in the holdback escrow accounts that are not subject to existing indemnity claims will be similarly distributed.
Our sole and exclusive remedy for breaches of representations and warranties under the merger and contribution agreements will be recovery from the holdback escrow accounts, and the individuals and entities receiving common shares or OP units in our formation transactions will not be required to make any payments in excess of the holdback amount. Consequently, there is no assurance that we will be made whole for breaches of representations or warranties relating to the assets and liabilities of Fund II or Fund III, as the case may be, or RLJ Development. This summary of our holdback escrow and the representations and warranties made in connection with our formation transactions is qualified in its entirety by the detailed provisions contained in our merger and contribution agreements, which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.
As part of our formation transactions, we also will pay off and assume certain indebtedness as follows:
133
The following chart depicts our anticipated structure and ownership following (1) the completion of our formation transactions, and (2) the completion of this offering, assuming no exercise by the underwriters of their overallotment option:
134
The following summary of the material terms of our shares of beneficial interest does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to applicable Maryland law and to our declaration of trust and bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See "Where You Can Find More Information."
General
Our declaration of trust provides that we may issue up to 450,000,000 common shares, par value $0.01 per share, and 50,000,000 preferred shares, par value $0.01 per share. Our declaration of trust authorizes our board of trustees to amend our declaration of trust to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized common shares or the number of shares of any class or series without shareholder approval.
Maryland law provides, and our declaration of trust provides, that none of our shareholders are personally liable for any of our obligations solely as a result of that shareholder's status as a shareholder.
Common Shares
Voting Rights of Common Shares
Subject to the provisions of our declaration of trust regarding the restrictions on transfer and ownership of shares of beneficial interest and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of shares of beneficial interest, each outstanding common share entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of shareholders, including the election of trustees, and, except as provided with respect to any other class or series of shares of beneficial interest, the holders of such common shares will possess the exclusive voting power. There will be no cumulative voting in the election of trustees.
Under the Maryland statute governing real estate investment trusts formed under the laws of that state, or the Maryland REIT law, a Maryland real estate investment trust generally cannot amend its declaration of trust or merge with another entity unless declared advisable by a majority of its board of trustees and approved by the affirmative vote of shareholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the real estate investment trust's declaration of trust. Our declaration of trust provides that these actions (other than certain amendments to the provisions of the declaration of trust related to the removal of trustees, the restrictions on ownership and transfer of shares and the termination of our existence) may be taken if declared advisable by a majority of our board of trustees and approved by the vote of shareholders holding a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Dividends, Distributions, Liquidation and Other Rights
Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of shares and to the provisions of our declaration of trust regarding the restrictions on transfer and ownership of shares, holders of our common shares are entitled to receive dividends on such common shares if, as and when authorized by the board of trustees, and declared by us out of assets legally available therefor. Such holders also are entitled to share ratably in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to shareholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment or establishment of reserves for all debts and other liabilities of our company and any shares with preferential rights related thereto.
Holders of common shares have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund or redemption rights, have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of our company and have no appraisal
135
rights. Subject to the provisions of our declaration of trust regarding the restrictions on transfer and ownership of shares, common shares will have equal dividend, liquidation and other rights.
Preferred Shares
Our declaration of trust authorizes our board of trustees to classify any unissued preferred shares and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued preferred shares of any series into one or more classes or series of shares. Prior to issuance of shares of each new class or series, our board of trustees will be required by Maryland REIT law and our declaration of trust to set, subject to the provisions of our declaration of trust regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our shares and the terms of any class or series then outstanding, the preferences, conversion rights, redemption provisions, any basis upon which dividends are payable (including rate or formula and whether dividends are cumulative), voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, and other terms and conditions of each such class or series. As a result, our board of trustees will be able to authorize the issuance of shares that have priority over our common shares with respect to dividends, voting, distributions or rights upon liquidation or with other terms or conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our common shares or that might otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders. As of the date hereof, no preferred shares are outstanding and we have no present plans to issue any preferred shares.
Power to Reclassify Our Unissued Common Shares or Preferred Shares
Our declaration of trust authorizes our board of trustees to classify and reclassify any unissued common shares or preferred shares into other classes or series of shares and to establish the number of shares in each class or series and to set the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption for each such class or series.
Power to Increase or Decrease Authorized Common Shares and Issue Additional Common and Preferred Shares
We believe that the power of our board of trustees to amend our declaration of trust to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares, to issue additional authorized but unissued common shares or preferred shares and to classify or reclassify unissued common shares or preferred shares and thereafter to cause to issue such classified or reclassified shares will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs that might arise. The additional classes or series will be available for issuance without further action by our shareholders, unless such action is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
In order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, our shares must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares (after taking into account options to acquire common shares) may be owned, directly, indirectly or through attribution, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made).
In order to assist us in complying with the limitations on the concentration of ownership of our shares imposed by the Code, our declaration of trust generally prohibits any person or entity (other
136
than a person or entity who has been granted an exception) from directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively, owning more than 9.8% of the aggregate of our outstanding common shares, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, or 9.8% of the aggregate of the outstanding preferred shares of any class or series, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive. However, our declaration of trust permits (but does not require) exceptions to be made for shareholders provided that our board of trustees determines that such exceptions will not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT.
Our declaration of trust will also prohibit any person from (1) beneficially or constructively owning our shares of beneficial interest that would result in our being "closely held" under Section 856(h) of the Code, (2) transferring our shares if such transfer would result in us being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without regard to any rules of attribution), (3) beneficially or constructively owning our shares that would result in our owning (directly or constructively) 10% or more of the ownership interest in a tenant of our real property if income derived from such tenant for our taxable year would result in more than a de minimis amount of non-qualifying income for purposes of the REIT tests, and (4) beneficially or constructively owning our shares that would cause us otherwise to fail to qualify as a REIT, including, but not limited to, as a result of any "eligible independent contractor" (as defined in Section 856(d)(9)(A) of the Code) that operates a "qualified lodging facility" (as defined in Section 856(d)(9)(D)(i) of the Code) on behalf of a TRS failing to qualify as such. Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial ownership of our shares that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will be required to give notice immediately to us and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of such transfers on our qualification as a REIT. The foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of trustees determines that it is no longer in our best interest to attempt to qualify, or to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT. In addition, our board of trustees may determine that compliance with the foregoing restrictions is no longer required for our qualification as a REIT.
Our board of trustees, in its sole discretion, may exempt a person from the above share ownership limits and any of the restrictions described above. However, our board of trustees may not grant an exemption to any person unless our board of trustees obtains such representations, covenants and understandings as it may deem appropriate in order to determine that granting the exemption would not result in us losing our qualification as a REIT. As a condition of granting the exemption, our board of trustees may require a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel in either case in form and substance satisfactory to our board of trustees, in its sole discretion, in order to determine or ensure our qualification as a REIT.
In addition, our board of trustees from time to time may increase the share ownership limits. However, the share ownership limits may not be increased if, after giving effect to such increase, five or fewer individuals could own or constructively own in the aggregate, more than 49.9% in value of the shares then outstanding.
If any transfer of our shares of beneficial interest occurs which, if effective, would result in any person beneficially or constructively owning shares in excess, or in violation, of the above transfer or ownership limitations, known as a prohibited owner, then that number of shares, the beneficial or constructive ownership of which otherwise would cause such person to violate the transfer or ownership limitations (rounded up to the nearest whole share), will be automatically transferred to a charitable trust for the exclusive benefit of a charitable beneficiary, and the prohibited owner will not acquire any rights in such shares. This automatic transfer will be considered effective as of the close of business on the business day before the violative transfer. If the transfer to the charitable trust would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of the above transfer or ownership limitations, then the transfer of that number of shares that otherwise would cause any person to violate the above limitations will be void. Shares held in the charitable trust will continue to constitute issued and
137
outstanding shares. The prohibited owner will not benefit economically from ownership of any shares held in the charitable trust, will have no rights to dividends or other distributions and will not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares held in the charitable trust. The trustee of the charitable trust will be designated by us and must be unaffiliated with us or any prohibited owner and will have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares held in the charitable trust, and these rights will be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the trust's charitable beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid before our discovery that shares have been transferred to the trustee will be paid by the recipient of such dividend or distribution to the trustee upon demand, and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the trustee. Any dividend or distribution so paid to the trustee will be held in trust for the trust's charitable beneficiary. Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that such shares have been transferred to the charitable trust, the trustee, in its sole discretion, will have the authority to:
However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee will not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote.
Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that shares have been transferred to the charitable trust, and unless we buy the shares first as described below, the trustee will sell the shares held in the charitable trust to a person, designated by the trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the share ownership limits in our declaration of trust. Upon the sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited owner and to the charitable beneficiary. The prohibited owner will receive the lesser of:
The trustee may reduce the amount payable to the prohibited owner by the amount of dividends and distributions paid to the prohibited owner and owed by the prohibited owner to the trustee. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the prohibited owner will be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiary. If, before our discovery that our shares have been transferred to the charitable trust, such shares are sold by a prohibited owner, then:
In addition, shares held in the charitable trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of:
138
We may reduce the amount payable to the prohibited owner by the amount of dividends and distributions paid to the prohibited owner and owed by the prohibited owner to the trustee. We may pay the amount of such reduction to the trustee for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee has sold the shares held in the charitable trust. Upon such a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited owner and any dividends or other distributions held by the trustee will be paid to the charitable beneficiary.
All certificates representing shares of beneficial interest bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
Every owner of more than 5% (or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder) in value of the outstanding shares within 30 days after the end of each taxable year will be required to give written notice to us stating the name and address of such owner, the number of shares of each class and series of our shares that the owner beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which the shares are held. Each owner shall provide to us such additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of the owner's beneficial ownership on our qualification as a REIT and to ensure compliance with our share ownership limits. In addition, each shareholder shall upon demand be required to provide to us such information as we may request, in good faith, in order to determine our qualification as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.
Our share ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in our control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common shares or might otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders.
Stock Exchange Listing
We intend to apply to have our common shares listed on the NYSE under the symbol "RLJ."
Transfer Agent and Registrar
The transfer agent and registrar for our common shares will be .
139
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
General
After giving effect to the completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will have common shares outstanding. In addition, upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, common shares may be issued upon exchange of OP units. The common shares sold in this offering (or common shares if the underwriters' overallotment option is exercised in full) will be freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, subject to the limitations on ownership set forth in our declaration of trust and except for any common shares purchased in this offering by our "affiliates," as that term is defined by Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The remaining common shares expected to be outstanding immediately after completion of this offering, plus any common shares purchased by affiliates in this offering, will be "restricted" securities as defined in Rule 144. In addition, upon completion of this offering, restricted common shares will be granted to our our trustees, executive officers and other employees.
Our common shares are newly issued securities for which there is no established trading market. No assurance can be given as to (1) the likelihood that an active trading market for our common shares will develop or be sustained, (2) the liquidity of any such market, (3) the ability of shareholders to sell their common shares when desired or at all, or (4) the prices that shareholders may obtain for any of their common shares. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future issuances or resales of common shares, or the availability of common shares for future issuance or resale, will have on the market price of our common shares prevailing from time to time. Issuances or resales of substantial numbers of common shares, or the perception that such issuances or resales could occur, may affect adversely prevailing market price of our common shares. See "Risk FactorsRisks Related to this Offering."
For a description of certain restrictions on transfers of our common shares held by our shareholders, see "Description of SharesRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer."
Rule 144
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, beginning 90 days after the date of this prospectus, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least six months, is entitled to sell those shares, subject only to the availability of current public information about us. A non-affiliated person who has beneficially owned restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 for at least one year is entitled to sell those shares without regard to the provisions of Rule 144.
An affiliate of ours who has beneficially owned our common shares for at least six months would be entitled to sell, within any three-month period, a number of shares that does not exceed the greater of:
Sales under Rule 144 by our affiliates or persons selling shares on behalf of our affiliates also are subject to manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us.
Registration Rights Agreements
Upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we expect to enter into registration rights agreements with the entities and individuals receiving an aggregate of
140
common shares and OP units in connection with our formation transactions. Under the registration rights agreement covering our common shares to be issued in connection with our formation transactions, subject to certain exceptions, commencing 180 days after the closing of this offering we will be required, upon request from the parties subject to such registration rights agreement, to seek to register for resale the common shares issued to such parties in our formation transactions; provided, however, the holders of such common shares issued in our formation transactions collectively may not exercise such registration rights more than once in any consecutive six month period. Under such registration rights agreement, we also may be required to effect an underwritten public offering on behalf of the various parties receiving our common shares in our formation transactions, subject to our right to participate in such underwritten public offering on the terms set forth in the registration rights agreement. We will agree to pay all expenses related to our registration obligations under such registration rights agreement, except for any brokerage and sales commission fees and disbursements of each holder's counsel, accountants and other holder's advisors, and any transfer taxes relating to the sale or disposition of our common shares by such holder.
In connection with our formation transactions, our operating partnership will issue an aggregate of OP units to RLJ Development as consideration for substantially all of its assets and liabilities. Beginning on or after the date which is 12 months after the completion of this offering, limited partners of our operating partnership and certain qualifying assignees of a limited partner have the right to require our operating partnership to redeem part or all of their OP units for cash, or, at our election, common shares on a one-for-one basis, based upon the fair market value of an equivalent number of common shares at the time of the redemption, subject to the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our shares set forth in our declaration of trust and described under the section entitled "Description of SharesRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer." See "Description of Our Operating Partnership and Our Operating Partnership."
Grants Under Our Equity Incentive Plan
We intend to adopt our equity incentive plan immediately prior to completion of this offering. Our equity incentive plan provides for the grant of incentive awards to our employees, officers, trustees and other service providers. We intend to issue an aggregate of restricted common shares to our trustees, executive officers and other employees under this plan upon completion of this offering, and intend to reserve an additional common shares for issuance under this plan.
We intend to file with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-8 covering the common shares issuable under our equity incentive plan. Common shares covered by such registration statement will be eligible for transfer or resale without restriction under the Securities Act unless held by affiliates.
Lock-Up Agreements
In addition to the limits placed on the sale of our common shares by operation of Rule 144 and other provisions of the Securities Act, we, our executive officers, trustees and trustee nominees and certain of the existing investors in Fund II and Fund III have agreed not to sell or transfer any common shares or securities convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for (including OP units) or repayable with, common shares, subject to certain exceptions, without first obtaining the written consent of the representatives, for days after the date of this prospectus. However, we, our executive officers, trustee and trustee nominees and other continuing investors may transfer or dispose of our shares during the -day lock-up period, in the case of gifts or for estate planning purposes where the transferee agrees to a similar lock-up agreement for the remainder of the -day lock-up period, provided that, except with respect to one of our continuing investors, no report is required to be filed by the transferor under the Exchange Act as a result of the transfer.
141
MATERIAL PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF
OUR DECLARATION OF TRUST AND BYLAWS
The following summary of certain provisions of Maryland law and our declaration of trust and bylaws, does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to Maryland law and to our declaration of trust and bylaws, copies of which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See "Where You Can Find More Information."
Our Board of Trustees
Our declaration of trust and bylaws provide that the number of trustees of our company may be established by our board of trustees, but may not be fewer than two nor more than 15. Our declaration of trust and bylaws provide that any vacancy, including a vacancy created by an increase in the number of trustees, may be filled only by a majority of the remaining trustees, even if the remaining trustees do not constitute a quorum. Any individual elected to fill such vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term and until a successor is duly elected and qualifies.
Pursuant to our bylaws, each of our trustees will be elected by our shareholders to serve until the next annual meeting of shareholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies under Maryland law. Holders of our common shares will have no right to cumulative voting in the election of trustees. Trustees will be elected by a plurality of the votes cast.
Our bylaws will provide that at least a majority of our trustees must be "independent," with independence being defined in the manner established by our board of trustees and in a manner consistent with listing standards established by the NYSE.
Removal of Trustees
Our declaration of trust will provide that, subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred shares to elect or remove one or more trustees, a trustee may be removed only for cause (as defined in our declaration of trust) and only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of trustees and that our board of trustees has the exclusive power to fill vacant trusteeships, even if the remaining trustees do not constitute a quorum. These provisions may preclude shareholders from removing incumbent trustees and filling the vacancies created by such removal with their own nominees.
Business Combinations
Under provisions of the MGCL that apply to Maryland real estate investment trusts, certain "business combinations" (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances specified under the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland real estate investment trust and any interested shareholder, or an affiliate of such an interested shareholder, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. Maryland law defines an interested shareholder as:
A person is not an interested shareholder under the statute if the board of trustees approves in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested shareholder. In approving a transaction, however, the board of trustees may provide that its approval is subject to
142
compliance at or after the time of the approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board of trustees.
After the five-year prohibition, unless, among other conditions, the trust's common shareholders receive a minimum price (as described under Maryland law) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for its shares, any business combination between the trust and an interested shareholder generally must be recommended by the board of trustees and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
These provisions of the MGCL do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a trust's board of trustees prior to the time that the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. Our board of trustees, pursuant to the statute, has determined to opt out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and, accordingly, the supermajority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and an interested shareholder, unless our board in the future alters or repeals this resolution. As a result, any person who later becomes an interested shareholder may be able to enter into business combinations with our company without compliance by us with the supermajority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute.
We cannot assure you that our board of trustees will not determine to become subject to such business combination provisions in the future. However, an alteration or repeal of the resolution of our board of trustees will not have any effect on any business combinations that have been consummated or upon any agreements existing at the time of such modification or repeal.
Control Share Acquisitions
Maryland law provides that "control shares" of a Maryland real estate investment trust acquired in a "control share acquisition" have no voting rights except to the extent approved at a special meeting of shareholders by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares in a Maryland real estate investment trust in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of such shares in the election of trustees: (1) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition; (2) an officer of the trust; or (3) an employee of the trust who is also a trustee of the trust. "Control shares" are voting shares that, if aggregated with all other such shares previously acquired by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing trustees within one of the following ranges of voting power:
Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained shareholder approval. A "control share acquisition" means the acquisition, directly or indirectly, of ownership of, or the power to direct the exercise of voting power with respect to, issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
143
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses and making an "acquiring person statement" as described in the MGCL), may compel our board of trustees to call a special meeting of shareholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the control shares. If no request for a special meeting is made, we may present the question at any shareholders meeting.
If voting rights of control shares are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an "acquiring person statement" as required by Maryland law, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the trust may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or of any meeting of shareholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a shareholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other shareholders may exercise appraisal rights, unless appraisal rights are eliminated under the declaration of trust. Our declaration of trust eliminates all appraisal rights of shareholders. The control share acquisition statute does not apply (1) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if we are a party to the transaction or (2) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the declaration of trust or bylaws of the trust.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our common shares. There is no assurance, however, that our board of trustees will not amend or eliminate such provision at any time in the future.
Subtitle 8
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland real estate investment trust with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent trustees to elect to be subject, by provision in its declaration of trust or bylaws or a resolution of its board of trustees and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the declaration of trust or bylaws, to any or all of the following five provisions:
Our declaration of trust will provide that, at such time as we become eligible to make a Subtitle 8 election, we elect to be subject to the provisions of Subtitle 8 relating to the filling of vacancies on our board of trustees. Through provisions in our declaration of trust and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we will also (1) require the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter for the removal of any trustee from our board, which removal will be allowed only for cause, (2) vest in our board the exclusive power to fix the number of trusteeships, subject to limitations set forth in our declaration of trust and bylaws, and fill vacancies and (3) require, unless called by the Executive Chairman of our board of trustees, the President or Chief Executive Officer or our board of trustees, the written request of shareholders entitled to cast a majority of all votes entitled to be cast at such meeting to call a special meeting. We have not elected to create a
144
classified board. In the future, our board of trustees may elect, without shareholder approval, to create a classified board or adopt one or more of the other provisions of Subtitle 8.
Amendment of Our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws and Approval of Extraordinary Transactions
Under the Maryland REIT law, a Maryland real estate investment trust generally cannot amend its declaration of trust or merge with another entity unless declared advisable by a majority of the board of trustees and approved by the affirmative vote of shareholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter unless a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, is set forth in the real estate investment trust's declaration of trust. Our declaration of trust provides that such actions (other than certain amendments to the provisions of our declaration of trust related to the removal of trustees, the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our shares and termination of the trust) may be taken if declared advisable by a majority of our board of trustees and approved by the vote of shareholders holding a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Our board of trustees will have the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and to make new bylaws.
Meetings of Shareholders
Under our bylaws, annual meetings of shareholders will be held each year at a date and time as determined by our board of trustees. Special meetings of shareholders may be called only by a majority of the trustees then in office, by the executive chairman of our board of trustees, our president or our chief executive officer. Additionally, subject to the provisions of our bylaws, special meetings of the shareholders shall be called by our secretary upon the written request of shareholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. Only matters set forth in the notice of the special meeting may be considered and acted upon at such a meeting. Maryland law and our bylaws provide that any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting by unanimous written consent, if that consent sets forth that action and is signed by each shareholder entitled to vote on the matter.
Advance Notice of Trustee Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of shareholders, nominations of persons for election to our board of trustees and the proposal of business to be considered by shareholders at the annual meeting may be made only:
With respect to special meetings of shareholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of shareholders. Nominations of persons for election to our board of trustees may be made only:
145
required by our bylaws and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws.
The purpose of requiring shareholders to give advance notice of nominations and other proposals is to afford our board of trustees the opportunity to consider the qualifications of the proposed nominees or the advisability of the other proposals and, to the extent considered necessary by our board of trustees, to inform shareholders and make recommendations regarding the nominations or other proposals. The advance notice procedures also permit a more orderly procedure for conducting our shareholder meetings. Although our bylaws will not give our board of trustees the power to disapprove timely shareholder nominations and proposals, our bylaws may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of trustees or proposals for other action if the proper procedures are not followed, and of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of trustees to our board of trustees or to approve its own proposal.
Anti-takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Declaration of Trust and Bylaws
The provisions of our declaration of trust on removal of trustees and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for holders of our common shares or otherwise be in the best interests of our shareholders. Likewise, if our board of trustees were to opt into the business combination provisions of the MGCL or certain of the provisions of Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL, or if the provision in our bylaws opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL were amended or rescinded, these provisions of the MGCL could have similar anti-takeover effects.
Indemnification and Limitation of Trustees' and Officers' Liability
The Maryland REIT law permits a Maryland real estate investment trust to include in its declaration of trust a provision limiting the liability of its trustees and officers to the trust and its shareholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our declaration of trust will contain such a provision that eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
The Maryland REIT law permits a Maryland real estate investment trust to indemnify and advance expenses to its trustees, officers, employees and agents to the same extent as permitted by the MGCL for directors and officers of a Maryland corporation. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify a director or officer for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or if the director or officer was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses.
146
In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation's receipt of:
Our declaration of trust and bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:
Our declaration of trust and bylaws also permit us, with the approval of our board of trustees, to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company.
In addition, upon completion of this offering, we intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our trustees and executive officers that provide for indemnification to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of trustees, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that, in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Share Ownership Limits
Subject to certain exceptions, our declaration of trust provides that no person or entity (other than a person or entity who has been granted an exception) may directly or indirectly, beneficially or constructively, own more than 9.8% of the aggregate of our outstanding common shares, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, or 9.8% of the aggregate of the outstanding preferred shares of any class or series, by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive. For more information regarding these restrictions and the constructive ownership rules, see "Description of SharesRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer."
REIT Qualification
Our declaration of trust provides that our board of trustees may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without approval of our shareholders, if we determine that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
147
DESCRIPTION OF OUR OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND OUR PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
We have summarized the material terms and provisions of the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., which we refer to as the "partnership agreement." This summary is not complete. For more detail, you should refer to the partnership agreement itself, a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See "Where You Can Find More Information." For purposes of this section, references to "we," "our," "us" and "our company" refer to RLJ Lodging Trust.
General
RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., our operating partnership, was formed on January 31, 2011 to acquire, own and operate our assets. We are considered to be an UPREIT in which all of our assets are owned in a limited partnership, our operating partnership, of which we are the sole general partner. For purposes of satisfying the asset and income tests for qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our proportionate share of the assets and income of our operating partnership will be deemed to be our assets and income. We will conduct substantially all of our business through our operating partnership and its subsidiaries, and we are liable for its obligations.
Our operating partnership is structured to make distributions with respect to OP units that will be equivalent to the distributions made to our common shareholders. The partnership agreement will permit limited partners in our operating partnership to redeem their OP units for cash or, at our election, our common shares on a one-for-one basis (in a taxable transaction) beginning one year after the date of issuance, which will enable limited partners, if our shares are then listed, to achieve liquidity for their investment.
We are the sole general partner of our operating partnership, and, upon completion of this offering and our formation transactions, we will own approximately % of the OP units in our operating partnership. Except as otherwise expressly provided in the partnership agreement, we, as the sole general partner, have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business of our operating partnership. The limited partners of our operating partnership have no authority in their capacity as limited partners to transact business for, or participate in the management activities or decisions of, our operating partnership except as required by applicable law. Consequently, we, as general partner, have full power and authority to do all things we deem necessary or desirable to conduct the business of our operating partnership, as described below. The limited partners have no power to remove us as general partner as long as our shares are publicly traded.
Capital Contributions
We will transfer substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering to our operating partnership as a capital contribution in the amount of the gross offering proceeds received from investors, and we will receive a number of OP units equal to the number of common shares issued to investors. Our operating partnership will be deemed to have simultaneously paid the selling commissions and other costs associated with this offering. If our operating partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of capital contributions made by us or from borrowing, we may borrow funds from a financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to our operating partnership on the same terms and conditions as are applicable to our borrowing of such funds. In addition, we are authorized to cause our operating partnership to issue OP units for less than fair market value if we conclude in good faith that such issuance is in the best interest of our operating partnership and our shareholders.
Operations
The partnership agreement requires that our operating partnership be operated in a manner that will enable us to (1) satisfy the requirements for classification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax
148
purposes, (2) avoid any U.S. federal income or excise tax liability and (3) ensure that our operating partnership will not be classified as a "publicly traded partnership" for purposes of Section 7704 of the Code, which classification could result in our operating partnership being taxed as a corporation, rather than as a partnership.
Distributions
The partnership agreement requires that our operating partnership distribute available cash to its partners on at least a quarterly basis in accordance with their relative percentage interests or specified preferences, if any. Available cash is all cash revenues and funds received plus any reduction in reserves and minus interest and principal payments on debt, all cash expenditures (including capital expenditures), investments in any entity, any additions to reserves and other adjustments, as determined by us in our sole and absolute discretion. Distributions will be made in a manner such that a holder of one OP unit will receive the same amount of distributions from our operating partnership as the amount paid by us to a holder of one common share.
Unless we otherwise specifically agree in the partnership agreement or in an agreement entered into at the time a new class or series is created, no OP unit will be entitled to a distribution in preference to any other OP unit. A partner will not in any event receive a distribution of available cash with respect to an OP unit for a quarter or shorter period if the partner is entitled to receive a distribution out of that same available cash with respect to a share of our company for which that OP unit has been exchanged or redeemed.
Upon the liquidation of our operating partnership, after payment of debts and obligations, any remaining assets of our operating partnership will be distributed to the holders of the OP units that are entitled to any preference in distribution upon liquidation in accordance with the rights of any such class or series, and the balance, if any, will be distributed to the partners in accordance with their capital accounts, after giving effect to all contributions, distributions and allocations for all periods.
Allocations of Net Income and Net Loss
Net income and net loss of our operating partnership are determined and allocated with respect to each fiscal year of our operating partnership. Except as otherwise provided in the partnership agreement, an allocation of a share of net income or net loss is treated as an allocation of the same share of each item of income, gain, loss or deduction that is taken into account in computing net income or net loss. Except as otherwise provided in the partnership agreement, net income and net loss are allocated to the general partner and the other holders of the OP units in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the OP units at the end of each fiscal year. Upon the occurrence of certain specific events or a later issuance of additional LTIP units, our operating partnership will revalue its assets and any net increase in valuation will be allocated first to holders of LTIP units, if any, to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of OP unit holders. The partnership agreement contains provisions for special allocations intended to comply with certain regulatory requirements, including the requirements of Treasury Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b), 1.704-2 and 1.752-3(a). See "Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations."
LTIP Units
Following this offering, we may at any time cause our operating partnership to issue LTIP units to members of our senior management team. These LTIP units will vest on such terms as determined by our compensation committee. In general, LTIP units are a special class of OP units in our operating partnership and will receive the same quarterly per unit profit distributions as the other outstanding OP units in our operating partnership. Initially, each LTIP unit will have a capital account of zero and, therefore, the holder of the LTIP unit would receive nothing if our operating partnership were
149
liquidated immediately after the LTIP unit is awarded. However, the partnership agreement requires that "book gain" or economic appreciation in our assets realized by our operating partnership, whether as a result of an actual asset sale or upon the revaluation of our assets, as permitted by applicable Treasury Regulations, be allocated first to LTIP units until the capital account per LTIP unit is equal to the capital account per unit of our operating partnership. The applicable Treasury Regulations provide that assets of our operating partnership may be revalued upon specified events, including upon additional capital contributions by us or other partners of our operating partnership or a later issuance of additional LTIP units. Upon equalization of the capital account of the LTIP unit with the per unit capital account of the OP units and full vesting of the LTIP unit, the LTIP unit will be convertible into an OP unit at any time. There is a risk that a LTIP unit will never become convertible because of insufficient gain realization to equalize capital accounts and, therefore, the value that a holder will realize for a given number of vested LTIP units may be less than the value of an equal number of common shares.
Transfers
We, as general partner, generally may not transfer any of our OP units in our operating partnership, including any of our limited partner interests, or voluntarily withdraw as the general partner of our operating partnership, except in connection with a merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another person, a sale of all or substantially all of our assets or any reclassification, recapitalization or change of our outstanding shares.
With certain limited exceptions, the limited partners may not transfer their interests in our operating partnership, in whole or in part, without our prior written consent, which consent may be withheld in our sole and absolute discretion. We also have the right to prohibit transfers by limited partners under certain circumstances if it would have certain adverse tax consequences to us or our operating partnership.
Except with our consent to the admission of the transferee as a limited partner, no transferee shall have any rights by virtue of the transfer other than the rights of an assignee, and will not be entitled to vote OP units in any matter presented to the limited partners for a vote. We, as general partner, will have the right to consent to the admission of a transferee of the interest of a limited partner, which consent may be given or withheld by us in our sole and absolute discretion.
Mergers and Sales of Assets
We may engage in a merger, consolidation or other combination transaction, or sell, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets, only if the transaction has been approved by the consent of the partners holding OP units representing more than 50% of the percentage interests (as defined in the partnership agreement) entitled to vote thereon, including any OP units held by us, and in connection with such transaction all limited partners have the right to receive consideration which, on a per unit basis, is equivalent in value to the consideration to be received by our shareholders, on a per share basis, and such other conditions are met that are expressly provided for in the partnership agreement. In addition, we may engage in a merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another person where following the completion of such transaction, the equity holders of the surviving entity are substantially identical to our shareholders.
Redemption Right
As a general rule, limited partners will have the right to cause our operating partnership to redeem their OP units at any time beginning one year following the date of the issuance of the OP units held by any such limited partner. If we give the limited partners notice of our intention to make an extraordinary distribution of cash or property to our shareholders or effect a merger, a sale of all or
150
substantially all of our assets, or any other similar extraordinary transaction, each limited partner may exercise its right to redeem its OP units, regardless of the length of time such limited partner has held its OP units.
Unless we elect to assume and perform our operating partnership's obligation with respect to the unit redemption right, as described below, a limited partner exercising a unit redemption right will receive cash from our operating partnership in an amount equal to the market value of our common shares for which the OP units would have been redeemed if we had assumed and satisfied our operating partnership's obligation by paying the redemption amount in our common shares, as described below. The market value of our common shares for this purpose (assuming a market then exists) will be equal to the average of the closing trading price of our common shares on the NYSE for the 10 trading days before the day on which we received the redemption notice.
We have the right to elect to acquire the OP units being redeemed directly from a limited partner in exchange for either cash in the amount specified above or a number of our common shares equal to the number of OP units offered for redemption, adjusted as specified in the partnership agreement to take into account prior share dividends or any subdivisions or combinations of our common shares. As general partner, we will have the sole discretion to elect whether the redemption right will be satisfied by us in cash or our common shares. No redemption or exchange can occur if delivery of common shares by us would be prohibited either under the provisions of our declaration of trust or under applicable federal or state securities laws, in each case regardless of whether we would in fact elect to assume and satisfy the unit redemption right with shares.
Issuance of Additional Partnership Interests
We, as general partner, are authorized to cause our operating partnership to issue additional OP units or other partnership interests to its partners, including us and our affiliates, or other persons. These OP units may be issued in one or more classes or in one or more series of any class, with designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, powers and duties, including rights, powers and duties senior to one or more other classes of partnership interests (including OP units held by us), as determined by us in our sole and absolute discretion without the approval of any limited partner, subject to the limitations described below.
No OP unit or interest may be issued to us as general partner or limited partner unless:
Indemnification and Limitation of Liability
The partnership agreement expressly limits our liability by providing that neither we, as the general partner of our operating partnership, nor any of our trustees or officers, will be liable or accountable in damages to our operating partnership, the limited partners or assignees for errors in judgment, mistakes of fact or law or for any act or omission if we, or such trustee or officer, acted in good faith. In addition, our operating partnership is required to indemnify us, and our officers, trustees,
151
employees, agents and designees to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law from and against any and all claims arising from operations of our operating partnership, unless it is established that (1) the act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (2) the indemnified party actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the indemnified person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Our operating partnership also must pay or reimburse the reasonable expenses of any such person upon its receipt of a written affirmation of the person's good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met and a written undertaking to repay any amounts paid or advanced if it is ultimately determined that the person did not meet the standard of conduct for indemnification.
Amendment of Partnership Agreement
Amendments to the partnership agreement may be proposed by us, as general partner, or by any limited partner holding partnership interests representing 25% or more of the percentage interests entitled to vote thereon. In general, the partnership agreement may be amended only with the approval of the general partner and the written consent of the partners holding partnership interests representing more than 50% of the percentage interests entitled to vote thereon. However, as general partner, we will have the power, without the consent of the limited partners, to amend the partnership agreement as may be required:
The approval of a majority of the partnership interests held by limited partners other than us is necessary to amend provisions regarding, among other things:
152
Amendments to the partnership agreement that would, among other things, (1) convert a limited partner's interest into a general partner's interest, (2) modify the limited liability of a limited partner, (3) alter the interest of a partner in profits or losses, or the right to receive any distributions, except as permitted under the partnership agreement with respect to the admission of new partners or the issuance of additional OP units, or (4) materially alter the unit redemption right of the limited partners, must be approved by each affected limited partner or any assignee who is a bona fide financial institution that loans money or otherwise extends credit to a holder of OP units or partnership interests that would be adversely affected by the amendment.
Term
Our operating partnership will continue until dissolved pursuant to the partnership agreement or as otherwise provided by law.
Tax Matters
Pursuant to the partnership agreement, the general partner is the tax matters partner of our operating partnership. Accordingly, through our role as the general partner of our operating partnership, we have authority to make tax elections under the Code on behalf of our operating partnership, and to take such other actions as permitted under the partnership agreement.
Conflicts of Interest
Conflicts of interest exist or could arise in the future as a result of our relationships with our operating partnership or any limited partner of our operating partnership. Our trustees and officers have duties to our company and our shareholders under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we, as sole general partner, have fiduciary duties to our operating partnership and to its limited partners under Delaware law in connection with the management of our operating partnership. Our duties as sole general partner to our operating partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our trustees and officers to our company and our shareholders.
153
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the qualification and taxation of RLJ Lodging Trust as a REIT and the ownership and disposition of the common shares of our company. As used in this section, references to the terms "Company," "we," "our," and "us" mean only RLJ Lodging Trust, and not its subsidiaries or other lower-tier entities, except as otherwise indicated. This summary is based upon the Code, the Treasury regulations, rulings and other administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS (including administrative interpretations and practices expressed in private letter rulings which are binding on the IRS only with respect to the particular taxpayers who requested and received those rulings), and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect, and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. We have not sought and will not seek an advance ruling from the IRS regarding any matter discussed in this section. The summary is also based upon the assumption that we will operate our company and its subsidiaries and affiliated entities in accordance with their applicable organizational documents. This summary is for general information only, and does not purport to discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to a particular investor in light of its investment or tax circumstances, or to investors subject to special tax rules, including:
This summary does not address state, local or non-U.S. tax considerations and assumes that shareholders will hold our common shares as a capital asset, which generally means as property held for investment.
The U.S. federal income tax treatment of holders of our common shares depends in some instances on determinations of fact and interpretations of complex provisions of U.S. federal income tax law for which no clear precedent or authority may be available. In addition, the tax consequences to any particular shareholder of holding our common shares will depend on the shareholder's particular tax circumstances. You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign income and other tax consequences to you in light of your particular investment or tax circumstances of acquiring, holding, exchanging, or otherwise disposing of our common shares.
The discussion set forth herein is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice.
154
Taxation of our Company
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT, commencing with our short taxable year commencing at the time of this offering and ending December 31, 2011, upon the filing of our U.S. federal income tax return for such year. We believe that we will have been organized, and expect to operate, in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT.
The law firm of Hogan Lovells US LLP has acted as our tax counsel in connection with this offering. We expect to receive an opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP to the effect that, commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31, 2011, we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and that our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. It must be emphasized that the opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP will be based on various assumptions relating to our organization and operation, will be conditioned upon factual representations and covenants made by our management regarding our organization, assets, income, the present and future conduct of our business operations, and other items regarding our ability to meet the various requirements for qualification as a REIT, and will assume that such representations and covenants are accurate and complete and that we will take no action inconsistent with our qualification as a REIT. While we intend to operate so that we will qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given by Hogan Lovells US LLP or by us that we will qualify as a REIT for any particular year. The opinion will be expressed as of the date issued. Hogan Lovells US LLP will have no obligation to advise us or our shareholders of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in the applicable law. You should be aware that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS, and no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge the conclusions set forth in such opinions. Hogan Lovells US LLP's opinion does not foreclose the possibility that we may have to utilize one or more of the REIT savings provisions discussed below, which could require us to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order for us to maintain our REIT qualification.
Qualification and taxation as a REIT depends on our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual operating results, distribution levels, and diversity of share and asset ownership, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Code, the compliance with which will not be reviewed by Hogan Lovells US LLP. In addition, our ability to qualify as a REIT may depend in part upon the operating results, organizational structure and entity classification for U.S. federal income tax purposes of certain entities in which we invest, which entities will not have been reviewed by Hogan Lovells US LLP. Our ability to qualify as a REIT also requires that we satisfy certain asset tests, some of which depend upon the fair market values of assets that we own directly or indirectly. Such values may not be susceptible to a precise determination. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operations for any taxable year will satisfy such requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
Taxation of REITs in General
As indicated above, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various qualification requirements imposed upon REITs by the Code. The material qualification requirements are summarized below under "Requirements for Qualification as a REIT." While we intend to operate so that we qualify as a REIT, no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge our qualification, or that we will be able to operate in accordance with the REIT requirements in the future. See "Failure to Qualify as a REIT."
Provided that we qualify as a REIT, we will be entitled to a deduction for dividends that we pay and, therefore, will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our taxable income that is
155
currently distributed to our shareholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the "double taxation" at the corporate and shareholder levels that generally results from investment in a corporation. In general, income generated by a REIT is taxed only at the shareholder level upon a distribution of dividends by the REIT to its shareholders.
For tax years through 2012, most shareholders who are individual U.S. shareholders (as defined below) are taxed on corporate dividends at a maximum rate of 15% (the same as long-term capital gains). With limited exceptions, however, dividends received by individual U.S. shareholders from us or from other entities that are taxed as REITs are taxed at rates applicable to ordinary income, which are as high as 35% through 2012 (and, in the absence of legislative action, will be as high as 39.6% starting in 2013). See "Taxation of ShareholdersTaxation of Taxable U.S. ShareholdersDistributions Generally."
Any net operating losses, foreign tax credits and other tax attributes of a REIT generally do not pass through to our shareholders, subject to special rules for certain items such as the capital gains that we recognize. See "Taxation of Shareholders."
Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax in the following circumstances:
156
the assets in question multiplied by the highest corporate tax rate (currently 35%) if that amount exceeds $50,000 per failure.
Notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we and our subsidiaries may be subject to a variety of taxes, including payroll taxes and state, local, and foreign income, property and other taxes on our assets, operations and net worth. We could also be subject to tax in other situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
Requirements for Qualification as a REIT
The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:
157
The Code provides that conditions (1), (2), (3) and (4) must be met during the entire taxable year, and condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Conditions (5) and (6) need not be satisfied during a corporation's initial tax year as a REIT (which, in our case, will be 2011). Our declaration of trust provides restrictions regarding the ownership and transfers of our shares, which are intended to assist us in satisfying the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. For purposes of condition (6), an "individual" generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefit plan, a private foundation or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. However, a trust that is a qualified trust under Code Section 401(a) generally is not considered an individual, and beneficiaries of a qualified trust are treated as holding shares of a REIT in proportion to their actual interests in the trust for purposes of condition (6) above.
To monitor compliance with the share ownership requirements, we are generally required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of our shares. To do so, we must demand written statements each year from the record holders of significant percentages of our shares pursuant to which the record holders must disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e., the persons required to include in gross income the dividends paid by us). We must maintain a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand as part of our records. We could be subject to monetary penalties if we fail to comply with these record-keeping requirements. A shareholder that fails or refuses to comply with the demand is required by Treasury regulations to submit a statement with its tax return disclosing the actual ownership of our shares and other information.
We will elect to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes with respect to our short taxable year ending December 31, 2011, when we file our U.S. federal income tax return for such short taxable year in satisfaction of condition (7). To satisfy requirement (8), we have adopted December 31 as our year end. We will have no earnings and profits from a non-REIT year in satisfaction of condition (10).
The Code provides relief from violations of the REIT gross income requirements, as described below under "Gross Income Tests," in cases where a violation is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, and other requirements are met, including the payment of a penalty tax that is based upon the magnitude of the violation. In addition, certain provisions of the Code extend similar relief in the case of certain violations of the REIT asset requirements (see "Asset Tests" below) and other REIT requirements, again provided that the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful
158
neglect, and other conditions are met, including the payment of a penalty tax. If we fail to satisfy any of the various REIT requirements, there can be no assurance that these relief provisions would be available to enable us to maintain our qualification as a REIT, and, if such relief provisions are available, the amount of any resultant penalty tax could be substantial.
Effect of Subsidiary Entities
Ownership of Partnerships
All of our initial hotels are owned through subsidiaries of our operating partnership. We intend that our operating partnership will qualify as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, Treasury regulations provide that the REIT is deemed to own its proportionate share of the partnership's assets, and to earn its proportionate share of the partnership's income, for purposes of the asset and gross income tests applicable to REITs, as described below. A REIT's proportionate share of a partnership's assets and income is based on the REIT's pro rata share of the capital interests in the partnership. However, solely for purposes of the 10% value test, described below, the determination of a REIT's interest in partnership assets is based on the REIT's proportionate interest in the equity and certain debt securities issued by the partnership. In addition, the assets and gross income of the partnership are deemed to retain the same character in the hands of the REIT. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets and items of income of any subsidiary partnerships will be treated as our assets and items of income for purposes of applying the REIT requirements.
Any investment in partnerships involves special tax considerations, including the possibility of a challenge by the IRS of the status of any subsidiary partnership as a partnership, as opposed to an association taxable as a corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If any such entity were treated as an association for U.S. federal income tax purposes, it would be taxable as a corporation and therefore could be subject to an entity-level tax on its income. In such a situation, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change and could preclude us from satisfying the REIT asset tests or the gross income tests as discussed in "Asset Tests" and "Gross Income Tests," and in turn could prevent us from qualifying as a REIT, unless we are eligible for relief from the violation pursuant to relief provisions. See "Gross Income Tests," "Asset Tests," and "Failure to Qualify as a REIT," below, for a discussion of the effect of the failure to satisfy the REIT tests for a taxable year, and of the relief provisions. In addition, any change in the status of any subsidiary partnership for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case we could have taxable income that is subject to the REIT distribution requirements without receiving any cash.
Pursuant to Treasury regulations under Section 7701 of the Code, a partnership will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless it elects to be treated as a corporation or would be treated as a corporation because it is a "publicly-traded partnership."
Neither our operating partnership nor any of its non-corporate subsidiaries that are not TRSs or Qualified REIT Subsidiaries, or QRSs, has elected or will elect to be treated as a corporation. Therefore, subject to the disclosure below, our operating partnership and each subsidiary that is not a TRS or QRS (or REIT, to the extent the operating partnership has REIT subsidiaries) will be treated as either a disregarded entity or as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Pursuant to Section 7704 of the Code, a partnership that does not elect to be treated as a corporation nevertheless will be treated as a corporation that is not a TRS, QRS or REIT for federal income tax purposes if it is a "publicly-traded partnership" and it does not derive at least 90% of its gross income from certain specified sources of "qualifying income" within the meaning of that section. A "publicly-traded partnership" is any partnership (1) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or (2) the interests in which are readily tradable on a "secondary market or the "substantial equivalent thereof." To the extent we have unaffiliated owners of OP units, such OP
159
units will not be traded on an established securities market, and we will take the reporting position for U.S. federal income tax purposes that our operating partnership is not a publicly-traded partnership. There is a significant risk, however, that the right of a holder of OP units to redeem the units for our common shares could cause OP units to be considered readily tradable on the substantial equivalent of a secondary market. Under the relevant Treasury regulations, interests in a partnership will not be considered readily tradable on a secondary market or on the substantial equivalent of a secondary market if the partnership qualifies for specified "safe harbors," which are based on the specific facts and circumstances relating to the partnership. We believe that our operating partnership will qualify for at least one of these safe harbors at all times in the foreseeable future. If our operating partnership were treated as a publicly-traded partnership for federal income tax purposes, it would be taxed as a corporation unless at least 90% of its gross income consisted of "qualifying income" under Section 7704 of the Code. Qualifying income is generally real property rents and other types of passive income. We believe that our operating partnership will have sufficient qualifying income so that it would be taxed as a partnership, even if it were a publicly-traded partnership. The income requirements applicable to us to qualify as a REIT under the Code and the definition of qualifying income under the publicly-traded partnership rules are very similar. Although differences exist between these two income tests, we do not believe that these differences would cause our operating partnership not to satisfy the 90% gross income test applicable to publicly-traded partnerships.
Under the Code and the Treasury regulations, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated for tax purposes so that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed property at the time of contribution, and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the time of contribution (a "book-tax difference"). Such allocations are solely for U.S. federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners.
To the extent that any subsidiary partnership acquires appreciated (or depreciated) properties by way of capital contributions from its partners, allocations would need to be made in a manner consistent with these requirements. Where a partner contributes cash to a partnership at a time that the partnership holds appreciated (or depreciated) property, the Treasury regulations provide for a similar allocation of these items to the other (i.e., non-contributing) partners. These rules may apply to a contribution that we make to any subsidiary partnership of the cash proceeds received in offerings of our common shares. As a result, the partners of a subsidiary partnership, including us, could be allocated greater or lesser amounts of depreciation and taxable income in respect of a partnership's properties than would be the case if all of the partnership's assets (including any contributed assets) had a tax basis equal to their fair market values at the time of any contributions to that partnership. This could cause us to recognize, over a period of time, taxable income in excess of cash flow from the partnership, which might adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements discussed below and result in a greater portion of our distribution being taxable as a dividend.
Ownership of Disregarded Subsidiaries
If a REIT owns a corporate subsidiary that is a QRS, that subsidiary is generally disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT itself, including for purposes of the gross income and asset tests applicable to REITs, as described below. A QRS is any corporation other than a TRS that is directly or indirectly wholly-owned by a REIT. Other entities that are wholly-owned by us, including single member limited liability companies that have not elected to be taxed as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, are also
160
generally disregarded as separate entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including for purposes of the REIT income and asset tests. Disregarded subsidiaries, along with any partnerships in which we hold an equity interest, are sometimes referred to herein as "pass-through subsidiaries."
In the event that a disregarded subsidiary ceases to be wholly-owned by us (for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another disregarded subsidiary of ours) the subsidiary's separate existence would no longer be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Instead, the subsidiary would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation unless it is a TRS or a QRS. See "Gross Income Tests" and "Asset Tests."
Ownership of Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
In general, a REIT may jointly elect with a subsidiary corporation, whether or not wholly-owned, to treat such subsidiary corporation as a TRS. The separate existence of a TRS or other taxable corporation is not ignored for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, a TRS or other taxable corporation generally would be subject to corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow generated by us and our subsidiaries in the aggregate, and may reduce our ability to make distributions to our shareholders. A REIT is not treated as holding the assets of a TRS or other taxable subsidiary corporation or as receiving any income that the subsidiary earns. Rather, the shares issued by a taxable subsidiary to a REIT is an asset in the hands of the REIT, and the REIT generally treats the dividends paid to it from such taxable subsidiary, if any, as income. This treatment can affect the income and asset test calculations that apply to the REIT. Because a parent REIT does not include the assets and income of TRSs or other taxable subsidiary corporations in determining the parent REIT's compliance with the REIT requirements, such entities may be used by the parent REIT to undertake indirectly activities that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude the parent REIT from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. If dividends are paid to us by one or more TRSs we may own, then a portion of the dividends that we distribute to shareholders who are taxed at individual rates generally will be eligible (through 2012 in the absence of legislative action) for taxation at preferential qualified dividend income tax rates rather than at ordinary income rates. See "Annual Distribution Requirements" and "Taxation of ShareholdersTaxation of Taxable U.S. Shareholders."
Generally, a TRS can perform impermissible tenant services without causing us to receive impermissible tenant services income under the REIT income tests. However, current restrictions imposed on TRSs are intended to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels of U.S. federal income taxation. First, a TRS may not deduct interest paid or accrued by a TRS to an affiliated REIT to the extent that such payments exceed, generally, 50% of the TRS' adjusted taxable income for that year (although the TRS may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year the disallowed interest amount if the 50% test is satisfied in that year). In addition, the rules impose a 100% excise tax on transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT or the REIT's tenants that are not conducted on an arm's-length basis. We intend that all of our transactions with our TRSs will be conducted on an arm's-length basis.
A TRS cannot directly or indirectly operate or manage a lodging facility (or health care facility) or, generally, provide to another person, under a franchise, license or otherwise, rights to any brand name under which any lodging facility (or health care facility) is operated. Although a TRS may not operate or manage a lodging facility, it may lease or own such a facility so long as the facility is a "qualified lodging facility" and such facility is operated on behalf of the TRS by an "eligible independent contractor." A "qualified lodging facility" is, generally, a hotel at which no authorized gambling activities are conducted, and includes the customary amenities and facilities operated as part
161
of, or associated with, the hotel. "Customary amenities" must be customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other owners unrelated to the REIT. An "eligible independent contractor" is an independent contractor that, at the time a management agreement is entered into with a TRS to operate a "qualified lodging facility," is actively engaged in the trade or business of operating "qualified lodging facilities" for a person or persons unrelated to either the TRS or any REITs with which the TRS is affiliated. A hotel management company that otherwise would qualify as an "eligible independent contractor" with regard to a TRS of a REIT will not so qualify if the hotel management company and/or one or more actual or constructive owners of 10% or more of the hotel management company actually or constructively own more than 35% of the REIT, or one or more actual or constructive owners of more than 35% of the hotel management company own 35% or more of the REIT (determined with respect to a REIT whose shares are regularly traded on an established securities market by taking into account only the shares held by persons owning, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the REIT and, if the shares of the eligible independent contractor is publicly-traded, 5% of the publicly-traded shares of the eligible independent contractor). We believe, and currently intend to take all steps reasonably practicable to ensure, that none of our TRSs has engaged or will engage in "operating" or "managing" its hotels and that the hotel management companies engaged to operate and manage hotels leased to or owned by the TRSs have qualified and continue to qualify as "eligible independent contractors" with regard to those TRSs.
Gross Income Tests
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy two gross income requirements on an annual basis. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, certain hedging transactions, as described below, and certain foreign currency transactions) must be derived from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including:
Second, at least 95% of our gross income in each taxable year (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, certain hedging transactions, as described below, and certain foreign currency transactions) must be derived from some combination of income that qualifies under the 75% gross income test described above, as well as (1) other dividends, (2) interest, and (3) gain from the sale or disposition of shares or securities, in either case, not held for sale to customers.
For purposes of one or both of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, the following items of income are excluded from the computation of gross income: (1) gross income from prohibited transactions; (2) certain foreign currency income; and (3) income and gain from certain hedging transactions. See "Income from Hedging Transactions."
Rents from Real Property
We expect that rents paid pursuant to our leases of our initial hotels to our TRSs, together with dividends and interest received from the TRSs, will constitute substantially all of our gross income (other than income from the sale of hotels). Rents received by us will qualify as "rents from real
162
property" in satisfying the gross income requirements described above only if the following conditions are met:
In order for the rent paid pursuant to our leases to our TRSs to constitute "rents from real property," the leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the leases cannot be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. The determination of whether the leases are true leases for federal income tax purposes depends upon an analysis of all the surrounding facts and circumstances. In making such a determination, courts have considered a variety of factors, including the following:
163
In addition, Section 7701(e) of the Code provides that a contract that purports to be a service contract or a partnership agreement is treated instead as a lease of property if the contract is properly treated as such, taking into account all relevant factors. Since the determination of whether a service contract should be treated as a lease is inherently factual, the presence or absence of any single factor may not be dispositive in every case.
Our leases have been structured with the intent to qualify as true leases for federal income tax purposes. If, however, the leases were recharacterized as service contracts or partnership agreements, rather than true leases, or disregarded altogether for tax purposes, all or part of the payments that we receive from the TRSs would not be considered rent or would not otherwise satisfy the various requirements for qualification as "rents from real property." In that case, we likely would not be able to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income tests and, as a result, would lose our REIT status.
As indicated above, "rents from real property" must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. Each of our company's leases provides for periodic payments of a specified base rent plus, to the extent that it exceeds the base rent, additional rent which is calculated based upon the gross sales of the hotels subject to the lease, plus certain other amounts. Payments made pursuant to these leases should qualify as "rents from real property" since they are generally based on either fixed dollar amounts or on specified percentages of gross sales fixed at the time the leases were entered into. The foregoing assumes that the leases have not been and will not be renegotiated during their term in a manner that has the effect of basing either the percentage rent or base rent on income or profits. The foregoing also assumes that the leases are not in reality used as a means of basing rent on income or profits. More generally, the rent payable under the leases will not qualify as "rents from real property" if, considering the leases and all the surrounding circumstances, the arrangement does not conform with normal business practice. Our company has not renegotiated, and does not intend to renegotiate, the percentages used to determine the percentage rent during the terms of the leases in a manner that has had or will have the effect of basing rent on income or profits. In addition, our company believes that the rental provisions and other terms of the leases conform with normal business practice and generally are not intended to be used as a means of basing rent on income or profits. Furthermore, our company intends that, with respect to properties that it acquires in the future, it will not charge rent for any property that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person, except by reason of being based on a fixed percentage of gross revenues, as described above.
As noted above, under the Code, if a lease provides for the rental of both real and personal property and the portion of the rent attributable to personal property is 15% or less of the total rent due under the lease, then all rent paid pursuant to such lease qualifies as "rents from real property." If, however, a lease provides for the rental of both real and personal property, and the portion of the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent due under the lease, then no portion of the rent that is attributable to personal property will qualify as "rents from real property." The amount of rent attributable to personal property is the amount which bears the same ratio to total rent for the taxable year as the average of the fair market value of the personal property at the beginning and end of the year bears to the average of the aggregate fair market value of both the real and personal property at the beginning and end of such year. Substantially all of our personal property is owned by our TRSs.
164
Interest Income
Interest generally will be non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests if it depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, interest based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales may still qualify under the gross income tests. We expect to receive interest payments from our TRSs, which will constitute qualifying income for purpose of the 95% gross income test but not necessarily the 75% gross income test. We do not expect that these amounts of interest will affect our ability to qualify under the 75% gross income test.
Dividend Income
We may receive distributions from TRSs or other corporations that are not REITs or QRSs. These distributions generally are treated as dividend income to the extent of the earnings and profits of the distributing corporation. Such distributions will generally constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any dividends that we receive from a REIT will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 95% and 75% gross income tests.
Income from Hedging Transactions
From time to time we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Any such hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including the use of derivative instruments such as interest rate swap or cap agreements, option agreements, and futures or forward contracts. Income of a REIT, including income from a pass-through subsidiary, arising from "clearly identified" hedging transactions that are entered into to manage the risk of interest rate or price changes with respect to borrowings, including gain from the disposition of such hedging transactions, to the extent the hedging transactions hedge indebtedness incurred, or to be incurred, by the REIT to acquire or carry real estate assets, will not be treated as gross income for purposes of the either the 75% or the 95% gross income tests. Income of a REIT arising from hedging transactions that are entered into to manage the risk of currency fluctuations will not be treated as gross income for purposes of either the 95% gross income test or the 75% gross income test provided that the transaction is "clearly identified." In general, for a hedging transaction to be "clearly identified," (1) it must be identified as a hedging transaction before the end of the day on which it is acquired, originated, or entered into; and (2) the items of risks being hedged must be identified "substantially contemporaneously" with entering into the hedging transaction (generally not more than 35 days after entering into the hedging transaction). To the extent that we hedge with other types of financial instruments or in other situations, the resultant income will be treated as income that does not qualify under the 95% or 75% gross income tests unless the hedge meets certain requirements, and we elect to integrate it with a specified asset and to treat the integrated position as a synthetic debt instrument. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT, although this determination depends on an analysis of the facts and circumstances concerning each hedging transaction.
Income from Prohibited Transactions
Net income that we derive from a prohibited transaction is excluded from gross income solely for purposes of the gross income tests and subject to a 100% tax. Any foreign currency gain (as defined in Section 988(b)(2) of the Code) in connection with a prohibited transaction will be taken into account in determining the amount of income subject to the 100% tax. The term "prohibited transaction" generally includes a sale or other disposition of property (other than foreclosure property, as discussed below) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business by us. Whether property is held "primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business" depends on the particular facts and circumstances. We currently intend that we will hold our initial
165
hotels for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, engage in the business of acquiring and owning hotels and make sales of hotels consistent with our investment objectives. No assurance can be given that any hotels or other property that we sell will not be treated as property held for sale to customers, or that we can comply with certain safe-harbor provisions of the Code that would prevent such treatment. The 100% tax does not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular corporate rates.
Income from Foreclosure Property
We generally will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 35%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that constitutes qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Foreclosure property is real property and any personal property incident to such real property (1) that we acquire as the result of having bid on the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after a default (or upon imminent default) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by us and secured by the property, (2) for which we acquired the related loan or lease at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated, and (3) with respect to which we made a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property. To the extent that we receive any income from foreclosure property that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test, we intend to make an election to treat the related property as foreclosure property.
Failure to Satisfy the Gross Income Tests
We intend to monitor our sources of income, including any non-qualifying income received by us, and manage our assets so as to ensure our compliance with the gross income tests. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may still qualify as a REIT for such year if we are entitled to relief under applicable provisions of the Code. These relief provisions will be generally available if (1) our failure to meet these tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and (2) following our identification of the failure to meet the 75% and/or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we file a schedule with the IRS setting forth a description of each item of our gross income that satisfies the gross income tests for such taxable year in accordance with Treasury regulations. It is not possible to state whether we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions in all circumstances. As discussed above under "Taxation of REITs in General," even where these relief provisions apply, the Code imposes a tax based upon the profit attributable to the amount by which we fail to satisfy the particular gross income test, which could be significant in amount.
Certain Potential Excise Taxes on TRS Payments
Any redetermined rents, redetermined deductions or excess interest we generate will be subject to a 100% penalty tax. In general, redetermined rents are rents from real property that are overstated as a result of services furnished by a TRS to our tenants, and redetermined deductions and excess interest represent amounts that are deducted by a TRS for amounts paid to us that are in excess of the amounts that would have been deducted based on arm's-length negotiations. Rents that we receive will not constitute redetermined rents if they qualify for safe-harbor provisions contained in the Code. Safe-harbor provisions are provided where:
166
While we believe that our arrangements with our TRSs reflect arm's-length terms, these determinations are inherently factual, and the IRS has broad discretion to assert that amounts paid between related parties should be reallocated to accurately reflect their respective incomes. It has been reported that the IRS is conducting at least one audit of another lodging REIT, focusing on intercompany hotel leases between the REIT and its TRSs which purportedly reflect market terms. It has also been reported that the IRS has proposed transfer pricing adjustments in connection with this audit.
Asset Tests
At the close of each calendar quarter, we must satisfy the following tests relating to the nature of our assets. For purposes of the asset tests, a REIT is not treated as owning the shares of a QRS or an equity interest in any entity treated as a partnership otherwise disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Instead, a REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets held by such entity.
The 10% value test does not apply to certain "straight debt" and other excluded securities, as described in the Code, including (1) loans to individuals or estates, (2) obligations to pay rents from real property, (3) rental agreements described in Section 467 of the Code (generally, obligations related to deferred rental payments, other than with respect to transactions with related party tenants), (4) securities issued by other REITs, (5) certain securities issued by a state, the District of Columbia, a foreign government, or a political subdivision of any of the foregoing, or the Commonwealth of Puerto
167
Rico, and (6) any other arrangement as determined by the IRS. In addition, (1) a REIT's interest as a partner in a partnership is not considered a security for purposes of the 10% value test; (2) any debt instrument issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or other excluded security) will not be considered a security issued by the partnership if at least 75% of the partnership's gross income is derived from sources that would qualify for the 75% REIT gross income test; and (3) any debt instrument issued by a partnership (other than straight debt or other excluded security) will not be considered a security issued by a partnership to the extent of the REIT's interest as a partner in the partnership.
For purposes of the 10% value test, "straight debt" means a written unconditional promise to pay on demand on a specified date a sum certain in money if (1) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into shares, (2) the interest rate and interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the borrower's discretion, or similar factors other than certain contingencies relating to the timing and amount of principal and interest payments, as described in the Code, and (3) in the case of an issuer which is a corporation or a partnership, securities that otherwise would be considered straight debt will not be so considered if we, and any of our "controlled TRSs" (as defined in the Code), hold securities of the corporate or partnership issuer which (a) are not straight debt or other excluded securities (prior to the application of this rule), and (b) have an aggregate value greater than 1% of the issuer's outstanding securities (including, for the purposes of a partnership issuer, our interest as a partner in the partnership).
We intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests and to take any available actions within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any non-compliance with the asset tests. See below under "Failure to Satisfy the Asset Tests." We may not obtain independent appraisals to support our conclusions concerning the values of some or all of our assets. We do not intend to seek an IRS ruling as to the classification of our properties for purposes of the REIT asset tests. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our assets or our interest in other securities will not cause a violation of the REIT asset requirements.
Failure to Satisfy the Asset Tests
The asset tests must be satisfied not only on the last day of the calendar quarter in which we, directly or through pass-through subsidiaries, acquire securities in the applicable issuer, but also on the last day of the calendar quarter in which we increase our ownership of securities in such issuer, including as a result of increasing our interest in pass-through subsidiaries. After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, we will not lose our qualification as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in asset values (including a failure caused solely by a change in the foreign currency exchange rate used to value a foreign asset). If we fail to satisfy the asset tests because we acquire assets during a quarter, we can cure this failure by disposing of sufficient non-qualifying assets or acquiring sufficient qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We intend to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests and to take any available action within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any non-compliance with the asset tests. Although we plan to take steps to ensure that we satisfy such tests for any quarter with respect to which testing is to occur, there can be no assurance that such steps will always be successful. If we fail to timely cure any non-compliance with the asset tests, we would cease to qualify as a REIT, unless we satisfy certain relief provisions.
The failure to satisfy the 5% asset test, or the 10% vote or value asset tests, can be remedied even after the 30-day cure period under certain circumstances. Specifically, if we fail these asset tests at the end of any quarter and such failure is not cured within 30 days thereafter, we may dispose of sufficient assets (generally within six months after the last day of the quarter in which our identification of the
168
failure to satisfy these asset tests occurred) to cure such a violation that does not exceed the lesser of 1% of our assets at the end of the relevant quarter or $10,000,000. If we fail any of the other asset tests or our failure of the 5% and 10% asset tests is in excess of the de minimis amount described above, as long as such failure was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, we are permitted to avoid disqualification as a REIT, after the 30-day cure period, by taking steps including disposing of sufficient assets to meet the asset test (generally within six months after the last day of the quarter in which our identification of the failure to satisfy the REIT asset test occurred), paying a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate income tax rate (currently 35%) of the net income generated by the non-qualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset test, and filing in accordance with applicable Treasury regulations a schedule with the IRS that describes the assets that caused us to fail to satisfy the asset test(s). We intend to take advantage of any and all relief provisions that are available to us to cure any violation of the asset tests applicable to REITs. In certain circumstances, utilization of such provisions could result in us being required to pay an excise or penalty tax, which could be significant in amount.
Annual Distribution Requirements
In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our shareholders in an amount at least equal to:
For purposes of this test, "non-cash income" means income attributable to leveled stepped rents, original issue discount included in our taxable income without the receipt of a corresponding payment, cancellation of indebtedness or a like kind exchange that is later determined to be taxable.
We generally must make dividend distributions in the taxable year to which they relate. Dividend distributions may be made in the following year in two circumstances. First, we may declare a dividend in October, November, or December of any year with a record date in one of these months if we pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following year. Such distributions are treated as both paid by us and received by our shareholders on December 31 of the year in which they are declared. Second, distributions may be made in the following year if they are declared before we timely file our tax return for the year and if made with or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration. These distributions are taxable to our shareholders in the year in which paid, even though the distributions relate to our prior taxable year for purposes of the 90% distribution requirement.
In order for distributions to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirement for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distributions must not be "preferential dividends." A dividend is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is (1) pro rata among all outstanding shares within a particular class, and (2) in accordance with the preferences among different classes of shares as set forth in our organizational documents.
To the extent that we distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our "REIT taxable income," as adjusted, we will be subject to tax at ordinary corporate tax rates on the retained portion. We may elect to retain, rather than distribute, our net long-term capital gain and pay tax on such gain. In this case, we could elect for our shareholders to include their proportionate share of such undistributed long-term capital gain in income, and to receive a corresponding credit for their share of the tax that we paid. Our shareholders would then increase their adjusted basis of their shares by the difference between (1) the amounts of capital gain dividends that we designated and that they included in their taxable income, minus (2) the tax that we paid on their behalf with respect to that income.
169
To the extent that in the future we may have available net operating losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however, (1) will generally not affect the character, in the hands of our shareholders, of any distributions that are actually made as ordinary dividends or capital gain; and (2) cannot be passed through or used by our shareholders. See "Taxation of ShareholdersTaxation of Taxable U.S. ShareholdersDistributions Generally."
If we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we would be subject to a non-deductible 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts actually distributed, and (b) the amounts of income we retained and on which we paid corporate income tax.
In addition, if we were to recognize "built-in-gain" (as defined below) on the disposition of any assets acquired from a "C" corporation in a transaction in which our basis in the assets was determined by reference to the "C" corporation's basis (for instance, if the assets were acquired in a tax-free reorganization), we would be required to distribute at least 90% of the built-in-gain net of the tax we would pay on such gain. "Built-in-gain" is the excess of (1) the fair market value of the asset (measured at the time of acquisition) over (2) the basis of the asset (measured at the time of acquisition).
It is possible that, from time to time, we may not have sufficient cash to meet the distribution requirements due to timing differences between our actual receipt of cash, including receipt of distributions from our subsidiaries, and our inclusion of items in income for U.S. federal income tax purposes or for other reasons. If we do not have sufficient cash to meet our distribution requirements, it might be necessary for us to arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings, or to pay dividends in the form of taxable in-kind distributions of property. Alternatively, we may declare a taxable dividend payable in cash or shares at the election of each shareholder, where the aggregate amount of cash to be distributed in such dividend may be subject to limitation.
We may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirements for a year by paying "deficiency dividends" to shareholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. In this case, we may be able to avoid losing REIT qualification or being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends. We will be required to pay interest based on the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
Record-Keeping Requirements
We are required to maintain records and request on an annual basis information from specified shareholders. These requirements are designed to assist us in determining the actual ownership of our outstanding shares and maintaining our qualification as a REIT. Failure to comply could result in monetary fines.
Failure to Qualify as a REIT
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification other than the gross income or asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. Relief provisions are available for failures of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described above in "Gross Income Tests" and "Asset Tests."
If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions described above do not apply, we would be subject to tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. We cannot deduct distributions to shareholders in any
170
year in which we are not a REIT, nor would we be required to make distributions in such a year. In this situation, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits, distributions to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates will generally be taxable at capital gain rates (through 2012 only, in the absence of legislation extending this rate). In addition, subject to the limitations of the Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless we are entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we would also be disqualified from re-electing to be taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we lost qualification. It is not possible to state whether, in all circumstances, we would be entitled to statutory relief.
Taxation of Shareholders
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Shareholders
This section summarizes the taxation of U.S. shareholders that are not tax-exempt organizations. For these purposes, a U.S. shareholder is a beneficial owner of our common shares that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:
If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership holding our common shares should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the partner of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares by the partnership.
Distributions Generally
So long as we qualify as a REIT, the distributions that we make to our taxable U.S. shareholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or as qualified dividend income will generally be taken into account by shareholders as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations. In determining the extent to which a distribution with respect to our common shares constitutes a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our earnings and profits will be allocated first to distributions with respect to our preferred shares, if any, and then to our common shares. Dividends received from REITs are generally not eligible to be taxed at the preferential qualified dividend income rates currently available to individual U.S. shareholders who receive dividends from taxable subchapter C corporations.
Capital Gain Dividends
We may elect to designate distributions of our net capital gain as "capital gain dividends." Distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends will generally be taxed to U.S. shareholders as long-term capital gain without regard to the period during which the U.S. shareholder that receives such distribution has held its shares. Designations made by us will only be effective to the extent that they comply with Revenue Ruling 89-81, which requires that distributions made to different classes of
171
shares be composed proportionately of dividends of a particular type. If we designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend, a U.S. shareholder will receive an IRS Form 1099-DIV indicating the amount that will be taxable to the U.S. shareholder as capital gain. Corporate U.S. shareholders may be required to treat up to 20% of some capital gain dividends as ordinary income. Recipients of capital gain dividends from us that are taxed at corporate income tax rates will be taxed at the normal corporate income tax rates on these dividends.
We may elect to retain and pay taxes on some or all of our net long term capital gain, in which case U.S. shareholders will be treated as having received, solely for U.S. federal income tax purposes, our undistributed capital gain as well as a corresponding credit or refund, as the case may be, for taxes that we paid on such undistributed capital gain. See "Annual Distribution Requirements."
We will classify portions of any designated capital gain dividend or undistributed capital gain as either:
Distributions from us in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a U.S. shareholder to the extent that they do not exceed the adjusted basis of the U.S. shareholder's shares in respect of which the distributions were made. Rather, the distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of these shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a U.S. shareholder's shares, the U.S. shareholder generally must include such distributions in income as long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the shares have been held for one year or less. In addition, any dividend that we declare in October, November or December of any year and that is payable to a shareholder of record on a specified date in any such month will be treated as both paid by us and received by the shareholder on December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay the dividend before the end of January of the following calendar year.
To the extent that we have available net operating losses and capital losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make in order to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. See "Taxation of our Company" and "Requirements for Qualification as a REITAnnual Distribution Requirements." Such losses, however, are not passed through to U.S. shareholders and do not offset income of U.S. shareholders from other sources, nor would such losses affect the character of any distributions that we make, which are generally subject to tax in the hands of U.S. shareholders to the extent that we have current or accumulated earnings and profits.
Qualified Dividend Income
With respect to U.S. shareholders who are taxed at the rates applicable to individuals, we may elect to designate a portion of our distributions paid to such U.S. shareholders as "qualified dividend income." A portion of a distribution that is properly designated as qualified dividend income is taxable to non-corporate U.S. shareholders as capital gain, provided that the U.S. shareholder has held the common shares with respect to which the distribution is made for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which such common shares became ex-dividend with respect to the relevant distribution. The maximum amount of our distributions eligible to be designated as qualified dividend income for a taxable year is equal to the sum of:
172
Generally, dividends that we receive will be treated as qualified dividend income for purposes of the first bullet above if (1) the dividends are received from (a) a U.S. corporation (other than a REIT or a RIC), (b) any TRS we may form, or (c) a "qualifying foreign corporation," and (2) specified holding period requirements and other requirements are met. If we designate any portion of a dividend as qualified dividend income, a U.S. shareholder will receive an IRS Form 1099-DIV indicating the amount that will be taxable to the holder as qualified dividend income.
Passive Activity Losses and Investment Interest Limitations
Distributions made by us and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a U.S. shareholder of our common shares will not be treated as passive activity income. As a result, U.S. shareholders will not be able to apply any "passive losses" against income or gain relating to our common shares. Distributions made by us, to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital, generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation. A U.S. shareholder that elects to treat capital gain dividends, capital gain from the disposition of shares, or qualified dividend income as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitation will be taxed at ordinary income rates on such amounts. We intend to notify U.S. shareholders regarding the portions of distributions for each year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital and capital gain.
Dispositions of Our Common Shares
In general, a U.S. shareholder will realize gain or loss upon the sale, redemption or other taxable disposition of our common shares in an amount equal to the difference between the sum of the fair market value of any property and the amount of cash received in such disposition and the U.S. shareholder's adjusted tax basis in the common shares at the time of the disposition. In general, a U.S. shareholder's adjusted basis will equal the U.S. shareholder's acquisition cost, increased by the excess for net capital gain deemed distributed to the U.S. shareholder (discussed above) less tax deemed paid on it and reduced by returns on capital.
In general, capital gain recognized by individuals and other non-corporate U.S. shareholders upon the sale or disposition of our common shares will be subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 15% (through 2012), if our common shares is held for more than one year, and will be taxed at ordinary income rates (of up to 35% through 2012) if the shares are held for one year or less. These rates are subject to change in 2013 in the absence of intervening legislation. Gains recognized by U.S. shareholders that are corporations are subject to federal income tax at a maximum rate of 35%, whether or not such gains are classified as long-term capital gains.
Capital losses recognized by a U.S. shareholder upon the disposition of our common shares that were held for more than one year at the time of disposition will be considered long-term capital losses, and are generally available only to offset capital gain income of the shareholder but not ordinary income (except in the case of individuals, who may offset up to $3,000 of ordinary income each year). In addition, any loss upon a sale or exchange of our common shares by a U.S. shareholder who has held the shares for six months or less, after applying holding period rules, will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions that we make that are required to be treated by the U.S. shareholder as long-term capital gain.
173
Medicare Tax on Unearned Income
Newly enacted legislation requires certain U.S. shareholders that are individuals, estates or trusts to pay an additional 3.8% tax on, among other things, dividends on and capital gains from the sale or other disposition of shares for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012. U.S. shareholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this legislation on their ownership and disposition of our common shares.
New Legislation Relating to Foreign Accounts
Under newly enacted legislation, certain payments made after December 31, 2012 to "foreign financial institutions" in respect of accounts of U.S. shareholders at such financial institutions may be subject to withholding at a rate of 30%. U.S. shareholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the effect, if any, of this new legislation on their ownership and disposition of our common shares.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
We will report to our shareholders and to the IRS the amount of dividends we pay during each calendar year and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. Generally, dividend payments are not subject to withholding; however they may be subject to backup withholding. A shareholder may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% (through 2012, but scheduled to increase to 31% on or after January 1, 2013) with respect to dividends unless the holder:
A shareholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain dividends to any shareholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us. For a discussion of the backup withholding rules as applied to non-U.S. shareholders, see "Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders."
Taxation of Tax-Exempt U.S. Shareholders
U.S. tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. Such entities, however, may be subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI. While some investments in real estate may generate UBTI, the IRS has ruled that dividend distributions from a REIT to a tax-exempt entity generally do not constitute UBTI. Based on that ruling, and provided that (1) a tax-exempt shareholder has not held our common shares as "debt financed property" within the meaning of the Code (i.e., where the acquisition or holding of the property is financed through a borrowing by the U.S. tax-exempt shareholder) and (2) our common shares are not otherwise used in an unrelated trade or business, distributions that we make and income from the sale of our common shares generally should not give rise to UBTI to a U.S. tax-exempt shareholder.
Tax-exempt U.S. shareholders that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) or (c)(20) of the Code, respectively, or single parent title-holding corporations exempt under Section 501(c)(2) whose income is payable to any of the aforementioned tax-exempt organizations, are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally require
174
such shareholders to characterize distributions from us as UBTI unless the organization is able to properly claim a deduction for amounts set aside or placed in reserve for certain purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in our common shares. These shareholders should consult with their own tax advisors concerning these set aside and reserve requirements.
In certain circumstances, a pension trust (1) that is described in Section 401(a) of the Code, (2) is tax exempt under Section 501(a) of the Code, and (3) that owns more than 10% of our common shares could be required to treat a percentage of the dividends as UBTI, if we are a "pension-held REIT." We will not be a pension-held REIT unless:
Certain restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our company's common shares contained in its declaration of trust generally should prevent a person from owning more than 10% of the value of our common shares, and thus we are not likely to become a pension-held REIT.
Tax-exempt U.S. shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax consequences of owning our common shares.
Taxation of Non-U.S. Shareholders
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares applicable to our non-U.S. shareholders. For purposes of this summary, a "non-U.S. shareholder" is a beneficial owner of our common shares that is not a U.S. shareholder (as defined above under "Taxation of Taxable U.S. Shareholders") or an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The following discussion is based on current law, and is for general information only. It addresses only selected, and not all, aspects of U.S. federal income taxation.
Distributions Generally
As described in the discussion below, distributions paid by us with respect to our common shares will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as:
This discussion assumes that our common shares will continue to be considered regularly traded on an established securities market for purposes of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA, provisions described below. If our common shares are no longer regularly traded on an established securities market, the tax considerations described below would materially differ.
175
Ordinary Income Dividends
A distribution paid by us to a non-U.S. shareholder will be treated as an ordinary income dividend if the distribution is payable out of our earnings and profits and:
In general, non-U.S. shareholders will not be considered to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business solely as a result of their ownership of our common shares. In cases where the dividend income from a non-U.S. shareholder's investment in our common shares is, or is treated as, effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder's conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. shareholder generally will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. shareholders are taxed with respect to such dividends. Such income must generally be reported on a U.S. income tax return filed by or on behalf of the non-U.S. shareholder. The income may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a non-U.S. shareholder that is a corporation.
Generally, we will withhold and remit to the IRS 30% of dividend distributions (including distributions that may later be determined to have been made in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits) that could not be treated as FIRPTA gain distributions with respect to the non-U.S. shareholder (and that are not deemed to be capital gain dividends for purposes of FIRPTA withholding rules described below) unless:
Tax treaties may reduce the withholding obligations on our distributions. Under most tax treaties, however, taxation rates below 30% that are applicable to ordinary income dividends from U.S. corporations may not apply to ordinary income dividends from a REIT or may apply only if the REIT meets certain additional conditions. If the amount of tax withheld with respect to a distribution to a non-U.S. shareholder exceeds the non-U.S. shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability with respect to the distribution, the non-U.S. shareholder may file for a refund of the excess from the IRS.
Return of Capital Distributions
Unless (A) our common shares constitute a USRPI, as described in "Dispositions of Our Common Shares" below, or (B) either (1) the non-U.S. shareholder's investment in our common shares is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such non-U.S. shareholder (in which case the non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. shareholders with respect to such gain) or (2) the non-U.S. shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a "tax home" in the U.S. (in which case the non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual's net capital gain for the year), distributions that we make which are not dividends out of our earnings and profits and are not FIRPTA gain distributions will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. If we cannot determine at the time a distribution is made whether or not the distribution will exceed current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to dividends.
176
The non-U.S. shareholder may seek a refund from the IRS of any amounts withheld if it subsequently is determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. If our common shares constitute a USRPI, as described below, distributions that we make in excess of the sum of (1) the non-U.S. shareholder's proportionate share of our earnings and profits, and (2) the non-U.S. shareholder's basis in its shares, will be taxed under FIRPTA at the rate of tax, including any applicable capital gain rates, that would apply to a U.S. shareholder of the same type (e.g., an individual or a corporation, as the case may be), and the collection of the tax will be enforced by a refundable withholding tax at a rate of 10% of the amount by which the distribution exceeds the shareholder's share of our earnings and profits.
FIRPTA Distributions
From time to time, some of our distributions may be of amounts attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests. Such distributions to a non-U.S. shareholder will generally be subject to the taxation and withholding regime applicable to ordinary income dividends only if (1) dividends are received with respect to a class of shares that is "regularly traded" on a domestic "established securities market," both as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations, and (2) the non-U.S. shareholder does not own more than 5% of that class of shares at any time during the one year period ending on the date of distribution. If both of these conditions are satisfied, qualifying non-U.S. shareholders will not be subject to FIRPTA withholding or reporting with respect to such dividends, or be required to pay branch profits tax. Instead, these dividends will be subject to U.S. federal income tax and withholding as ordinary dividends, currently at a 30% tax rate unless reduced by applicable treaty. Although there can be no assurance in this regard, we believe that our common shares will be "regularly traded" on a domestic "established securities market" within the meaning of applicable Treasury Regulations following the completion of this offering; however, we can provide no assurance that our common shares will be or will continue to be "regularly traded" on a domestic "established securities market" in future taxable years.
Except as discussed above, for any year in which we qualify as a REIT, distributions that are attributable to gain from the sale or exchange of a U.S. real property interest are taxed to a non-U.S. shareholder as if these distributions were gains effectively connected with a trade or business in the U.S. conducted by the non-U.S. shareholder. A non-U.S. shareholder that does not qualify for the special rule discussed above will be taxed on these amounts at the normal rates applicable to a U.S. shareholder and will be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return reporting these amounts. If such a non-U.S. shareholder is a corporation, it may also owe the 30% branch profits tax under Section 884 of the Code in respect of these amounts. We or other applicable withholding agents will be required to withhold from distributions to such non-U.S. shareholders, and to remit to the IRS 35% of the amount treated as gain from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests. The amount of any tax so withheld is creditable against the non-U.S. shareholder's U.S. federal income tax liability, and the non-U.S. shareholder may file for a refund from the IRS of any amount of withheld tax in excess of that tax liability.
Backup Withholding and Information Reporting
The sale of our common shares by a non-U.S. shareholder through a non-U.S. office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. The sale generally is subject to the same information reporting applicable to sales through a U.S. office of a U.S. or foreign broker if the sale of common shares is effected at a foreign office of a broker that is:
177
Backup withholding generally does not apply if the broker does not have actual knowledge or reason to know that you are a United States person and the applicable documentation requirements are satisfied. Generally, a non-U.S. shareholder satisfies the information reporting requirements by providing IRS form W-8BEN or an acceptable substitute. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts that we withhold under the backup withholding rules will be refunded or credited against the non-U.S. shareholder's federal income tax liability if certain required information is furnished to the IRS. The application of information reporting and backup withholding varies depending on the shareholder's particular circumstances, and therefore a non-U.S. shareholder is advised to consult its tax advisor regarding the applicable information reporting and backup withholding.
Dispositions of our Common Shares
Unless our common shares constitute a USRPI, a sale of our common shares by a non-U.S. shareholder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation under FIRPTA.
Generally, with respect to any particular shareholder, our common shares will constitute a USRPI only if each of the following three statements is true.
(1) Fifty percent or more of our assets throughout a prescribed testing period consists of interests in real property located within the United States, excluding for this purpose, interests in real property solely in a capacity as creditor. We believe that 50% or more of our assets will consist of interests in U.S. real property.
(2) We are not a "domestically-controlled qualified investment entity." A domestically-controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT less than 50% of the value of which is held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. shareholders at all times during a specified testing period. Although we expect that we likely will be domestically-controlled, we cannot make any assurance that we are or will remain a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity.
(3) Either (a) our common shares are not "regularly traded," as defined by applicable Treasury regulations, on an established securities market; or (b) our common shares are "regularly traded" on an established securities market but the selling non-U.S. shareholder has held over 5% of our outstanding common shares any time during the five-year period ending on the date of the sale. We expect that our common shares will be regularly traded on an established securities market following the public offering of our shares.
Specific wash sale rules applicable to sales of shares in a domestically-controlled REIT could result in gain recognition, taxable under FIRPTA, upon the sale of our common shares even if we are a domestically-controlled qualified investment entity. These rules would apply if a non-U.S. shareholder (1) disposes of our common shares within a 30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have been taxable to such non-U.S. shareholder as gain from the sale or exchange of a USRPI, and (2) acquires, or enters into a contract or option to acquire, other common shares during the 61-day period that begins 30 days prior to such ex-dividend date.
If gain on the sale of our common shares were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. shareholder would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and would be subject to the
178
same treatment as a U.S. shareholder with respect to such gain, subject to the applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of non-resident alien individuals, and the purchaser of the shares could be required to withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the IRS.
Gain from the sale of our common shares that would not otherwise be subject to FIRPTA will nonetheless be taxable in the United States to a non-U.S. shareholder as follows: (1) if the non-U.S. shareholder's investment in our common shares is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such non-U.S. shareholder, the non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to the same treatment as a U.S. shareholder with respect to such gain, or (2) if the non-U.S. shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a "tax home" in the United States, the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual's capital gain.
New Legislation Relating to Foreign Accounts
Newly enacted legislation may impose withholding taxes on certain types of payments made to "foreign financial institutions" and certain other non-U.S. entities. Under this legislation, the failure to comply with additional certification, information reporting and other specified requirements could result in withholding tax being imposed on payments of dividends and sales proceeds to U.S. shareholders that own the shares through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries and certain non-U.S. shareholders. The legislation imposes a 30% withholding tax on dividends on, and gross proceeds from the sale or other disposition of, our shares paid to a foreign financial institution or to a foreign nonfinancial entity, unless (1) the foreign financial institution undertakes certain diligence and reporting obligations or (2) the foreign non-financial entity either certifies it does not have any substantial U.S. owners or furnishes identifying information regarding each substantial U.S. owner. In addition, if the payee is a foreign financial institution, it generally must enter into an agreement with the U.S. Treasury that requires, among other things, that it undertake to identify accounts held by certain U.S. persons or U.S.-owned foreign entities, annually report certain information about such accounts, and withhold 30% on payments to certain other account holders. The legislation applies to payments made after December 31, 2012. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding this legislation.
Other Tax Considerations
Sunset of Reduced Tax Rate Provisions
In the absence of intervening legislation, several of the tax considerations described herein are subject to a sunset provision. The sunset provisions generally provide that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, certain provisions that are currently in the Code will revert back to a prior version of those provisions. These provisions include those related to the reduced maximum income tax rate for capital gain of 15% (rather than 20%) for taxpayers taxed at individual rates, qualified dividend income, including the application of the 15% capital gain rate to qualified dividend income, highest ordinary income tax rates of 33% and 35% (rather than 36% and 39.6%, respectively), and certain other tax rate provisions described herein. The impact of this reversion is not discussed herein. Consequently, prospective shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of sunset provisions on an investment in our common shares.
Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs
The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time. The REIT rules are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department,
179
which may result in statutory changes as well as revisions to regulations and interpretations. Changes to the federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could adversely affect an investment in our common shares.
State, Local and Foreign Taxes
We, our subsidiaries, and/or shareholders may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which we or they transact business, own property or reside. We may own properties located in numerous U.S. jurisdictions, and may be required to file tax returns in some or all of those jurisdictions. Our state and local tax treatment and the state, local and foreign tax treatment of our shareholders may not conform to the U.S. federal income tax treatment discussed above. Prospective shareholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application and effect of state, local and foreign income and other tax laws on an investment in our shares.
Tax Shelter Reporting
If a holder of our common shares recognizes a loss as a result of a transaction with respect to our common shares of at least (1) $2 million or more in a single taxable year or $4 million or more in a combination of taxable years, for a shareholder that is an individual, S corporation, trust, or a partnership with at least one non-corporate partner, or (2) $10 million or more in a single taxable year or $20 million or more in a combination of taxable years, for a shareholder that is either a corporation or a partnership with only corporate partners, such shareholder may be required to file a disclosure statement with the IRS on Form 8886. Direct holders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempt from this reporting requirement, but holders of REIT securities currently are not excepted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these Treasury regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer's treatment of the loss is proper. The Code imposes significant penalties for failure to comply with these requirements. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to the receipt or disposition of our common shares, or transactions that we might undertake directly or indirectly. Moreover, shareholders should be aware that we and other participants in the transactions in which we are involved (including their advisors) might be subject to disclosure or other requirements pursuant to these regulations.
180
UNDERWRITING (CONFLICTS OF INTEREST)
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Barclays Capital Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC are acting as joint book-running book managers and representatives of each of the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in a purchase agreement among us, our operating partnership and the underwriters, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each of the underwriters has agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase from us, the number of common shares set forth opposite its name below.
Underwriter |
Number of Shares |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith |
||||
Barclays Capital Inc. |
||||
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC |
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Total |
||||
Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the purchase agreement, the underwriters have agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase all of the shares sold under the purchase agreement if any of these shares are purchased. If an underwriter defaults, the purchase agreement provides that the purchase commitments of the nondefaulting underwriters may be increased or the purchase agreement may be terminated.
We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.
The underwriters are offering the shares, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by their counsel, including the validity of the shares, and other conditions contained in the purchase agreement, such as the receipt by the underwriters of officer's certificates and legal opinions. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.
Commissions and Discounts
The representatives have advised us that the underwriters propose initially to offer the shares to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $ per share. The underwriters may allow, and the dealers may reallow, a discount not in excess of $ per share to other dealers. After the initial offering, the public offering price, concession or any other term of this offering may be changed.
The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds, before expenses, to us. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriters of their overallotment option.
|
Per Share | Without Option | With Option | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Public offering price |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||
Underwriting discount |
$ | $ | $ | |||||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us |
$ | $ | $ |
181
The expenses of this offering, not including the underwriting discount, are estimated at $ and are payable by us.
Overallotment Option
We have granted an option to the underwriters, exercisable for 30 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to additional shares at the public offering price less the underwriting discount. The underwriters may exercise this option solely to cover overallotments, if any. If the underwriters exercise this option, each will be obligated, subject to conditions contained in the purchase agreement, to purchase a number of additional shares proportionate to that underwriter's initial amount reflected in the above table.
Directed Share Program
At our request, the underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial public offering price, up to percent ( %) of the common shares offered by this prospectus for sale to some of our trustees, officers, employees, business associates and related persons. If these persons purchase reserved shares, it will reduce the number of shares available for sale to the general public. Any reserved shares that are not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same terms as the other shares offered by this prospectus.
No Sales of Similar Securities
We, our executive officers, trustee and trustee nominees and certain of the existing investors in Fund II and Fund III have agreed not to sell or transfer any common shares or securities convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for (including OP units) or repayable with, common shares, subject to certain exceptions, without first obtaining the written consent of the representatives, for days after the date of this prospectus.
Specifically, we and our executive officers, trustee and trustee nominees and certain of the existing investors in Fund II and Fund III who were issued common shares in our formation transactions have agreed during the -day lock-up period, with certain limited exceptions, not to directly or indirectly:
This lock-up provision applies to common shares and to securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for (including OP units) or repayable with, common shares. This also apply to common shares and such securities owned now or acquired later by the person executing the agreement or for which the person executing the agreement later acquires the power of disposition. In the event that either: (x) during the last 17 days of the lock-up period referred to above, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to us occurs; or (y) prior to the expiration of the lock-up period, we announce that we will release earnings results or become aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the lock-up period, the
182
restrictions described above shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.
New York Stock Exchange Listing
We intend to apply to have our common shares listed on the NYSE under the symbol "RLJ." In order to meet the requirements for listing on that exchange, the underwriters will undertake to sell a minimum number of shares to a minimum number of beneficial owners as required by that exchange.
Determination of Offering Price
Before this offering, there has been no trading market for our common shares. The initial public offering price will be determined through negotiations between us and the representatives. In addition to prevailing market conditions, the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price will be:
An active, liquid trading market for our common shares may not develop or be sustained. It is also possible that after this offering our common shares will not trade at or above the initial public offering price.
The underwriters do not expect to sell more than 5% of the shares in the aggregate to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.
Price Stabilization, Short Positions and Penalty Bids
Until the distribution of our common shares is completed, SEC rules may limit underwriters and selling group members from bidding for and purchasing our common shares. However, the representatives may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of our common shares, such as bids or purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price.
In connection with this offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell our common shares in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, purchases on the open market to cover positions created by short sales and stabilizing transactions. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares than they are required to purchase in this offering. "Covered" short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters' overallotment option described above. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their overallotment option or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the overallotment option. "Naked" short sales are sales in excess of the overallotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned
183
that there may be downward pressure on the price of our common shares in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of common shares made by the underwriters in the open market prior to completion of this offering.
The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discount received by it because the representatives have repurchased shares sold by or for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.
Similar to other purchase transactions, the underwriters' purchases to cover the syndicate short sales may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common shares or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common shares. As a result, the market price of our common shares may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market. The underwriters may conduct these transactions on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.
Neither we nor any of the underwriters makes any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the market price of our common shares. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters makes any representation that the representatives will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.
Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Shares
In connection with this offering, certain of the underwriters or securities dealers may distribute prospectuses by electronic means, such as e-mail. In addition, the underwriters and securities dealers may facilitate Internet distribution for this offering to certain of their Internet subscription customers. The underwriters and securities dealers may allocate a limited number of shares for sale to their online brokerage customers. An electronic prospectus is available on the Internet web site maintained certain of the underwriters and securities dealers. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on the web sites of the underwriters and securities dealers is not part of this prospectus.
Conflicts of Interest
An affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, an underwriter in this offering, is a lender under seven outstanding loans, two of which, totaling approximately $210.4 million in the aggregate, will be repaid with a portion of the net proceeds of this offering. As such, this affiliate will receive a portion of the net proceeds of this offering that are used to repay such indebtedness. Further, an affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC is a minority investor in each of Fund II and Fund III, and it will receive an aggregate of common shares in connection with our formation transactions.
Other Relationships
Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates have engaged in commercial dealings with us, including serving as lenders to us, and may in the future engage in investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with us or our affiliates. They have received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these transactions.
Concurrently with the closing of this offering and our formation transactions, we anticipate entering into a revolving credit facility with affiliates of certain of the underwriters to fund future acquisitions, as well as for hotel redevelopments, renovations, expansions, and working capital requirements. In their capacity as lenders, these affiliates of the underwriters will receive certain
184
financing fees in connection with the credit facility in addition to the underwriting discount payable to the underwriters in connection with this offering.
In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the underwriters and their affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The underwriters and their affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the EEA
In relation to each member state of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a "Relevant Member State"), including each Relevant Member State that has implemented the 2010 PD Amending Directive with regard to persons to whom an offer of securities is addressed and the denomination per unit of the offer of securities (each, an "Early Implementing Member State"), with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the "Relevant Implementation Date"), no offer of common shares will be made to the public in that Relevant Member State (other than offers (the "Permitted Public Offers") where a prospectus will be published in relation to the common shares that has been approved by the competent authority in a Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the Prospectus Directive), except that with effect from and including that Relevant Implementation Date, offers of common shares may be made to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time:
provided that no such offer of common shares shall result in a requirement for the publication of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive or of a supplement to a prospectus pursuant to Article 16 of the Prospectus Directive.
185
Each person in a Relevant Member State (other than a Relevant Member State where there is a Permitted Public Offer) who initially acquires any common shares or to whom any offer is made will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed that (A) it is a "qualified investor," and (B) in the case of any common shares acquired by it as a financial intermediary, as that term is used in Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, (x) the common shares acquired by it in the offering have not been acquired on behalf of, nor have they been acquired with a view to their offer or resale to, persons in any Relevant Member State other than "qualified investors" as defined in the Prospectus Directive, or in circumstances in which the prior consent of the Subscribers has been given to the offer or resale, or (y) where common shares have been acquired by it on behalf of persons in any Relevant Member State other than "qualified investors" as defined in the Prospectus Directive, the offer of those common shares to it is not treated under the Prospectus Directive as having been made to such persons.
For the purpose of the above provisions, the expression "an offer to the public" in relation to any common shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer of any common shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase any common shares, as the same may be varied in the Relevant Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in the Relevant Member State and the expression "Prospectus Directive" means Directive 2003/71/EC (including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, in the case of Early Implementing Member States) and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State and the expression "2010 PD Amending Directive" means Directive 2010/73/EU.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Switzerland
We have not and will not register with the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority ("FINMA") as a foreign collective investment scheme pursuant to Article 119 of the Federal Act on Collective Investment Scheme of 23 June 2006, as amended ("CISA"), and accordingly the shares being offered pursuant to this prospectus have not and will not be approved, and may not be licenseable, with FINMA. Therefore, the shares have not been authorized for distribution by FINMA as a foreign collective investment scheme pursuant to Article 119 CISA and the shares offered hereby may not be offered to the public (as this term is defined in Article 3 CISA) in or from Switzerland. The shares may solely be offered to "qualified investors," as this term is defined in Article 10 CISA, and in the circumstances set out in Article 3 of the Ordinance on Collective Investment Scheme of 22 November 2006, as amended ("CISO"), such that there is no public offer. Investors, however, do not benefit from protection under CISA or CISO or supervision by FINMA. This prospectus and any other materials relating to the shares are strictly personal and confidential to each offeree and do not constitute an offer to any other person. This prospectus may only be used by those qualified investors to whom it has been handed out in connection with the offer described herein and may neither directly or indirectly be distributed or made available to any person or entity other than its recipients. It may not be used in connection with any other offer and shall in particular not be copied and/or distributed to the public in Switzerland or from Switzerland. This prospectus does not constitute an issue prospectus as that term is understood pursuant to Article 652a and/or 1156 of the Swiss Federal Code of Obligations. We have not applied for a listing of the shares on the SIX Swiss Exchange or any other regulated securities market in Switzerland, and consequently, the information presented in this prospectus does not necessarily comply with the information standards set out in the listing rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange and corresponding prospectus schemes annexed to the listing rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange.
Notice to Prospective Investors in the Dubai International Financial Centre
This prospectus relates to an exempt offer in accordance with the Offered Securities Rules of the Dubai Financial Services Authority ("DFSA"). This prospectus is intended for distribution only to
186
persons of a type specified in the Offered Securities Rules of the DFSA. It must not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person. The DFSA has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with exempt offers. The DFSA has not approved this prospectus nor taken steps to verify the information set forth herein and has no responsibility for this prospectus. The shares to which this prospectus relates may be illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on their resale. Prospective purchasers of the shares offered should conduct their own due diligence on the shares. If you do not understand the contents of this prospectus you should consult an authorized financial advisor.
Notice to Prospective Investors in Korea
This prospectus should not be construed in any way as our (or any of our affiliates or agents) soliciting investment or offering to sell our shares in the Republic of Korea ("Korea"). We are not making any representation with respect to the eligibility of any recipients of this prospectus to acquire the shares under the laws of Korea, including, without limitation, the Financial Investment Services and Capital Markets Act (the "FSCMA"), the Foreign Exchange Transaction Act (the "FETA"), and any regulations thereunder. The shares have not been registered with the Financial Services Commission of Korea in any way pursuant to the FSCMA, and the shares may not be offered, sold or delivered, or offered or sold to any person for reoffering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Korea or to any resident of Korea except pursuant to applicable laws and regulations of Korea. Furthermore, the shares may not be resold to any Korean resident unless such Korean resident as the purchaser of the resold shares complies with all applicable regulatory requirements (including, without limitation, reporting or approval requirements under the FETA and regulations thereunder) relating to the purchase of the resold shares.
187
The combined consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of The RLJ Predecessor as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 and for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, and the consolidated balance sheet of RLJ Lodging Trust as of February 1, 2011, appearing in this prospectus have been so included in reliance on the reports of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority of said firm as experts in auditing and accounting.
Certain legal matters relating to this offering, including the validity of the common shares offered hereby and certain tax matters, will be passed upon for us by Hogan Lovells US LLP. Sidley Austin LLP will act as counsel to the underwriters.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We maintain a website at www. .com. The information contained on, or otherwise accessible through, our website does not constitute a part of this prospectus. We have included our website address only as an inactive textual reference and do not intend it to be an active link to our website.
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-11, including exhibits and schedules filed with this registration statement, under the Securities Act, with respect to our common shares to be sold in this offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information with respect to our company and our common shares to be sold in this offering, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract or other document is an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the exhibit to which the reference relates. Copies of this registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to this registration statement, may be examined without charge at the public reference room of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. Information about the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement can be obtained from the public reference room of the SEC upon payment of prescribed fees. Our SEC filings, including our registration statement, are also available to you on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov.
As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and will file periodic reports and proxy statements and will make available to our shareholders reports containing financial information.
188
F-1
RLJ LODGING TRUST UNAUDITED PRO FORMA COMBINED CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The unaudited pro forma combined consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2010 have been derived from our predecessor's historical combined consolidated financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, whose report with respect to such financial statements is included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The unaudited pro forma combined consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010 is presented to reflect adjustments to the predecessor's historical combined consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010 as if this offering and the related formation transactions were completed on December 31, 2010. The unaudited pro forma combined consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 is presented as if this offering and the related formation transactions were completed on January 1, 2010.
As of the date of this prospectus, the predecessor acquired twenty-four hotels during 2010 and 2011. The unaudited pro forma combined consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2010 is presented to reflect adjustments to the predecessor's historical combined consolidated balance sheet to illustrate the estimated effect of hotel acquisitions completed subsequent to December 31, 2010, as if they had occurred on December 31, 2010. The unaudited pro forma combined consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 is presented as if hotel acquisitions completed during the year ended December 31, 2010 and subsequent to December 31, 2010 and the probable disposition had occurred on January 1, 2010. Such acquisitions and probable disposition have been included in the unaudited pro forma combined consolidated financial statements because we believe the impact of such completed acquisitions and the probable disposition are important to the readers of this prospectus, although the impact of such acquisitions and the probable disposition is not considered significant to the financial statements on an individual property basis or in aggregate under Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X.
The following unaudited pro forma financial statements should be read in conjunction with (i) the predecessor's historical audited combined consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2010 and 2009 and for the three year period ended December 31, 2010 and the notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and (ii) the "Risk Factors," and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," sections in this prospectus. We have based the unaudited pro forma adjustments on available information and assumptions that we believe are reasonable. The following unaudited pro forma combined consolidated financial statements are presented for informational purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position would have been as of December 31, 2010 assuming this offering, our formation transactions and the hotel acquisitions completed subsequent to December 31, 2010 and the probable disposition had all been completed on December 31, 2010 or what actual results of operations would have been for the year ended December 31, 2010 assuming this offering, our formation transactions and the hotel acquisitions completed subsequent to January 1, 2010 and the probable disposition had all been completed on January 1, 2010, nor are they indicative of future results of operations or financial condition and should not be viewed as indicative of future results of operations or financial condition.
F-2
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Balance Sheet of RLJ Lodging Trust
December 31, 2010
(unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands)
|
Predecessor(1) | Pro forma Acquisitions(2) |
NY LaGuardia Marriott Disposition(3) |
Subtotal | Pro forma Adjustments |
Pro forma | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Assets |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 2,626,690 | $ | 204,870 | $ | (33,218 | ) | $ | 2,798,342 | $ | | $ | 2,798,342 | ||||||||
Investment in loans |
12,840 | | | 12,840 | | 12,840 | |||||||||||||||
Property and equipment, net |
1,585 | | | 1,585 | | 1,585 | |||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
267,454 | (131,710 | ) | (414 | ) | 135,330 | 140,622 | (5)(6) | 275,952 | ||||||||||||
Restricted cash reserves |
70,520 | | (4,563 | ) | 65,957 | | 65,957 | ||||||||||||||
Hotel receivables, net of allowance of $406 |
19,556 | 440 | (1,236 | ) | 18,760 | | 18,760 | ||||||||||||||
Deferred financing costs, net |
9,298 | | (9 | ) | 9,289 | (1,948 | )(4) | 7,341 | |||||||||||||
Deferred income tax asset |
799 | | | 799 | | 799 | |||||||||||||||
Due from general partner |
684 | | | 684 | (684 | )(5) | | ||||||||||||||
Prepaid expense and other assets |
36,398 | (7,712 | ) | (1,188 | ) | 27,498 | | 27,498 | |||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,045,824 | $ | 65,888 | $ | (40,628 | ) | $ | 3,071,084 | $ | 137,990 | $ | 3,209,074 | ||||||||
Liabilities and Owners' Equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans |
$ | 1,747,077 | $ | | $ | (58,000 | ) | $ | 1,689,077 | $ | (350,200 | )(6) | $ | 1,338,877 | |||||||
Interest rate swap liability |
3,820 | | | 3,820 | (831 | )(7) | 2,989 | ||||||||||||||
Due to general partner |
62 | | | 62 | (62 | )(5) | | ||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
60,911 | 1,414 | (3,544 | ) | 58,781 | | 58,781 | ||||||||||||||
Deferred income tax liability |
799 | | | 799 | | 799 | |||||||||||||||
Advance deposits and deferred revenue |
5,927 | 524 | (53 | ) | 6,398 | | 6,398 | ||||||||||||||
Accrued interest |
3,495 | | (917 | ) | 2,578 | (1,446 | )(6)(7) | 1,132 | |||||||||||||
Preferred distributions payable |
| 69 | | 69 | | 69 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
1,822,091 | 2,007 | (62,514 | ) | 1,761,584 | (352,539 | ) | 1,409,045 | |||||||||||||
Owners' Equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Partners' capital |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Fund II general partner |
(13,409 | ) | | | (13,409 | ) | 13,409 | (8) | | ||||||||||||
Fund II limited partners |
433,013 | | (27,985 | ) | 405,028 | (405,028 | )(8) | | |||||||||||||
Fund III general partner |
(23,328 | ) | | | (23,328 | ) | 23,328 | (8) | | ||||||||||||
Fund III limited partners |
811,918 | 65,400 | | 877,318 | (877,318 | )(8) | | ||||||||||||||
Members' capital |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Class A members |
6,592 | | | 6,592 | (6,592 | )(8) | | ||||||||||||||
Class B members |
4,751 | | | 4,751 | (4,751 | )(8) | | ||||||||||||||
Fund II Series A preferred shares, no par value, 12.5% 250 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010 |
189 | | | 189 | (189 | )(8) | | ||||||||||||||
Fund III Series A preferred shares, no par value, 12.5% 250 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010 |
190 | | | 190 | (190 | )(8) | | ||||||||||||||
Lodgian REITs preferred shares 375 shares authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010 |
| 450 | | 450 | | 450 | |||||||||||||||
Shareholders' equity |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Common shares, par value $0.01 per share |
| | | | | (9) | | ||||||||||||||
Additional paid in capital |
| | | | 490,200 | (9) | 490,200 | ||||||||||||||
Owners/shareholders equity |
| | | | 1,257,331 | (8) | 1,257,331 | ||||||||||||||
Retained (deficit) / earnings |
| (1,969 | ) | 49,871 | 47,902 | (444 | )(4)(6)(7) | 47,458 | |||||||||||||
Accummulated other comprehensive loss |
(3,806 | ) | | | (3,806 | ) | 773 | (7) | (3,033 | ) | |||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest |
7,623 | | | 7,623 | | 7,623 | |||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling partners' interest |
| | | | (10) | ||||||||||||||||
Total owners' equity |
1,223,733 | 63,881 | 21,886 | 1,309,500 | 490,529 | 1,800,029 | |||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and owners' equity |
$ | 3,045,824 | $ | 65,888 | $ | (40,628 | ) | $ | 3,071,084 | $ | 137,990 | $ | 3,209,074 | ||||||||
F-3
Notes to Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Balance Sheet of RLJ Lodging Trust
December 31, 2010
(unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands, except per share amounts)
Included in partners' capital at December 31, 2010 are acquisition cost expenses of $12,898 that were expensed prior to December 31, 2010 related to the purchase of 24 hotels and have been included as pro forma adjustments in the pro forma combined consolidated statement of operations.
|
Acquisitions Completed after December 31, 2010 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Land |
$ | 29,131 | ||
Buildings and improvements |
153,557 | |||
Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment |
22,182 | |||
Allocated Purchase Price |
$ | 204,870 | ||
F-4
("REITs"). As part of the acquisition, the predecessor assumed outstanding preferred shares with an aggregate liquidation preference of $450 and dividends and redemption premiums payable of approximately $69, assuming the redemption occurs on June 30, 2012.
F-5
|
Embassy Suites Tampa |
Red Roof Inn DC |
Embassy Suites Ft Myers |
Homewood Suites Washington |
NY/ Fashion District |
HIS Denver Tech Center |
Garden District Hotel |
Integrated Capital Portfolio (3 hotels) |
HGI New Orleans Convention Center | Green Park Portfolio (2 hotels) | Hollywood Heights Hotel | Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel NYC | Embassy Suites Columbus | Renaissance Pittsburgh Hotel | Lodgian Portfolio (4 hotels) | Archon Portfolio (2 hotels) | Hampton Inn HoustonNear the Galleria | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acquisition Date |
4/15/2010 |
6/1/2010 |
6/23/2010 |
7/1/2010 |
9/22/2010 |
10/14/2010 |
10/26/2010 |
11/5/2010 |
11/16/2010 |
11/18/2010 |
12/17/2010 |
12/23/2010 |
1/11/2011 |
1/12/2011 |
1/18/2011 |
1/24/2011 |
3/14/2011 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 9,570 | $ | 47,250 | $ | 99,500 | $ | 28,250 | $ | 20,300 | $ | 204,870 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
| | | | | | | | | | | | (9,224 | ) | (45,635 | ) | (77,143 | ) | 292 | | (131,710 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Restricted cash reserves |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel receivables, net of allowance of $229 |
| | | | | | | | | | | | 24 | 100 | 300 | 16 | | 440 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Deferred financing costs, net |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prepaid expense and other assets |
| | | | | | | | | | | | (188 | ) | (1,911 | ) | (3,649 | ) | (1,964 | ) | | (7,712 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 182 | $ | (196 | ) | $ | 19,008 | $ | 26,594 | $ | 20,300 | $ | 65,888 | |||||||||||||||||||
Liabilities and Owners' Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Borrowings under credit facility |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgage loans |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
| | | | | | | | | | | | 178 | 526 | 682 | 28 | | 1,414 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Advance deposits and deferred revenue |
| | | | | | | | | | | | 55 | 226 | 216 | 27 | | 524 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Preferred distributions payable |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 69 | | | 69 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
| | | | | | | | | | | | 233 | 752 | 967 | 55 | | 2,007 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Owners' Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partners' capital |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 18,072 | 27,028 | 20,300 | 65,400 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lodgian REITs preferred shares |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 450 | | | 450 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Shareholders' equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retained deficit |
| | | | | | | | | | | | (51 | ) | (948 | ) | (481 | ) | (489 | ) | | (1,969 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total owners' equity |
| | | | | | | | | | | | (51 | ) | (948 | ) | 18,041 | 26,539 | 20,300 | 63,881 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and owners' equity |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 182 | $ | (196 | ) | $ | 19,008 | $ | 26,594 | $ | 20,300 | $ | 65,888 | |||||||||||||||||||
F-6
F-7
Unaudited Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Statement of Operations of RLJ Lodging Trust
For the Year Ended December 31, 2010
(unaudited)
(Amounts in thousands)
|
Predecessor(1) | Pro forma Acquisitions(2) |
Acquisition Adjustments |
NY LaGuardia Marriott Disposition(10) |
Subtotal | Pro forma Adjustments |
Pro forma | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating revenue |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Room Revenue |
$ | 466,608 | $ | 162,636 | $ | | $ | (20,978 | ) | $ | 608,266 | $ | | $ | 608,266 | |||||||||
Food and beverage revenue |
64,475 | 22,925 | | (6,765 | ) | 80,635 | | 80,635 | ||||||||||||||||
Other operating department revenue |
14,485 | 6,336 | | (1,158 | ) | 19,663 | | 19,663 | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
545,568 | 191,897 | | (28,901 | ) | 708,564 | | 708,564 | ||||||||||||||||
Expense |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expense |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Room |
103,333 | 41,591 | | (6,944 | ) | 137,980 | | 137,980 | ||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
44,423 | 18,537 | | (6,625 | ) | 56,335 | | 56,335 | ||||||||||||||||
Management fees |
19,140 | 6,752 | (702 | )(3) | (767 | ) | 24,423 | | 24,423 | |||||||||||||||
Other hotel operating expenses |
167,674 | 58,004 | 598 | (4) | (8,403 | ) | 217,873 | | 217,873 | |||||||||||||||
Total hotel operating expense |
334,570 | 124,884 | (104 | ) | (22,739 | ) | 436,611 | | 436,611 | |||||||||||||||
Depreciation |
100,793 | | 22,376 | (5) | (3,853 | ) | 119,316 | | 119,316 | |||||||||||||||
Property tax, ground rent and insurance |
34,868 | 13,281 | | (2,368 | ) | 45,781 | | 45,781 | ||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
19,599 | | | (60 | ) | 19,539 | | (11) | 19,539 | |||||||||||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs |
14,345 | | (12,898 | )(6) | | 1,447 | | 1,447 | ||||||||||||||||
Total operating expense |
504,175 | 138,165 | 9,374 | (29,020 | ) | 622,694 | | 622,694 | ||||||||||||||||
Operating income |
41,393 | 53,732 | (9,374 | ) | 119 | 85,870 | | 85,870 | ||||||||||||||||
Other income |
629 | | | 629 | | 629 | ||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
3,357 | 4 | | (5 | ) | 3,356 | | 3,356 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(89,195 | ) | | (15,645 | )(7) | 2,460 | (103,744 | ) | 26,928 | (12) | (83,301 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
(1,364 | )(7) | (6,426 | )(13) | ||||||||||||||||||||
|
(58 | )(14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
(43,816 | ) | 53,736 | (26,383 | ) | 2,574 | (13,889 | ) | 20,443 | 6,554 | ||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
(945 | ) | | (663 | )(8) | | (1,608 | ) | | (1,608 | ) | |||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
(44,761 | ) | 53,736 | (27,046 | ) | 2,574 | (15,497 | ) | 20,443 | 4,946 | ||||||||||||||
Less: Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interest |
(213 | ) | | 221 | (9) | | 8 | | 8 | |||||||||||||||
Distributions to preferred shareholders |
(62 | ) | | | | (62 | ) | 62 | (15) | | ||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income from continuing operations available to owners |
$ | (44,610 | ) | $ | 53,736 | $ | (27,267 | ) | $ | 2,574 | $ | (15,567 | ) | $ | 20,505 | $ | 4,938 | |||||||
F-8
Notes to the Pro Forma Combined Consolidated Statement of Operations of RLJ Lodging Trust
For the Year Ended December 31, 2010
(Amounts in thousands)
The following unaudited pro forma combined consolidated statement of operations of RLJ Lodging Trust (the "Company") for the year ended December 31, 2010 has been prepared to illustrate the estimated effect of this offering, the hotel acquisitions, the hotel disposition and the transactions described in items (1) through (15) below, assuming this offering and such transactions were completed on January 1, 2010.
F-9
|
Embassy Suites Tampa |
Red Roof Inn DC |
Embassy Suites Ft Myers |
Homewood Suites Washington |
NY/Fashion District |
HIS Denver Tech Center |
Garden District Hotel |
Integrated Capital Portfolio (3 hotels) |
HGI New Orleans Convention Center |
Green Park Portfolio (2 hotels) |
Hollywood Heights Hotel |
Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel NYC |
Embassy Suites Columbus |
Renaissance Pittsburgh Hotel |
Lodgian Portfolio (4 hotels) |
Archon Portfolio (2 hotels) |
Hampton Inn Houston Near the Galleria |
Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acquisition Date |
4/15/2010 |
6/1/2010 |
6/23/2010 |
7/1/2010 |
9/22/2010 |
10/14/2010 |
10/26/2010 |
11/5/2010 |
11/16/2010 |
11/18/2010 |
12/17/2010 |
12/23/2010 |
1/11/2011 |
1/12/2011 |
1/18/2011 |
1/24/2011 |
3/14/2011 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating revenue |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Room revenue |
$ | 5,137 | $ | 2,530 | $ | 1,923 | $ | 5,139 | $ | 6,675 | $ | 2,459 | $ | | $ | 14,602 | $ | 7,328 | $ | 4,946 | $ | 4,732 | $ | 54,406 | $ | 5,324 | $ | 13,241 | $ | 21,643 | $ | 7,634 | $ | 4,917 | $ | 162,636 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage revenue |
1,224 | | 378 | 55 | | 12 | | 437 | 830 | 350 | 673 | 4,093 | 1,105 | 4,692 | 7,742 | 1,334 | | 22,925 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other operating department revenue |
465 | 140 | 77 | 148 | 66 | 42 | | 235 | 541 | 161 | 355 | 1,721 | 84 | 645 | 1,290 | 251 | 115 | 6,336 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenue |
6,826 | 2,670 | 2,378 | 5,342 | 6,741 | 2,513 | | 15,274 | 8,699 | 5,457 | 5,760 | 60,220 | 6,513 | 18,578 | 30,675 | 9,219 | 5,032 | 191,897 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expense |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hotel operating expense |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Room |
779 | 332 | 591 | 1,004 | 1,509 | 505 | | 2,979 | 2,076 | 1,054 | 1,116 | 16,134 | 1,700 | 3,097 | 5,598 | 2,132 | 985 | 41,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Food and beverage |
835 | | 595 | 120 | | | | 193 | 1,000 | 332 | 618 | 4,002 | 968 | 3,758 | 4,965 | 1,151 | | 18,537 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Management fees |
153 | 119 | 100 | 214 | 167 | 101 | | 829 | 348 | 77 | 144 | 2,409 | 165 | 557 | 880 | 338 | 151 | 6,752 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other hotel operating expenses |
1,914 | 812 | 1,166 | 1,291 | 1,656 | 813 | | 3,628 | 3,168 | 1,756 | 1,872 | 15,243 | 2,801 | 6,634 | 10,274 | 3,369 | 1,607 | 58,004 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total hotel operating expense |
3,681 | 1,263 | 2,452 | 2,629 | 3,332 | 1,419 | | 7,629 | 6,592 | 3,219 | 3,750 | 37,788 | 5,634 | 14,046 | 21,717 | 6,990 | 2,743 | 124,884 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Impairment loss |
| | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate and personal property tax ground rent and insurance |
364 | 401 | 187 | 443 | 421 | 106 | | 762 | 458 | 513 | 412 | 4,809 | 392 | 901 | 2,281 | 478 | 353 | 13,281 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transaction costs |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expense |
4,045 | 1,664 | 2,639 | 3,072 | 3,753 | 1,525 | | 8,391 | 7,050 | 3,732 | 4,162 | 42,597 | 6,026 | 14,947 | 23,998 | 7,468 | 3,096 | 138,165 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating (loss) / income |
2,781 | 1,006 | (261 | ) | 2,270 | 2,988 | 988 | | 6,883 | 1,649 | 1,725 | 1,598 | 17,623 | 487 | 3,631 | 6,677 | 1,751 | 1,936 | 53,732 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest income |
| | | | | | | | | 4 | | | | | | | | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
2,781 | 1,006 | (261 | ) | 2,270 | 2,988 | 988 | | 6,883 | 1,649 | 1,729 | 1,598 | 17,623 | 487 | 3,631 | 6,677 | 1,751 | 1,936 | 53,736 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income tax expense |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
$ | 2,781 | $ | 1,006 | $ | (261 | ) | $ | 2,270 | $ | 2,988 | $ | 988 | $ | | $ | 6,883 | $ | 1,649 | $ | 1,729 | $ | 1,598 | $ | 17,623 | $ | 487 | $ | 3,631 | $ | 6,677 | $ | 1,751 | $ | 1,936 | $ | 53,736 | ||||||||||||||||||||
F-10
Property
|
Amount of Loan |
Interest Rate(1) |
Maturity Date | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Embassy Suites Tampa-Downtown Convention Center(2)(3) |
$ | 40,000 | 5.50 | % | 10/6/2013 | |||||
Homewood Suites by Hilton Washington(2)(3) |
31,000 | 5.50 | % | 10/6/2013 | ||||||
Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City(3) |
150,000 | 4.90 | % | 12/23/2013 | ||||||
Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City(3) |
50,000 | 10.75 | % | 12/23/2013 | ||||||
|
$ | 271,000 | ||||||||
F-11
The Company expects to incur additional corporate general and administrative expenses of approximately $ to $ that are not current contractual obligations or factually supportable and have therefore not been included as an adjustment in these pro forma financial statements, which are comprised primarily of legal and accounting expense associated with operating as a public company.
The Company expects to incur the following costs related to the formation transactions, which are non-recurring in nature and which have accordingly not been reflected as adjustments:
The Company's unaudited pro forma combined consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations would have been for the year ended December 31, 2010, nor does it purport to represent the Company's future results of operations.
F-12
RLJ Lodging Trust
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Trustees and Shareholders
RLJ Lodging Trust:
In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheet presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of RLJ Lodging Trust and its subsidiary (the "Company") at February 1, 2011 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. This financial statement is the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit. We conducted our audit of this statement in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
McLean,
Virginia
February 2, 2011
F-13
RLJ Lodging Trust
Consolidated Balance Sheet
February 1, 2011
Assets |
||||||
Cash |
$ | 1,000 | ||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,000 | ||||
Shareholders' Equity |
||||||
Common shares, $0.01 par value per share; 100,000 common shares authorized; 1,000 shares issued and outstanding |
$ | 10 | ||||
Additional paid-in-capital |
990 | |||||
Total shareholders' equity |
$ | 1,000 | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated balance sheet.
F-14
1. Organization
RLJ Lodging Trust (the "Company") was formed as a Maryland real estate investment trust on January 31, 2011. The Company intends to file a Registration Statement on Form S-11 with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to a proposed initial public offering (the "Offering") of its common shares of beneficial interest. The Company intends to contribute proceeds from the Offering to RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P. (the "Operating Partnership"), which was formed as a Delaware limited partnership on January 31, 2011, in exchange for partnership interests. The Operating Partnership will hold substantially all of the Company's assets and conduct substantially all of its business. The Company is self-advised and self-administered and was organized to invest primarily in premium-branded, focused-service and compact full-service hotels. The Company intends to elect and qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust ("REIT"), for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with the portion of its taxable year ending December 31, 2011.
The Company has no assets other than cash and has not yet commenced operations.
Upon completion of the Offering and related formation transactions, the Company will succeed to the operations and hotel investment and ownership platform of RLJ Development, LLC ("RLJ Development"), RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P. (and its parallel fund) ("Fund II") and RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P. (and its parallel fund) ("Fund III"). RLJ Development, Fund II and Fund III are entities under common control of Robert L. Johnson, the Company's Executive Chairman, and were formed for the purpose of acquiring and operating hotel properties. Upon completion of the Offering and formation transactions, all of the existing investors in RLJ Development, Fund II and Fund III will receive common shares and will be equity owners of the Company.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The consolidated balance sheet includes all of the accounts of the Company as of February 1, 2011, prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities and the amounts of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statement. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
Income Taxes
The Company intends to operate and be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. To qualify as a REIT, the Company must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to its shareholders (which is computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction or net capital gain) and which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP. As a REIT,
F-15
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
we generally will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent the Company currently distributes its REIT taxable income to its shareholders.
REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates and generally will not be permitted to qualify for treatment as a REIT for federal income tax purposes for the four taxable years following the year during which the qualification is lost unless the IRS grants the Company relief under certain statutory provisions. Such an event could materially and adversely affect the Company's net income and net cash available for distribution to shareholders. However, the Company intends to organize and operate in such a manner as to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
Organizational and Offering Costs
The Company expenses organization costs as incurred and offering costs, which include selling commissions, will be deferred and charged to shareholders' equity.
Share-Based Compensation
In connection with the Offering, the Company expects to adopt an equity incentive plan that will provide for the issuance of share-based equity instruments including potential grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights and other stock-based awards, including long-term incentive plan units in the operating partnership, or any combination of the foregoing. Awards granted under this plan will generally require service-based vesting over a period of years subsequent to the grant date and resulting equity-based compensation expense measured at the fair value of the award on the date of grant will be recognized as an expense in the financial statements over the vesting period. The Company will account for awards granted under applicable stock based compensation guidance contained in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification ASC 718.
3. Shareholders' Equity
Under the declaration of trust of the Company, the total number of shares initially authorized for issuance is 100,000 common shares. The board of trustees may amend the declaration of trust to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares.
At formation, the Company issued each of its two shareholders 500 common shares at $1 per share.
4. Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the date the balance sheet was issued, and no additional matters have come to its attention.
F-16
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Owners of
RLJ
Lodging Fund II, L.P.
RLJ Lodging Fund II (P.F. #1), L.P.
RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P.
RLJ Real Estate Fund III, (P.F. #1), L.P., and
RLJ Development, LLC
In our opinion, the accompanying combined consolidated balance sheets and the related combined consolidated statements of operations, of changes in owners' equity and of cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P., RLJ Lodging Fund II, (P.F. #1), L.P. RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P., RLJ Real Estate Fund III, (P.F. #1), L.P. and RLJ Development, LLC (collectively "The RLJ Predecessor" or the "Company") as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 and the results of their operations and their cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related combined consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP
McLean, VA
March 14, 2011
F-17
The RLJ Predecessor
Combined Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Amounts in thousands)
|
December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | ||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 2,626,690 | $ | 1,877,583 | ||||||
Investment in loans |
12,840 | 12,899 | ||||||||
Property and equipment, net |
1,585 | 2,386 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
267,454 | 151,382 | ||||||||
Restricted cash reserves |
70,520 | 52,885 | ||||||||
Hotel receivables, net of allowance of $406 and $140, respectively |
19,556 | 10,973 | ||||||||
Deferred financing costs, net |
9,298 | 3,830 | ||||||||
Deferred income tax asset |
799 | 4,509 | ||||||||
Due from general partner |
684 | 10,764 | ||||||||
Prepaid expense and other assets |
36,398 | 23,888 | ||||||||
Assets of hotels held for sale |
| 51,766 | ||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 3,045,824 | $ | 2,202,865 | ||||||
Liabilities and Owners' Equity |
||||||||||
Borrowings under credit facility |
$ | | $ | 145,983 | ||||||
Liabilities of hotels held for sale |
| 44,386 | ||||||||
Mortgage loans |
1,747,077 | 1,453,008 | ||||||||
Interest rate swap liability |
3,820 | 14,929 | ||||||||
Due to general partner |
62 | 39 | ||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expense |
60,911 | 48,176 | ||||||||
Deferred income tax liability |
799 | 4,509 | ||||||||
Advance deposits and deferred revenue |
5,927 | 4,972 | ||||||||
Accrued interest |
3,495 | 1,116 | ||||||||
Total liabilities |
1,822,091 | 1,717,118 | ||||||||
Owners' Equity |
||||||||||
Partners' capital |
||||||||||
Fund II general partner |
(13,409 | ) | (11,440 | ) | ||||||
Fund II limited partners |
433,013 | 459,903 | ||||||||
Fund III general partner |
(23,328 | ) | (17,852 | ) | ||||||
Fund III limited partners |
811,918 | 50,163 | ||||||||
Members' capital |
||||||||||
Class A members |
6,592 | 13,643 | ||||||||
Class B members |
4,751 | 5,807 | ||||||||
Fund IISeries A preferred units, no par value, 12.5%, 250 units authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively |
189 | 189 | ||||||||
Fund IIISeries A preferred units, no par value, 12.5%, 250 units authorized, issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively |
190 | 190 | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |
(3,806 | ) | (14,856 | ) | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest |
7,623 | | ||||||||
Total owners' equity |
1,223,733 | 485,747 | ||||||||
Total liabilities and owners' equity |
$ | 3,045,824 | $ | 2,202,865 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined consolidated financial statements.
F-18
The RLJ Predecessor
Combined Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Amounts in thousands)
|
For the years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
Revenue |
|||||||||||||
Hotel operating revenue |
|||||||||||||
Room revenue |
$ | 466,608 | $ | 408,667 | $ | 463,015 | |||||||
Food and beverage revenue |
64,475 | 61,327 | 71,766 | ||||||||||
Other operating department revenue |
14,485 | 12,494 | 17,038 | ||||||||||
Total revenue |
545,568 | 482,488 | 551,819 | ||||||||||
Expense |
|||||||||||||
Hotel operating expense |
|||||||||||||
Room |
103,333 | 90,663 | 97,407 | ||||||||||
Food and beverage |
44,423 | 41,758 | 48,934 | ||||||||||
Management fees |
19,140 | 17,203 | 21,365 | ||||||||||
Other hotel expenses |
167,674 | 151,849 | 165,092 | ||||||||||
Total hotel operating expense |
334,570 | 301,473 | 332,798 | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
100,793 |
96,154 |
84,390 |
||||||||||
Impairment loss |
| 98,372 | 21,472 | ||||||||||
Property tax, ground rent and insurance |
34,868 | 35,667 | 34,110 | ||||||||||
General and administrative |
19,599 | 18,215 | 18,791 | ||||||||||
Transaction and pursuit costs |
14,345 | 8,665 | 1,955 | ||||||||||
Organization costs |
| | 145 | ||||||||||
Total operating expense |
504,175 | 558,546 | 493,661 | ||||||||||
Operating income/(loss) |
41,393 | (76,058 | ) | 58,158 | |||||||||
Other income |
629 | 955 | 745 | ||||||||||
Interest income |
3,357 | 624 | 1,612 | ||||||||||
Interest expense |
(89,195 | ) | (92,175 | ) | (92,892 | ) | |||||||
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes |
(43,816 | ) | (166,654 | ) | (32,377 | ) | |||||||
Income tax (expense)/benefit |
(945 | ) | (1,801 | ) | 945 | ||||||||
Loss from continuing operations |
(44,761 | ) | (168,455 | ) | (31,432 | ) | |||||||
Income from discontinued operations |
22,145 | 457 | 2,111 | ||||||||||
Net loss |
(22,616 | ) | (167,998 | ) | (29,321 | ) | |||||||
Less: Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest |
(213 | ) | | | |||||||||
Net loss attributable to the Company |
(22,403 | ) | (167,998 | ) | (29,321 | ) | |||||||
Distributions to preferred unitholders |
(62 | ) | (62 | ) | (61 | ) | |||||||
Net loss available to owners |
$ | (22,465 | ) | $ | (168,060 | ) | $ | (29,382 | ) | ||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined consolidated financial statements.
F-19
The RLJ Predecessor
Combined Consolidated Statements of Changes in Owners' Equity
(Amounts in thousands)
|
Partners' Capital | |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fund II | Fund III | |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Members' Capital | Preferred Units | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
General Partner |
Limited Partners |
General Partner |
Limited Partners |
Total Owners' Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Class A | Class B | Fund II | Fund III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2007 |
$ | (8,518 | ) | $ | 567,073 | $ | (6,472 | ) | $ | (1,142 | ) | $ | 19,651 | $ | 5,831 | $ | 189 | $ | | $ | (14,393 | ) | $ | 562,219 | |||||||||
Components of comprehensive loss: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(13 | ) | (17,502 | ) | (6 | ) | (12,928 | ) | 903 | 225 | | | | (29,321 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net loss |
| | | | | | | | (373 | ) | (373 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized loss on interest rate derivatives |
| | | | | | | | (17,294 | ) | (17,294 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive loss |
(46,988 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partners' contributions |
7,157 | 138,364 | 8,011 | 50,768 | | | | | 204,300 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partners' distributions |
(8,251 | ) | (70,561 | ) | (13,711 | ) | | | | | | | (92,523 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Members' distributions |
| | | | (6,337 | ) | (68 | ) | | | | (6,405 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Issuance of preferred units, net of offering costs of $60 |
| | | | | | | 190 | | 190 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions to preferred unitholders |
| (30 | ) | | (31 | ) | | | | | | (61 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2008 |
$ | (9,625 | ) | $ | 617,344 | $ | (12,178 | ) | $ | 36,667 | $ | 14,217 | $ | 5,988 | $ | 189 | $ | 190 | $ | (32,060 | ) | $ | 620,732 | ||||||||||
Components of comprehensive loss: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
(115 | ) | (155,411 | ) | (5 | ) | (11,751 | ) | (537 | ) | (179 | ) | | | | (167,998 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net loss |
| | | | | | | | (150 | ) | (150 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on interest rate derivatives |
| | | | | | | | 17,354 | 17,354 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive loss |
(150,794 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partners' contributions |
6,946 | 8,645 | 8,042 | 25,278 | | | | | | 48,911 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Partners' distributions |
(8,646 | ) | (10,644 | ) | (13,711 | ) | | | | | | | (33,001 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Members' distributions |
| | | | (37 | ) | (2 | ) | | | | (39 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions to preferred unitholders |
| (31 | ) | | (31 | ) | | | | | | (62 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2009 |
$ | (11,440 | ) | $ | 459,903 | $ | (17,852 | ) | $ | 50,163 | $ | 13,643 | $ | 5,807 | $ | 189 | $ | 190 | $ | (14,856 | ) | $ | 485,747 | ||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined consolidated financial statements.
F-20
The RLJ Predecessor
Combined Consolidated Statements of Changes in Owners' Equity
(Amounts in thousands)
|
Partners' Capital | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Fund II | Fund III | |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Members' Capital | Preferred Units | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
General Partner |
Limited Partners |
General Partner |
Limited Partners |
Non- Controlling Interest |
Total Owners' Equity |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Class A | Class B | Fund II | Fund III | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Components of comprehensive loss: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
(20 | ) | (26,859 | ) | (8 | ) | (16,379 | ) | 15,658 | 5,205 | | | | (213 | ) | (22,616 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for gains included in net loss |
| | | | | | | | (58 | ) | | (58 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrealized gain on interest rate derivatives |
| | | | | | | | 11,108 | | 11,108 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total comprehensive loss |
(11,566 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partners' contributions |
6,697 | 8,646 | 8,243 | 778,165 | | | | | | | 801,751 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Partners' distributions |
(8,646 | ) | (8,646 | ) | (13,711 | ) | | | | | | | | (31,003 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Members' distributions |
| | | | (22,709 | ) | (6,261 | ) | | | | | (28,970 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Noncontrolling interest recorded upon the Doubletree Metropolitan hotel acquisition |
| | | | | | | | | 7,836 | 7,836 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
| | | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Distributions to preferred unitholders |
| (31 | ) | | (31 | ) | | | | | | | (62 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2010 |
$ | (13,409 | ) | $ | 433,013 | $ | (23,328 | ) | $ | 811,918 | $ | 6,592 | $ | 4,751 | $ | 189 | $ | 190 | $ | (3,806 | ) | $ | 7,623 | $ | 1,223,733 | |||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined consolidated financial statements.
F-21
The RLJ Predecessor
Combined Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Amounts in thousands)
|
For the years ended December 31, | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Net loss |
$ | (22,616 | ) | $ | (167,998 | ) | $ | (29,321 | ) | |||
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash flow provided by operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Gain on sale of properties |
(23,710 | ) | | (43 | ) | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
100,793 | 98,884 | 86,871 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred financing costs |
3,083 | 3,781 | 3,839 | |||||||||
Amortization of deferred management fees |
1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | |||||||||
Impairment loss |
| 98,372 | 21,472 | |||||||||
Preacquisition costs |
| | (116 | ) | ||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
| | (1,123 | ) | ||||||||
Unrealized gain on interest rate swaps |
(58 | ) | (149 | ) | (374 | ) | ||||||
Changes in assets and liabilities: |
||||||||||||
Hotel receivables, net |
(7,431 | ) | (890 | ) | 1,340 | |||||||
Prepaid expense and other assets |
2,048 | 1,006 | 1,792 | |||||||||
Accounts payable and accrued expense |
8,247 | (6,130 | ) | (1,714 | ) | |||||||
Advance deposits and deferred revenue |
342 | 350 | (341 | ) | ||||||||
Accrued interest |
2,380 | 626 | (6,304 | ) | ||||||||
Net cash flow provided by operating activities |
64,078 | 28,852 | 76,978 | |||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
||||||||||||
Acquisition of hotel properties, net of cash acquired |
(828,872 | ) | (145,315 | ) | (87,846 | ) | ||||||
Purchase deposit |
(8,500 | ) | | | ||||||||
Investment in loans |
| (12,917 | ) | | ||||||||
Improvements and additions to hotel properties |
(15,984 | ) | (20,028 | ) | (35,975 | ) | ||||||
Additions to property and equipment |
(80 | ) | (584 | ) | (2,487 | ) | ||||||
Advances from related parties |
10,103 | | 5,187 | |||||||||
Repayments to related parties |
| (10,592 | ) | | ||||||||
Proceeds from principal payments on investment in loans |
68 | 9 | | |||||||||
Other investing activities |
| 20 | 154 | |||||||||
Proceeds from sale of hotel properties |
72,747 | | | |||||||||
Funding of restricted cash reserves, net |
(16,089 | ) | (8,618 | ) | (9,433 | ) | ||||||
Net cash flow used in investing activities |
(786,607 | ) | (198,025 | ) | (130,400 | ) | ||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: |
||||||||||||
Borrowings under credit facility |
589,146 | 150,983 | 57,765 | |||||||||
Repayments under credit facility |
(735,129 | ) | (6,000 | ) | (99,818 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from mortgage loans |
331,000 | 14,777 | 70,584 | |||||||||
Payment of mortgage principal |
(79,706 | ) | (10,808 | ) | (6,300 | ) | ||||||
Payment of member distributions |
(28,971 | ) | (39 | ) | (6,405 | ) | ||||||
Proceeds from partner contributions |
801,750 | 48,911 | 204,300 | |||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of preferred shares |
| | 250 | |||||||||
Payment of preferred offering costs |
| | (60 | ) | ||||||||
Payment of partner distributions |
(31,003 | ) | (33,001 | ) | (92,523 | ) | ||||||
Payment of preferred unitholder distributions |
(62 | ) | (62 | ) | (61 | ) | ||||||
Payment of deferred financing costs |
(8,424 | ) | (387 | ) | (2,026 | ) | ||||||
Net cash flow provided by financing activities |
838,601 | 164,374 | 125,706 | |||||||||
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |
116,072 | (4,799 | ) | 72,284 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |
151,382 | 156,181 | 83,897 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year |
$ | 267,454 | $ | 151,382 | $ | 156,181 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these combined consolidated financial statements.
F-22
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements
(Amounts in thousands)
1. Organization
RLJ Lodging Fund II ("RLJ Fund II") comprises RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P. (the "Initial Fund II") and RLJ Lodging Fund II (P.F. #1), L.P. (the "Parallel Fund II"), which were formed in the state of Delaware on February 17, 2006 and April 5, 2006, respectively. The general partner of RLJ Fund II is RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC (the "Fund II General Partner"), a Delaware limited liability company. RLJ Fund II will continue until September 15, 2014 unless sooner dissolved pursuant to the terms of the RLJ Fund II limited partnership agreements or by operation of law. The terms of the partnerships may be extended for up to two additional one-year periods by the Fund II General Partner with the consent of a majority of the limited partner Advisory Board in order to permit the orderly dissolution of the fund.
RLJ Real Estate Fund III ("RLJ Fund III") comprises RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P. (the "Initial Fund III") and RLJ Real Estate Fund III (P.F. #1), L.P. (the "Parallel Fund III"), which were formed in the state of Delaware on June 18, 2007 and July 19, 2007, respectively. The general partner of RLJ Fund III is RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC (the "Fund III General Partner"), a Delaware limited liability company. RLJ Fund III will continue until January 14, 2016 unless sooner dissolved pursuant to the terms of the RLJ Fund III limited partnership agreements or by operation of law. The terms of the partnerships may be extended for up to two additional one-year periods by the Fund III General Partner with the consent of a majority of the limited partner Advisory Board in order to permit the orderly dissolution of the fund.
RLJ Development, LLC ("RLJ Development" and together with RLJ Fund II and RLJ Fund III, the "RLJ Predecessor" or the "Company") was formed in December 2000. RLJ Development is owned by its senior executives. The business and purpose of RLJ Development is to own, hold, manage and sell ownership interests in limited service hotel properties and engage in other real estate development activities.
RLJ Fund II was formed to acquire, own, hold for investment and ultimately dispose of upscale, focused or limited-service hotels, compact full-service hotels and full-service hotels located in or serving dense urban or suburban markets in the United States and Canada. The Parallel Fund II was organized to operate identically to the Initial Fund II, sharing ratably in all investments. The Initial Fund II and the Parallel Fund II are separate companies that do not have ownership interest in each other; however, through their respective wholly-owned subsidiaries, they jointly own a 100% interest in RLJ Lodging II Master, LLC (the "Fund II Master Company").
RLJ Fund III was formed to acquire, own, hold for investment and ultimately dispose of upscale, focused or limited-service hotels, compact full-service and full-service hotels, and a limited number of mixed-use properties with a lodging component and other commercial and residential properties located in or serving dense urban or suburban markets in the United States and Canada. The Parallel Fund III was organized to operate identically to the Initial Fund III, sharing ratably in all investments. The Initial Fund III and the Parallel Fund III are separate companies that do not have ownership interest in each other; however, through their respective wholly-owned subsidiaries, they jointly own a 100% interest in RLJ Real Estate III Master, LLC (the "Fund III Master Company").
The Initial Fund II owns a 100% interest in RLJ Lodging II REIT, LLC (the "Fund II Initial REIT"). The Fund II Initial REIT is a real estate investment trust ("REIT") as defined in the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"). The Parallel Fund II owns a 100% interest in RLJ Lodging II REIT
F-23
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
1. Organization (Continued)
(PF#1), LLC (the "Fund II Parallel REIT"). The Fund II Parallel REIT is a REIT as defined in the Code. The Fund II Initial REIT and the Fund II Parallel REIT are collectively referred to as the "Fund II Investment REITs."
Each investment made by RLJ Fund II is made through the Fund II Investment REITs. The Fund II Investment REITs make investments through the Master Company, which was organized in the state of Delaware on April 5, 2006. The Fund II Initial REIT and the Fund II Parallel REIT each own a percentage of the Fund II Master Company in proportion to the capital contributions made to the Fund II Initial Fund and the Fund II Parallel Fund, respectively. Together, the Fund II Investment REITs own a 100% interest in the Fund II Master Company. Substantially all of RLJ Fund II's and the Fund II Investment REITs' assets are held by, and all of their operations are conducted through, the Fund II Master Company or a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund II Master Company.
The Initial Fund III owns a 100% interest in RLJ Real Estate III REIT, LLC (the "Fund III Initial REIT"). The Fund III Initial REIT is a real estate investment trust ("REIT") as defined in the Internal Revenue Code (the "Code"). The Fund III Parallel Fund owns a 100% interest in RLJ Real Estate III REIT (PF#1), LLC (the "Fund III Parallel REIT"). The Fund III Parallel REIT is a REIT as defined in the Code. The Fund III Initial REIT and the Fund III Parallel REIT are collectively referred to as the "Fund III Investment REITs."
Each investment made by RLJ Fund III is made through the Fund III Investment REITs. The Fund III Investment REITs make investments through the Fund III Master Company, which was organized in the state of Delaware on July 27, 2007. The Fund III Initial REIT and the Fund III Parallel REIT each own a percentage of the Fund III Master Company in proportion to the capital contributions made to the Fund III Initial Fund and the Fund III Parallel Fund, respectively. Together, the Fund III Investment REITs own a 100% interest in the Fund III Master Company. Substantially all of RLJ Fund III's and the Fund III Investment REITs' assets are held by, and all of their operations are conducted through, the Fund III Master Company or a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund III Master Company.
RLJ Fund II had no operations prior to June 8, 2006, at which time the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P. and the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P. (P.F. #1) became effective. Collectively, both agreements are referred to as the "Fund II LP Agreements." From June 15, 2006 through September 15, 2006, the Initial Fund II completed six closings, admitting limited partners to the partnership, with the final closing on September 15, 2006. On January 15, 2007, the limited partnership agreements for both the Initial Fund II and the Parallel Fund II were amended and restated. Effective that date, the Initial Fund II is operating under the Third Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement and the Parallel Fund II is operating under the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement.
RLJ Fund III had no operations prior to July 12, 2007, at which time the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P. became effective. On August 14, 2007, the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P. (P.F. #1) became effective. Collectively, both agreements are referred to as the "Fund III LP Agreements." On April 3, 2009, the Fund III LP Agreements were amended and restated and now
F-24
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
1. Organization (Continued)
operate under the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement. From August 28, 2007 through January 14, 2008, the Initial Fund III completed five closings, admitting limited partners to the partnership, with the final closing on January 14, 2008.
As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund II owned interests in 110 hotels with 14,713 rooms located in California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Nevada, New York, Tennessee, Texas, and Utah. Additionally, as of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund II owned interests in land parcels located adjacent to certain hotels located in Illinois, Michigan and Texas. RLJ Fund II, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, owned a 100% interest in all of its assets. All of the assets are leased to the Fund II Master Company's taxable REIT subsidiary, RLJ Lodging II REIT Sub, Inc. (the "Fund II REIT Sub"), or a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund II REIT Sub. Each asset is leased under a participating lease that provides for rental payments equal to the greater of (i) a base rent or (ii) a percentage rent based on hotel revenues. Lease revenue from the Fund II REIT Sub and its wholly-owned subsidiaries is eliminated in consolidation. An independent hotel operator manages each hotel.
As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III owned interests in 22 hotels with 4,351 rooms located in California, Colorado, Florida, Louisiana, Maryland, New York, Texas and the District of Columbia. As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, also owned a 100% interest in two mortgage loans collateralized by hotels located in Georgia and Texas. Additionally, as of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III owned an interest in a land parcel located adjacent to a hotel in Texas. RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, owned a 100% interest in all of the assets, with the exception of the Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City. RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, owns a 95% interest in a joint venture, DBT Met Hotel Venture, LP, which was formed to engage in hotel operations related to the Doubletree Metropolitan hotel. The Fund III Master Company owns a 100% interest in the general partner of the limited partnership, DBT Met Venture GP, LLC, formed on December 8, 2010.
All of RLJ Fund III's assets, with the exception of the Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City, are leased to the Fund III Master Company's taxable REIT subsidiary, RLJ Real Estate III REIT Sub, Inc. (the "Fund III REIT Sub"), or a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund III REIT Sub. The Doubletree Metropolitan Manhattan hotel is leased to the DBT Met Venture's taxable REIT subsidiary, RLJ IIIDBT Metropolitan Manhattan Lessee, LLC (the "Met REIT Sub"). Each asset is leased under a participating lease that provides for rental payments equal to the greater of (i) a base rent or (ii) a percentage rent based on hotel revenues. Lease revenue from the Fund III REIT Sub and its wholly-owned subsidiaries is eliminated in consolidation. An independent hotel operator manages each hotel.
As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Development owned no hotel properties and primarily only had assets and liabilities associated with owned furniture, fixtures and equipment, leases and its employees.
F-25
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation
The combined consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").
The combined consolidated financial statements include the accounts of RLJ Fund II, RLJ Fund III and RLJ Development and their respective wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant inter-company balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Initial Fund II and the Parallel Fund II are separate entities that do not have ownership interest in each other but are under the common control of the Fund II General Partner, likewise, the Initial Fund III and the Parallel Fund III are separate entities that do not have ownership interest in each other but are under the common control of the Fund III General Partner. RLJ Development, RLJ Fund II and RLJ Fund III are entities under the common control of Robert L. Johnson and were formed for the purpose of acquiring and operating hotel properties. As part of the intended transaction, the registrant will acquire certain of the assets of RLJ Development, including employees, FF&E, and leases, which will represent substantially all of RLJ Development's business. Since these three entities are under common control and RLJ Lodging Trust will succeed to their operations and businesses, the combined entities of RLJ Fund II, RLJ Fund III, and RLJ Development are presented as The RLJ Predecessor and referred to as the Company.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities and the amounts of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassifications
Certain prior year amounts in these financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation with no impact to net income, owners' equity or cash flows.
Risks and Uncertainties
During the recent economic recession, the Company experienced reduced demand for its hotel rooms and services. Uncertainty over the economic recovery will continue to impact the lodging industry and the Company's financial results and growth. While the Company's financial results were impacted by the economic slowdown, it is expected that the Company's future financial results and growth will benefit while the economy continues to improve.
In addition, the Company owned 23 and 17 hotels located in the Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas metropolitan areas, respectively. As a result, the Company is susceptible to adverse market conditions in these areas, including industry downturns, relocation of businesses and any oversupply of hotel rooms or a reduction in lodging demand.
F-26
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Revenue Recognition
The Company's revenue comprises hotel operating revenue, such as room revenue, food and beverage revenue and revenue from other hotel operating departments (such as telephone, parking and business centers). These revenues are recorded net of any sales and occupancy taxes collected from guests. All rebates or discounts are recorded as a reduction in revenue, and there are no material contingent obligations with respect to rebates and discounts offered by the hotels. All revenues are recorded on an accrual basis as earned. Appropriate allowances are made for doubtful accounts and are recorded as bad debt expense. The allowances are calculated as a percentage of aged accounts receivable, based on individual hotel management company policy. Cash received prior to guest arrival is recorded as an advance from the guest and recognized as revenue at the time of occupancy.
Incentive payments received pursuant to entry into management agreements are deferred and amortized into income over the life of the respective agreements. In 2007, RLJ Fund II received an incentive payment of $3.0 million related to purchasing a hotel and entering into a management agreement with Marriott International for management of the New York LaGuardia Airport Marriott, which will be recognized over the remaining term of the management agreement. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, there is approximately $2.6 million and $2.7 million, respectively, remaining to be recognized.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The estimated fair values of financial instruments have been determined by the Company using available market information and appropriate valuation methods. Considerable judgment is required in interpreting market data to develop the estimates of fair value. Accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different market assumptions and/or estimation methods may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. The Company used the following market assumptions and/or estimation methods:
F-27
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
approximate fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of its variable rate debt by using quoted market rates for similar loans with similar terms.
Investment in Hotel Properties
Hotel acquisitions consist almost exclusively of land, land improvements, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment and inventory. The Company records the purchase price among these asset classes based on their respective fair values. When the Company acquires properties, they are acquired for use. Generally, the Company does not acquire any significant in-place leases or other intangible assets (e.g., management agreements, franchise agreements or trademarks) when hotels are acquired. The only intangible assets acquired through December 31, 2010 consist of favorable tenant lease agreements and miscellaneous operating agreements, which are short-term in nature and at market rates. In conjunction with the acquisition of a hotel, the Company typically negotiates new franchise and management agreements with the selected brand and manager.
The Company's investments in hotels are carried at cost and are depreciated using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 15 years for land improvements, 40 years for buildings and improvements and three to five years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Intangible assets arising from favorable or unfavorable leases are amortized using the straight-line method over the non-cancelable term of the agreement. Maintenance and repairs are expensed and major renewals or improvements are capitalized. Upon the sale or disposition of a fixed asset, the asset and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the related gain or loss is included in operations.
The Company considers each individual hotel to be an identifiable component of the business. In accordance with the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets guidance, the Company does not consider a hotel as "held for sale" until it is probable that the sale will be completed within one year and the other requisite criteria for such classification have been met. Once a hotel is designated as "held for sale" the operations for that hotel are included in discontinued operations. The Company does not depreciate hotel assets so long as they are classified as "held for sale." Upon designation of a hotel as being "held for sale" and quarterly thereafter, the Company reviews the realizability of the carrying value, less cost to sell, in accordance with the guidance. Any such adjustment in the carrying value of a hotel classified as "held for sale" is reflected in discontinued operations. The Company includes in discontinued operations the operating results of those hotels that are classified as "held for sale."
For hotels that are classified as held for investment, the Company assesses the carrying values of each hotel, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of these hotels may not be fully recoverable. Recoverability of the hotel is measured by comparison of the carrying amount of the hotel to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows, which take into account current market conditions and our intent with respect to holding or disposing of the hotel. If our
F-28
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
analysis indicates that the carrying value of the hotel is not recoverable on an undiscounted cash flow basis, we recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the hotel. Fair value is determined through various valuation techniques, including internally developed discounted cash flow models, comparable market transactions and third-party appraisals, where considered necessary.
The use of projected future cash flows is based on assumptions that are consistent with a market participant's future expectations for the travel industry and economy in general and our strategic plans to manage the underlying hotels. However assumptions and estimates about future cash flows and capitalization rates are complex and subjective. Changes in economic and operating conditions and our ultimate investment intent that occur subsequent to a current impairment analyses could impact these assumptions and result in future impairment charges of the hotels.
Investment in Loans
The Company holds investments in two collateralized mortgage loans. The loans are collateralized by the related hotels and were recorded at acquisition at their initial investment, which includes the amount paid to the seller plus any fees paid or less any fees received. The acquired loans were of a deteriorated credit quality as the loans were already in default, at the date of the Company's acquisition of the loans and therefore the amounts paid for the loans reflected the Company's determination that it was probable the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due pursuant to the loan's contractual terms.
When the loans were acquired, the Company commenced foreclosure proceedings. The Company initially acquired the loans for the reward of ownership of the underlying collateral and as a result placed the loans on non-accrual status and recognized income on a cash-basis method. The loans were brought current when the borrower paid all outstanding regular monthly payments and interest accrued. As the loans are no longer in default, the Company determined that the cash flows can reasonably be estimated and therefore the loans are no longer on non-accrual status.
The Company considers expected prepayments, and estimates the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal, interest and other cash flows. The Company determines any excess of the loan's scheduled contractual principal and contractual interest payments over all cash flows expected at acquisition as an amount that should not be accreted. The remaining amount, representing the excess of the loan's cash flows expected to be collected over the amount paid to acquire the loan is accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loan. The Company will regularly re-estimate cash flows expected to be collected over the life of the loan. Any changes in future cash flows expected to be collected will result in a prospective adjustment to the interest yield which will be recognized over the loan's remaining life. A reserve will be established if the present value of payments expected to be received, observable market prices, or the estimated fair value of the collateral (for loans that are dependent on the collateral for repayment) of an impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, no reserves for loan losses were deemed necessary.
F-29
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Cash and Cash Equivalents
All highly liquid investments with a maturity of three months or less when purchased are considered to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash balances in domestic banks, which, at times, may exceed the limits of amounts insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
Restricted Cash Reserves
All cash that is required to be maintained in a reserve escrow account by a management agreement and/or a mortgage agreement for replacement of furniture, fixtures and equipment and funding of real estate taxes and insurance is considered to be restricted cash reserves. Net cash from operations from the New York LaGuardia Airport Marriott are distributed monthly to the lender as a result of an event of default on its mortgage loan. The cash distributed to the lender is considered to be restricted cash reserves.
Deferred Financing Fees
Deferred financing fees relate to costs incurred to obtain long-term financing of hotel properties. Deferred financing fees are recorded at cost and are amortized using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method, over the respective terms of the mortgage loans that are collateralized by the hotel properties and over the term of a credit facility collateralized by capital commitments of RLJ Fund II or RLJ Fund III, as applicable (see Note 7) and are included as a component of interest expense. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, approximately $3.0 million, $3.7 million and $3.8 million (excluding discontinued operations), respectively, of amortization expense was recorded as a component of interest expense. Accumulated amortization at December 31, 2010 and 2009 was approximately $13.1 million and $10.1 million (excluding discontinued operations), respectively.
Deferred Management Fees
In June 2006, in consideration for the agreement of White Lodging Services Corporation ("WLS") to enter into new management agreements on terms favorable to RLJ Fund II, a subsidiary of RLJ Fund II made a one-time payment of $20.0 million to WLS. This payment was recorded at cost, and is being amortized as a component of management fee expense, which is included in management fees, over the 20-year initial term of the management agreement. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, $1.0 million of amortization expense was recorded in each year with respect to deferred management fees. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, accumulated amortization was approximately $4.6 million and $3.6 million, respectively.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) includes net income (loss) and other comprehensive income (loss). Other comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of unrealized gains and losses resulting from hedging activities.
F-30
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Advertising Costs
The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expense was approximately $4.2 million, $2.2 million and $1.9 million (excluding discontinued operations) for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and is included in other hotel operating expenses.
Transaction and Pursuit Costs
The Company incurs costs during the review of potential property acquisitions, including legal fees, architectural costs, environmental reviews and market studies. Prior to December 31, 2008, these costs were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets until the property was either acquired or the deal was abandoned. Costs related to properties that were acquired were reclassified to investment in hotel properties at the time of acquisition. Costs related to deals that were abandoned were expensed to transaction and pursuit costs at the time of abandonment.
On January 1, 2009, the Company adopted the new accounting guidance on business combinations, which requires transaction costs to be expensed as incurred. At December 31, 2008, the Company had approximately $700 of costs related to acquisitions that were expected to close during 2009, which were included in prepaid expenses and other current assets. Those costs were expensed as transaction and pursuit costs at December 31, 2008.
On February 26, 2009, RLJ Fund II terminated its obligation to purchase two additional properties under a purchase and sale agreement. Approximately $5.6 million was paid as a termination fee, which is included in transaction and pursuit costs.
Derivative Financial Instruments
In the normal course of business, the Company is exposed to the effects of interest rate changes. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, approximately 24.9% and 23.1%, respectively, of the Company's borrowings were subject to variable rates. The Company limits the risks associated with interest rate changes by following the Company's established risk management policies and procedures, including the use of derivatives. The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risk. The Company attempts to require that hedging derivative instruments be effective in reducing the interest rate risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. This effectiveness is essential in order to qualify for hedge accounting. Instruments that meet these hedging criteria are formally designated as hedges at the inception of the derivative contract. When the terms of an underlying transaction are modified, or when the underlying hedged item ceases to exist, all changes in the fair value of the instrument are marked-to-market with changes in value included in net income each period until the instrument matures.
The Company utilizes a variety of borrowing vehicles including a credit facility and medium and long-term financings. To reduce the Company's susceptibility to interest rate variability, the Company uses interest rate instruments, typically interest rate swaps and caps, to convert a portion of variable rate debt to fixed rate debt.
Interest rate differentials that arise under interest rate swap and cap contracts are recognized in interest expense over the life of the contracts. Interest rate swap and cap agreements contain a credit
F-31
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
risk that counterparties may be unable to fulfill the terms of the agreement. The Company has minimized that risk by evaluating the creditworthiness of its counterparties, who are limited to major banks and financial institutions, and it does not anticipate nonperformance by the counterparties.
Gains and losses on swap and cap agreements determined to be effective hedges are reported in other comprehensive income (loss) and are reclassified to earnings in the period in which earnings are affected by the underlying hedged item. The ineffective portion of all hedged items is recognized in earnings in the current period. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the aggregate fair value of approximately $3.8 million and $14.9 million, respectively, of the swap agreements was recorded as a liability in the accompanying combined consolidated financial statements.
Distributions
RLJ Fund II is required to make quarterly distributions to the Fund II General Partner and RLJ Fund II's limited partners in accordance with the Fund II LP Agreements. Distributable proceeds are apportioned among the Fund II General Partner and the RLJ Fund II limited partners in proportion to their respective percentage interests and then distributed to each partner (i) first, to partners until each has received a hurdle return of 9%, (ii) second, to partners until each partners' respective unreturned invested equity is reduced to zero, and (iii) thereafter 80% to limited partners and 20% to the Fund II General Partner. As of December 31, 2010, an aggregate of approximately $158.8 million (excluding advisory fees, see Note 12) had been distributed to partners.
RLJ Fund III is required to make quarterly distributions to the Fund III General Partner and RLJ Fund III's limited partners in accordance with the Fund III LP Agreements. Distributable proceeds are apportioned among the Fund III General Partner and the RLJ Fund III LP limited partners in proportion to their respective percentage interests and then distributed to each partner (i) first, to partners until each has received a hurdle return of 9%, (ii) second, to partners until each partners' respective unreturned invested equity is reduced to zero, (iii) third, 80% to partners and 20% to the Fund III General Partner, until each partner has received an internal rate of return of 11%, (iv) fourth, 60% to partners and 40% to the Fund III General Partner until the aggregate amount under (i) and (iii) distributed to the Fund III General Partner equals 20% of the aggregate amount distributed to the partners, and (v) thereafter 80% to limited partners and 20% to the Fund III General Partner. As of December 31, 2010, no distributions had been made to partners (excluding advisory fees, see Note 12).
RLJ Fund II, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, makes distributions to preferred unitholders semi-annually on June 30 and December 31 each year. As of December 31, 2010, an aggregate of approximately $131 had been distributed to preferred unitholders.
RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, makes distributions to preferred unitholders semi-annually on June 30 and December 31 each year. As of December 31, 2010, an aggregate of approximately $93 had been distributed to preferred unitholders.
Pursuant to the terms of the RLJ Development's Limited Liability Company Agreement (the "LLC Agreement"), distributions are made at the discretion of the managing member. Distributions are made to Members in the following priority; (i), first to Class A Members who are entitled to receive any unpaid preferred return until the unpaid preferred return is reduced to zero; (ii), next to
F-32
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
each Member, an amount equal to the excess of the tax rate percentage (as defined by the LLC Agreement) multiplied by the aggregate amount of net profits allocated to such members; (iii), next to Class A Members in proportion to the respective amounts of their unreturned capital (as defined by the LLC Agreement), until the unreturned capital of all Class A Members is reduced to zero; (iv), thereafter, among the Members in proportion to their respective membership percentage interests.
Allocation of Profits and Losses
Profits and losses of RLJ Fund II are allocated to the Fund II General Partner and RLJ Fund II's limited partners in accordance with the Fund II LP Agreements. Profits and losses are apportioned among the Fund II General Partner and the RLJ Fund II limited partners in proportion to their respective percentage interests (i) first, to partners until each has received a hurdle return of 9%, (ii) second, to partners until each partners' respective unreturned invested equity is reduced to zero, and (iii) thereafter 80% to limited partners and 20% to the Fund II General Partner.
Profits and losses of RLJ Fund III are allocated to the Fund III General Partner and RLJ Fund III's limited partners in accordance with the Fund III LP Agreements. Profits and losses are apportioned among the Fund III General Partner and the RLJ Fund III limited partners in proportion to their respective percentage interests (i) first, to partners until each has received a hurdle return of 9%, (ii) second, to partners until each partners' respective unreturned invested equity is reduced to zero, (iii) third, 80% to partners and 20% to the Fund III General Partner, until each partner has received an internal rate of return of 11%, (iv) fourth, 60% to partners and 40% to the Fund III General Partner until the aggregate amount under (i) and (iii) distributed to the Fund III General Partner equals 20% of the aggregate amount distributed to the partners, and (v) thereafter 80% to limited partners and 20% to the Fund III General Partner.
Profits of RLJ Development are allocated in accordance with the LLC Agreement: (i) first, to Members who received allocations of losses for earlier periods in proportion to the cumulative amount of those losses; (ii) next, to Class A Members in proportion to their respective percentage interests, until those Members have received cumulative allocation of profits for the current year and all prior years not offset by losses allocated to them equal to the cumulative amount of their annual preferred return; and (iii) thereafter, to the Members in proportion to their respective membership percentage interests. Losses of RLJ Development are allocated to Members in the following order or priority: (i) first, to Members who received allocations of profits in earlier fiscal years in proportion to the cumulative amount of profits previously allocated to them; (ii) next, to Members who have a positive capital account in proportion to the respective amounts of their positive capital accounts until the accounts are reduced to zero; and (iii) thereafter, to the Members in proportion to their respective percentage interests.
Noncontrolling Interests
As of December 31, 2010, we consolidate DBT Met Hotel Venture, LP, a majority-owned partnership that has a third-party, noncontrolling 5.0% ownership interest. The third-party partnership interest is included in noncontrolling interest on the balance sheet.
F-33
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Continued)
Income Taxes
The Fund II and Fund III Investment REITs have elected to be taxed as real estate investment trusts under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code commencing with their taxable years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, respectively. To qualify as a REIT, each Investment REIT must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that they currently distribute at least 90% of their adjusted taxable income to their owners. The Investment REITs' current intention is to adhere to these requirements and maintain the qualification for taxation as REITs. As REITs, the Investment REITs generally are not subject to federal corporate income tax on that portion of net income that is currently distributed to owners. If the Investment REITs fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, they will be subject to federal income taxes at regular corporate rates (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) and may not be able to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent taxable years. Even if the Investment REITs qualify for taxation as REITs, the Investment REITs may be subject to certain state and local taxes on their income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on their undistributed taxable income.
Taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to federal, state and local income taxes. As wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiaries of the Master Companies, the taxable REIT subsidiaries are required to pay income taxes at the applicable rates. The consolidated income tax provision or benefit includes the income tax provision or benefit related to the operations of the taxable REIT subsidiary as well as state income taxes incurred by the REITs and Master Companies.
Where required, deferred income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income taxes are recognized for temporary differences between the financial reporting bases of assets and liabilities and their respective income tax bases and for operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carryforwards based on enacted income tax rates expected to be in effect when such amounts are realized or settled. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that is more likely than not they will be realized based on consideration of available evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, future projected taxable income and tax planning strategies.
The Company has made no provision for federal or state income taxes (other than the provisions consolidated from wholly-owned subsidiaries), since the profits and losses are reported by the individual owners. The Company performs an annual review for any uncertain tax positions and will record expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions in its financial statements. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company did not identify any uncertain tax positions.
3. Acquisition of Hotel Properties
On January 8, 2009, RLJ Fund II, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 168-room Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington hotel for a purchase price of approximately $20.7 million. The hotel is located in Bloomington, Indiana. WLS was selected to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed using proceeds from a mortgage of approximately $14.8 million and operating capital.
F-34
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
3. Acquisition of Hotel Properties (Continued)
On February 25, 2009, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 298-room Hilton Garden Inn New York/West 35th Street hotel for a purchase price of approximately $125.0 million. The hotel is located in New York, New York. Highgate Hotels was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was initially financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions and subsequently by mortgage proceeds of approximately $60.0 million.
On April 15, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 360-room Embassy Suites Tampa-Downtown Convention Center hotel for a purchase price of approximately $77.0 million. The hotel is located in Tampa, Florida. Embassy Suites Management was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was initially financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions and subsequently by mortgage loan proceeds of approximately $40.0 million.
On June 1, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 196-room Fairfield Inn & Suites Washington, DC/Downtown hotel for a purchase price of approximately $40.0 million. The hotel is located in Washington, DC. Urgo Hotels was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On June 23, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 150-room Embassy Suites Ft Myers-Estero hotel for a purchase price of approximately $13.3 million. The hotel is located in Fort Myers, Florida. Embassy Suites Management was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On July 1, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 175-room Homewood Suites by Hilton Washington hotel for a purchase price of approximately $58.5 million. The hotel is located in Washington, DC. Crestline Hotels and Resorts was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was initially financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions and subsequently by mortgage loan proceeds of approximately $31.0 million.
On September 22, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 280-room Hilton New York/Fashion District for a purchase price of approximately $121.8 million. The hotel is located in New York, New York. Highgate Hotels was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On October 14, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 123-room Hampton Inn & Suites Denver Tech Center hotel for a purchase price of approximately $12.9 million. The hotel is located in Denver, Colorado. K Partners Hospitality Group was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On October 26, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 133-room Garden District hotel for a purchase price of approximately $6.4 million. The hotel is located in New Orleans, Louisiana. The hotel will remain closed during renovations and should re-open in the next twelve to eighteen months. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
F-35
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
3. Acquisition of Hotel Properties (Continued)
On November 5, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 108-room Residence Inn Columbia hotel for a purchase price of approximately $14.0 million. The hotel is located in Ellicott City, Maryland. Marriott Hotel Services was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On November 5, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 162-room Residence Inn National Harbor Washington, DC hotel for a purchase price of approximately $49.0 million. The hotel is located in National Harbor, Maryland. Marriott Hotel Services was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On November 5, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 130-room Residence Inn Silver Spring hotel for a purchase price of approximately $25.0 million. The hotel is located in Silver Spring, Maryland. Marriott Hotel Services was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On November 16, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 284-room Hilton Garden Inn New Orleans Convention Center hotel for a purchase price of approximately $25.2 million. The hotel is located in New Orleans, Louisiana. Interstate Management Company was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On November 18, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 105-room Hampton Inn West Palm Beach Central Airport hotel for a purchase price of approximately $12.1 million. The hotel is located in West Palm Beach, Florida. Interstate Management Company was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On November 18, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 100-room Hilton Garden Inn West Palm Beach Airport hotel for a purchase price of approximately $12.1 million. The hotel is located in West Palm Beach, Florida. Interstate Management Company was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On December 17, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 160-room Hollywood Heights Hotel for a purchase price of approximately $29.4 million. The hotel is located in Los Angeles, California. Interstate Management Company was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by borrowings on the credit facility and capital contributions.
On December 23, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 95% interest in the 759-room Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City. The total purchase price was approximately $335.0 million. The hotel is located in New York, New York. Highgate Hotels was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed using proceeds from a senior mortgage loan of $150 million, a mezzanine loan of $50 million and capital contributions.
F-36
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
3. Acquisition of Hotel Properties (Continued)
The allocation of purchase price for the hotel properties acquired was as follows:
|
December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | |||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||
Land and land improvements |
$ | 250,125 | $ | 26,535 | |||
Buildings and improvements |
546,940 | 113,602 | |||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
34,717 | 5,382 | |||||
Intangibles |
1,298 | | |||||
Total purchase price |
$ | 833,080 | $ | 145,519 | |||
There were no contingent consideration arrangements associated with these acquisitions nor was any goodwill recognized. See Note 17 for detail of non-cash prorations assumed at acquisition dates.
Total revenues and net loss from the hotels acquired in 2010 of $33.0 million and $8.9 million, respectively, are included in the accompanying combined consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010. Total revenues and net income from the hotels acquired in 2009 of $23.9 million and $1.3 million, respectively, are included in the accompanying combined consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2009.
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the results of operations as if the 2010 acquisitions had taken place on the latter of January 1, 2009 or the opening date of the hotel. The Garden District Hotel acquired on October 26, 2010 has been closed since 2008 and accordingly has no operating history and is excluded from the condensed pro forma financial information. The results of operations for the 2009 acquisitions for the period not owned were not significant compared to the Company's results of operations. The results of operations for the 2008 acquisitions are presented as if the acquisitions had taken place on January 1, 2008. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what actual results of operations would have been had the acquisitions taken place on January 1, 2009.
|
For the Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
|
(in thousands) |
|||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 667,448 | $ | 614,699 | $ | 565,592 | ||||
Net loss |
$ | (2,939 | ) | $ | (163,729 | ) | $ | (31,901 | ) |
4. Discontinued Operations
On January 31, 2007, RLJ Development, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, sold four hotels for $270.0 million, resulting in a gain of approximately $163.7 million. During 2008, RLJ Development settled certain expenses with the purchaser of those hotels and recorded an additional gain on sale of properties of $43.
On November 16, 2009, RLJ Development, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, entered into a purchase and sale agreement to sell six hotels. The assets were reclassified as held for sale and the operating results for the hotels were reclassified to discontinued operations. On April 23, 2010, RLJ
F-37
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
4. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
Development completed the sale of the six hotels for a total purchase price of $73.5 million. The sale resulted in a gain of approximately $23.7 million.
On April 23, 2010, the Company defeased five individual mortgages associated with the aforementioned six hotels sold on April 23, 2010 by replacing the original collateral with government securities. These loans carried an outstanding balance of $34.3 million at December 31, 2009. On April 28, 2010, the Company fully repaid the remaining outstanding $8.5 million mortgage loan associated with the six hotels sold on April 23, 2010, including a mortgage prepayment penalty totaling $153.
The aforementioned six RLJ Development mortgage notes included financial and other covenants that required the maintenance of certain ratios. As of December 31, 2009, RLJ Development was in compliance with all covenants under the six mortgage notes.
At December 31, 2009 the balance sheet of the assets held for sale were as follows:
|
2009 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(in thousands) |
|||||
Assets |
||||||
Cash held in escrow |
$ | 1,546 | ||||
Accounts receivable, net |
499 | |||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
252 | |||||
Property and equipment, net |
49,406 | |||||
Deferred financing costs, net |
63 | |||||
Total assets |
$ | 51,766 | ||||
Liabilities |
||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 492 | ||||
Accrued expenses |
1,104 | |||||
Advance deposits |
15 | |||||
Mortgage notes payable |
42,775 | |||||
Total liabilities |
$ | 44,386 | ||||
F-38
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
4. Discontinued Operations (Continued)
Comparative operating results of discontinued operations were as follows:
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
|
(in thousands) |
|||||||||
Net revenues |
$ | 6,771 | $ | 21,738 | $ | 24,964 | ||||
Operating expenses |
5,144 | 17,708 | 19,224 | |||||||
Operating income |
1,627 | 4,030 | 5,740 | |||||||
Interest expense |
(3,192 | ) | (3,573 | ) | (3,672 | ) | ||||
Net income from discontinued operations, before gain on sale |
(1,565 | ) | 457 | 2,068 | ||||||
Gain on sale of properties |
23,710 | | 43 | |||||||
Net income from discontinued operations |
$ | 22,145 | $ | 457 | $ | 2,111 | ||||
5. Investment in Hotel Properties
Investment in hotel properties as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 consisted of the following (excluding discontinued operations):
|
December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | |||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||
Land and land improvements |
$ | 487,971 | $ | 237,915 | |||
Buildings and improvements |
2,188,213 | 1,637,852 | |||||
Furniture, fixtures and equipment |
310,266 | 262,963 | |||||
Intangibles |
1,298 | | |||||
|
2,987,748 | 2,138,730 | |||||
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(361,058 | ) | (261,147 | ) | |||
Investment in hotel properties, net |
$ | 2,626,690 | $ | 1,877,583 | |||
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, depreciation and amortization expense related to investment in hotel properties was approximately $99.9 million, $95.4 million and $83.7 million (excluding discontinued operations), respectively.
Impairment
During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company determined there was no impairment on its investment in hotels. During the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, as a result of the general economic recession and reduced demand for its hotel rooms and services resulting from an overall decline in travel demand, the Company assessed the recoverability of the carrying value for all of the hotel assets in the portfolio. This assessment resulted in the Company determining that 17 and five hotels, respectively, had carrying values in excess of undiscounted cash flows, and accordingly recorded an impairment charge totaling $98.4 million and $21.5 million, respectively.
F-39
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
6. Investment in Loans
On November 3, 2009, RLJ Fund III purchased two mortgage loans collateralized by the SpringHill Suites Houston Medical Park and the Residence Inn Atlanta Midtown. The purchase price was $12.7 million, and was financed by borrowings on the credit facility. The loans mature on September 6, 2017, amortize based on a 30 year term and, as of December 31, 2010, had a principal balance of $14.2 million and $10.8 million, respectively. The acquired loans were of deteriorated credit quality as the loans were already in default at the date of the Company's acquisition of the loans, and therefore the amounts paid for the loans reflected the Company's determination that it was probable the Company would be unable to collect all amounts due pursuant to the loan's contractual terms.
Investment in loans as of December 31, 2010 and 2009 consisted of the following:
|
December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | |||||
Note secured by SpringHill Suites Houston Medical Park |
$ | 14,229 | $ | 14,431 | |||
Note secured by Residence Inn Atlanta Midtown |
10,771 | 10,932 | |||||
|
25,000 | 25,363 | |||||
Carrying amount of loans |
$ | 12,840 | $ | 12,899 | |||
|
Accretable Yield |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Balance at December 31, 2009 |
$ | | ||
Reclassification from nonaccretable difference |
7,212 | |||
Accretion |
(43 | ) | ||
Balance at December 31, 2010 |
$ | 7,169 | ||
The SpringHill Suites Houston Medical Park and Residence Inn Atlanta Midtown loans require monthly payments of principal and interest of $88 and $65, respectively. Subsequent to acquisition, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, began the foreclosure process to protect its investment. On July 16, 2010, RLJ Fund III settled and reinstated both of the loans purchased and reported as investment in loans on the combined consolidated balance sheets. The loans were brought current when the borrower paid all outstanding regular monthly payments due plus default interest of $815 and reimbursement of legal fees of $100. For the year ended December 31, 2010, interest income from the loans was $2.2 million, including $815 of default interest. For the year ended December 31, 2009, interest income from the loans was approximately $56.
7. Long-Term Debt
Credit Facility
RLJ Fund II, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, maintained a credit facility that provided for maximum borrowings of up to $100.0 million. The credit facility was collateralized by RLJ Fund II's partners' committed and uncalled capital and was guaranteed by RLJ Fund II. On May 8, 2008, RLJ Fund II terminated its credit facility.
F-40
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
7. Long-Term Debt (Continued)
Borrowings under the credit facility bore interest at variable rates equal to the London InterBank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a margin of 0.75%. For the year ended December 31, 2008, the weighted average interest rate for borrowings under the credit facility was approximately 4.75%.
RLJ Fund II incurred interest expense related to the credit facility of approximately $147 for the year ended December 31, 2008. Additionally, there was an unused commitment fee of 0.175% of the unused portion of the credit facility. RLJ Fund II incurred an unused commitment fee of approximately $49 for the year ended December 31, 2008.
RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, maintains a credit facility that provides for maximum borrowings of up to $200.0 million. The credit facility is collateralized by RLJ Fund III's partners' committed and uncalled capital and is guaranteed by RLJ Fund III. The credit facility matured on January 31, 2011. Borrowings under the credit facility bear interest at variable rates equal to the London InterBank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") plus a margin of 0.75%. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, the weighted average interest rate for borrowings under the credit facility was approximately 1.04%, 1.01% and 3.90%, respectively.
RLJ Fund III incurred interest expense related to the credit facility of approximately $1.0 million, $1.3 million and $533 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Additionally, there is an unused commitment fee of 0.15% of the unused portion of the credit facility. RLJ Fund III incurred an unused commitment fee of approximately $156, $119 and $262 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
RLJ Fund III is subject to a letter of credit with a value of approximately $1.9 million related to securing a swap agreement on certain variable rate mortgages. No balances have been drawn on this letter of credit as of December 31, 2010. Its issuance reduces the amount available on the credit facility by the entire $1.9 million value.
At December 31, 2010 and 2009, RLJ Fund III had outstanding borrowings under the credit facility of approximately $0 and $146.0 million, respectively. At December 31, 2010 and 2009, RLJ Fund III had approximately $198.1 million and $50.4 million, respectively, available for borrowing.
F-41
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
7. Long-Term Debt (Continued)
Mortgage Loans
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company is subject to the following mortgage loans (excluding loans collateralized by properties that are held for sale):
|
|
|
|
|
Principal balance at December 31, | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Number of Assets Encumbered |
Interest rate at December 31, 2010(1) |
Maturity Date |
Prepayment penalty |
|||||||||||||||
Lender
|
2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 1.36 | %(2) | July 2010 | (3 | ) | $ | 58,000 | $ | 58,000 | |||||||||
Keybank / State Street Bank(5) |
6 | 5.23 | %(2) | April 2011 | (4) | (3 | ) | 85,000 | 85,000 | ||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 2.01 | % | June 2011 | (3 | ) | 72,246 | 74,092 | |||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
10 | 1.86 | %(2) | July 2011 | (3 | ) | 92,000 | 92,000 | |||||||||||
Wells Fargo |
1 | 5.59 | % | Jan 2012 | (4) | (3 | ) | 23,967 | 24,710 | ||||||||||
Wells Fargo / GE |
13 | 5.69 | % | Feb 2012 | (4) | (6 | ) | 186,392 | 199,573 | ||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (7) | (3 | ) | 10,818 | 12,250 | ||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (7) | (3 | ) | 9,975 | 11,400 | ||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (7) | (3 | ) | 12,350 | 13,815 | ||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (7) | (3 | ) | 10,334 | 11,765 | ||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (7) | (3 | ) | 22,934 | 23,330 | ||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (7) | (3 | ) | 11,078 | 12,530 | ||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (7) | (3 | ) | 11,355 | 11,560 | ||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | May 2012 | (7) | (3 | ) | 13,339 | 14,840 | ||||||||||
Wells Fargo |
1 | 5.50 | % | June 2013 | (8) | (6 | ) | 60,000 | | ||||||||||
Wells Fargo |
1 | 5.50 | % | Oct 2013 | (8) | (6 | ) | 40,000 | | ||||||||||
Wells Fargo |
1 | 5.50 | % | Oct 2013 | (8) | (6 | ) | 31,000 | | ||||||||||
Wells Fargo |
1 | 4.90 | % | Dec 2013 | (8) | (6 | ) | 150,000 | | ||||||||||
Blackstone |
10.75 | % | Dec 2013 | (8) | (6 | ) | 50,000 | | |||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 6.12 | % | April 2015 | (9 | ) | 4,446 | 4,557 | |||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | May 2015 | (9 | ) | 5,123 | 5,260 | |||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.55 | % | May 2015 | (9 | ) | 11,997 | 12,319 | |||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 5,205 | 5,344 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 2,718 | 2,791 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 4,462 | 4,581 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 10,400 | 10,678 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 9,282 | 9,530 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 8,317 | 8,537 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.60 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 5,751 | 5,904 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.60 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 8,956 | 9,174 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 5,450 | 5,595 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 36,135 | 37,099 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.60 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 6,861 | 7,043 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 6,116 | 6,279 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 7,028 | 7,215 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.60 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 8,952 | 9,189 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 7,018 | 7,204 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 7,724 | 7,929 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 7,028 | 7,216 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 8,023 | 8,237 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.55 | % | June 2015 | (9 | ) | 10,068 | 10,336 | |||||||||||
Capmark Financial Group |
1 | 5.50 | % | July 2015 | (9 | ) | 7,083 | 7,272 | |||||||||||
Barclay's Bank |
1 | 5.44 | % | Sept 2015 | (9 | ) | 11,547 | 11,853 | |||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
1 | 6.29 | % | July 2016 | (10 | ) | 9,403 | 9,505 | |||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
1 | 6.29 | % | July 2016 | (10 | ) | 5,605 | 5,662 | |||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
1 | 6.29 | % | July 2016 | (10 | ) | 7,871 | 7,956 | |||||||||||
Merrill Lynch |
1 | 6.29 | % | July 2016 | (10 | ) | 9,416 | 9,510 | |||||||||||
Wachovia Securities |
43 | 6.29 | % | July 2016 | (10 | ) | 499,132 | 504,549 | |||||||||||
Wachovia Securities |
1 | 6.29 | % | July 2016 | (10 | ) | 6,742 | 6,815 | |||||||||||
Wells Fargo / Morgan Stanley |
2 | 6.29 | % | July 2016 | (10 | ) | 35,669 | 36,056 | |||||||||||
Wells Fargo / Morgan Stanley |
1 | 6.29 | % | July 2016 | (10 | ) | 6,916 | 6,992 | |||||||||||
Wells Fargo / Morgan Stanley |
1 | 6.29 | % | July 2016 | (10 | ) | 9,845 | 9,956 | |||||||||||
|
120 | $ | 1,747,077 | $ | 1,453,008 | ||||||||||||||
F-42
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
7. Long-Term Debt (Continued)
As of December 31, 2010, future minimum principal payments on mortgage loans are as follows:
|
(in thousands) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
2011 |
$ | 293,304 | ||
2012 |
294,300 | |||
2013 |
345,192 | |||
2014 |
14,896 | |||
2015 |
15,975 | |||
Thereafter |
783,410 | |||
|
$ | 1,747,077 | ||
Some mortgage agreements are subject to customary financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with these covenants at December 31, 2010 and 2009.
In February 2010, RLJ Fund II received a notice of event of default for failure to make the required monthly payment on its mortgage loan secured by the New York LaGuardia Airport Marriott located in New York, NY. The mortgage loan matured in July 2010. In August 2010, RLJ Fund II initiated a deed in lieu of foreclosure process for the mortgage loan. At December 31, 2010, the book value of the New York LaGuardia Airport Marriott equals the fair market value which is less than the mortgage loan balance.
In March 2010, RLJ Fund II amended the Wells Fargo/GE mortgage loan secured by 13 properties, which was previously due and payable in January 2010. In conjunction with the amendment, the mortgage principal balance was paid down to $192.1 million. The amended mortgage loan is subject to a variable rate of interest, currently 5.69%, and requires monthly payments of principal and interest. Additionally, a one-time mortgage amortization payment of $2.5 million was paid in December 2010. The mortgage has a new maturity date of February 2012.
In May 2010, RLJ Fund II restructured certain Capmark Financial Group mortgage loans secured by eight properties. In connection with the restructuring, principal was paid down by $7.5 million on
F-43
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
7. Long-Term Debt (Continued)
these loans. The restructured loans are subject to a variable interest rate of LIBOR plus 4.00% and the original maturity dates were extended to May 2012, plus two one-year extensions are available.
8. Commitments and Contingencies
Ground Leases
The Louisville Marriott Downtown is subject to a ground lease with an initial term extending out to 2053. The ground lease may be extended for up to four additional twenty-five year terms at RLJ Fund II's option. The annual ground rent is one dollar; however, the property is subject to an annual profit participation payment based on net income as calculated based on the terms of the ground lease. As of both December 31, 2010 and 2009, no liability was incurred for profit participation.
The Courtyard Austin Downtown/Convention Center and Residence Inn Austin Downtown/Convention Center are subject to a ground lease with a term extending to 2100. The annual ground rent is $400; however, the properties are subject to an annual profit participation payment based on gross revenue as calculated based on the terms of the ground lease. For the years ended December, 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, approximately $176, $230 and $202, respectively, had been incurred for profit participation.
The Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington is subject to a ground lease with an initial term extending to 2053. The ground lease automatically extends for up to five additional ten-year terms unless certain conditions are met. A de minimus minimum rent payment is to be paid in ten equal annual installments commencing with the twentieth anniversary of the leases' inception. No other payments are required under the terms of the ground lease.
The Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington is subject to an agreement to lease parking spaces with an initial term extending to 2033. The agreement to lease parking spaces may be extended if certain events occur. The agreement provides for a monthly rental payment based on city ordinance rates (at December 31, 2010 and 2009 the rate was de minimis) and the number of parking spaces reserved for the exclusive use of the hotel, plus amounts based on actual usage in excess of the reserved spaces. For the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, approximately $110 and $108 of rent was paid.
The Hampton Inn Garden City is subject to a ground lease with an initial term extending to 2016. The lease is associated with an agreement for payment in lieu of taxes and will revert to fee simple ownership at the end of the ground lease. A de minimus rent payment is to be paid annually. In addition, an annual compliance fee of $1 is required under the terms of the ground lease.
Restricted Cash Reserves
The Company is obligated to maintain reserve funds for capital expenditures at the hotels (including the periodic replacement or refurbishment of furniture, fixtures and equipment) as determined pursuant to the management agreements, franchise agreements and/or mortgage loan documents. The management agreements, franchise agreements and/or mortgage loan documents require the Company to reserve restricted cash ranging from 1.0% to 5.0% of the individual hotel's revenues and maintain the reserves in restricted cash reserve escrows. Amounts will be capitalized as incurred. Any unexpended amounts will remain the property of the Company upon termination of the management agreements, franchise agreements or mortgage loan documents. Additionally, some mortgage agreements require the Company to reserve restricted cash for the periodic payment of real
F-44
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
8. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)
estate taxes and insurance. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, approximately $65.9 million and $52.9 million, respectively, was available in restricted cash reserves for future capital expenditures, real estate taxes and insurance.
As of December 31, 2010, the New York LaGuardia Airport Marriott was in default on its mortgage loan. Under the terms of the mortgage loan, the lender receives the monthly net cash from operations from the hotel. As of December 31, 2010, approximately $4.6 million in cash was held by the lender.
Management Agreements
As of December 31, 2010, all of the Company's hotel properties are operated pursuant to long-term agreements with terms ranging from 3 to 60 years, with fourteen management companies, including Aimbridge Hospitality (two hotels), Concord Hospitality Enterprises Company (one hotel), Crescent Hotels and Resorts (two hotels), Crestline Hotels (one hotel), Embassy Suites Management (three hotels), Highgate Hotels (three hotel), Interstate Hotels (six hotels), K Partners Hospitality (one hotel) Marriott International (five hotels), Noble (one hotel), Stonebridge Realty Advisors, Inc. (one hotel), Urgo Hotels (two hotels) and WLS (104 hotels). Each management company receives a base management fee generally between 2.0% and 7.0% of hotel revenues. The management companies are also eligible to receive an incentive management fee if hotel operating income, as defined in the management agreements, exceeds certain thresholds. The incentive management fee is generally calculated as a percentage of hotel operating income after the Company has received a priority return on their investment in the hotel.
For years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company incurred management fee expense, including amortization of deferred management fees, of approximately $19.1 million, $17.2 million and $21.4 million (excluding discontinued operations), respectively.
Franchise Agreements
As of December 31, 2010, 125 of the Company's hotel properties are operated under franchise agreements with terms ranging from 5 to 34 years. The management agreements for these hotels allow the properties to operate under the respective brands. Pursuant to the franchise agreements, the Company pays a royalty fee, generally between 2.0% and 6.0% of room revenue, plus additional fees for marketing, central reservation systems and other franchisor costs that amount to between 0.4% and 4.3% of room revenue. Certain hotels are also charged a royalty fee of between 2.0% and 3.0% of food and beverage revenues. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company incurred franchise fee expense of approximately $33.0 million, $28.8 million and $31.9 million (excluding discontinued operations), respectively.
Litigation
Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries are currently involved in any regulatory or legal proceedings that management believes will have a material adverse effect on the financial position, operations or liquidity of the Company.
F-45
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
8. Commitments and Contingencies (Continued)
Purchase Agreements
As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, was subject to a purchase and sale agreement to purchase the Embassy Suites Columbus from 2700 Corporate Exchange Drive Holdings, LLC. RLJ Fund III consummated the transaction pursuant to the terms of the agreement on January 11, 2011, and received its $250 deposit as a credit at closing.
As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, was subject to a purchase and sale agreement to purchase the Renaissance Pittsburgh from Fulton Hotel Developer, LLLP. RLJ Fund III consummated the transaction pursuant to the terms of the agreement on January 12, 2011, and received its $2.0 million deposit as a credit at closing.
As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, was subject to a purchase and sale agreement to purchase a portfolio of four hotels from LSREF Peach Investments, LLC. RLJ Fund III consummated the transaction pursuant to the terms of the agreement on January 18, 2011, and received its $4.0 million deposit as a credit at closing.
As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, was subject to a purchase and sale agreement to purchase the Wyndham Raleigh Durham and the Wyndham Pittsburgh University from W2001 Eastern Hotel Realty. RLJ Fund III consummated the transaction pursuant to the terms of the agreement on January 18, 2011, and received its $2.0 million deposit as a credit at closing.
RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, is subject to a security deposit agreement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the "FDIC") for the opportunity to pursue properties seized by the government. If RLJ Fund III breaches the confidentiality agreement, it may forfeit its deposit. The agreement requires a $250 deposit which is available to be refunded at RLJ Fund III's request to terminate, or if granted by the FDIC even with breach of confidentiality.
9. Owners' Equity
Partners' Capital
As of December 31, 2010, the RLJ Fund II partners had made aggregate capital contributions of approximately $726.2 million. In addition, $16.8 million of advisory fees, which reduce limited partner capital commitments, have been paid by the limited partners to the Fund II General Partner. Accordingly, 100.0% of total capital commitments have been committed as of December 31, 2010. As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund II had made distributions of approximately $150.1 million, in aggregate, including approximately $23.2 million of advisory fees distributed to the Fund II General Partner on behalf of the limited partners.
As of December 31, 2010, the RLJ Fund III partners had made aggregate capital contributions of approximately $807.0 million. In addition, $47.6 million of advisory fees, which reduce limited partner capital commitments, have been paid by the limited partners to the Fund III General Partner. Accordingly, 71.7% of total capital commitments have been deployed as of December 31, 2010. As of December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III had made no distributions.
F-46
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
9. Owners' Equity (Continued)
Members' Capital
The rights and obligations of the equity holders of RLJ Development (the "Members") are governed by its limited liability company agreement of RLJ Development dated December 19, 2000, and amended January 1, 2002 (the "Operating Agreement"). Each member's interest in the Company is equal to the percentage of capital initially contributed by that Member. The Class A Members hold a 75% ownership interest and the two Class B members hold a total interest of 25%. The Class A Members have made capital contributions totalling $115.3 million none of which were contributed during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009. The Class B Members were not required to make, nor have they made any, capital contributions during the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009.
Series A Preferred Units
On October 24, 2006, the Fund II Investment REITs (through the Fund II Initial REIT and the Fund II Parallel REIT) completed two private offerings of 125 units each (250 units in the aggregate) of 12.5% cumulative non-voting preferred units for an aggregate amount of $250. The units have no par value and have a liquidation value of $1. Dividends are paid semi-annually on June 30 and December 31. The units are redeemable by the Initial REIT and the Fund II Parallel REIT, respectively, for the liquidation value plus accumulated and unpaid dividends plus, if redeemed before December 31, 2011, a redemption premium. After deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs, the Fund II Investment REITs raised aggregate net proceeds of approximately $189.
On December 17, 2007, the Fund III Investment REITs (through the Fund III Initial REIT and the Fund III Parallel REIT) completed two private offerings of 125 units each (250 units in the aggregate) of 12.5% cumulative non-voting preferred units for an aggregate amount of $250. The units have no par value and have a liquidation value of $1. Dividends are paid semi-annually on June 30 and December 31. The units are redeemable by the Fund III Initial REIT and the Fund III Parallel REIT, respectively, for the liquidation value plus accumulated and unpaid dividends plus, if redeemed before December 31, 2012, a redemption premium. After deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering costs, the Fund III Investment REITs raised aggregate net proceeds of approximately $190.
As of December 31, 2010, an aggregate of approximately $131 had been distributed to Fund II preferred unitholders.
As of December 31, 2010, an aggregate of approximately $93 had been distributed to Fund III preferred unitholders.
10. Financial Instruments: Derivatives and Hedging
The Company employs interest rate swaps and caps to hedge against interest rate fluctuations. Unrealized gains and losses are reported in other comprehensive income (loss) with no effect recognized in earnings as long as the characteristics of the swap and the hedged item are closely
F-47
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
10. Financial Instruments: Derivatives and Hedging (Continued)
matched. The ineffective portion of all hedges is recognized in earnings in the current period. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the Company has entered into the following interest rate swaps and caps:
|
Notional Value at December 31, | |
|
Fair Value at December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Swap Interest Rate |
|
|||||||||||||||||
Hedge type
|
2010 | 2009 | Maturity | 2010 | 2009 | ||||||||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
|
|
(in thousands) |
|||||||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
$ | | $ | 33,919 | 5.10 | % | 1/19/2010 | $ | | $ | (151 | ) | |||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 12,250 | 5.09 | % | 5/17/2010 | | (274 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 58,000 | 5.08 | % | 6/13/2010 | | (1,504 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 11,400 | 5.33 | % | 6/21/2010 | | (322 | ) | |||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
| 75,000 | 5.00 | % | 6/23/2010 | | | ||||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 13,815 | 5.33 | % | 6/27/2010 | | (403 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 11,765 | 5.33 | % | 6/27/2010 | | (343 | ) | |||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
| 60,000 | 5.00 | % | 7/11/2010 | | | ||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
| 16,000 | 5.00 | % | 7/11/2010 | | | ||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
| 16,000 | 5.00 | % | 7/11/2010 | | | ||||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 23,330 | 5.33 | % | 7/15/2010 | | (733 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 11,418 | 5.49 | % | 7/18/2010 | | (377 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 12,090 | 5.49 | % | 7/18/2010 | | (399 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 12,530 | 4.94 | % | 8/2/2010 | | (391 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 19,903 | 4.94 | % | 8/23/2010 | | (670 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 11,560 | 4.94 | % | 8/30/2010 | | (398 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 40,300 | 4.77 | % | 10/3/2010 | | (1,491 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 24,852 | 4.77 | % | 10/3/2010 | | (920 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 14,839 | 4.76 | % | 10/15/2010 | | (565 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 12,090 | 4.72 | % | 11/30/2010 | | (513 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
| 10,075 | 4.72 | % | 11/30/2010 | | (427 | ) | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
28,269 | 28,269 | 3.09 | % | 1/22/2011 | (120 | ) | (811 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
48,000 | 48,000 | 6.00 | % | 4/9/2011 | | | ||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
37,000 | 37,000 | 6.00 | % | 4/9/2011 | | | ||||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
8,732 | 8,732 | 3.45 | % | 4/30/2011 | (114 | ) | (328 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
73,168 | | 5.00 | % | 6/9/2011 | | | ||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
60,000 | | 5.00 | % | 7/15/2011 | | | ||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
16,000 | | 5.00 | % | 7/15/2011 | | | ||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
16,000 | | 5.00 | % | 7/15/2011 | | | ||||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
11,418 | 11,418 | 3.33 | % | 9/22/2011 | (266 | ) | (449 | ) | ||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
85,000 | 85,000 | 3.33 | % | 9/22/2011 | (2,095 | ) | (3,460 | ) | ||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
60,000 | | 5.00 | % | 6/29/2012 | 18 | | ||||||||||||
Interest rate cap |
50,000 | | 3.50 | % | 12/23/2012 | 71 | | ||||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
150,000 | | 1.15 | % | 12/23/2012 | (1,384 | ) | | |||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
40,000 | | 1.00 | % | 10/6/2013 | 39 | | ||||||||||||
Swap-cash flow |
31,000 | | 1.00 | % | 10/6/2013 | 31 | | ||||||||||||
|
$ | 714,587 | $ | 719,555 | $ | (3,820 | ) | $ | (14,929 | ) | |||||||||
F-48
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
10. Financial Instruments: Derivatives and Hedging (Continued)
As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, there was approximately $3.8 million and $14.9 million, respectively, in unrealized losses included in accumulated other comprehensive loss, a component of owners' equity, related to interest rate hedges that are effective in offsetting the variable cash flows. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 there was approximately $58, $150 and $373, respectively, in unrealized gains recognized in earnings related to hedges that were ineffective in offsetting variable cash flows.
Over time, the unrealized gains reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified to interest income. The unrealized gains are reclassified to earnings during the same period the associated hedged items are also recognized in earnings. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, the Company reclassified approximately $58, $150 and $373, respectively, of accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings as interest income in conjunction with interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2010, there were no ineffective hedges. The Company does not anticipate reclassifying any unrealized gains to interest income over the next twelve months.
11. Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date in the principal or most advantageous market. The fair value hierarchy has three levels of inputs, both observable and unobservable:
Recurring Fair Value Measurements: The following table presents the Company's fair value hierarchy for those financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2010.
|
Fair Value at December 31, 2010 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Total | |||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||||||||
Interest rate swap liability |
$ | | $ | (3,820 | ) | $ | | $ | (3,820 | ) | |||
Consistent with the prior year, the fair values of the derivative financial instruments are determined using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. The Company determined that the significant inputs, such as interest yield curves and discount rates, used to value its derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and that the credit valuation adjustments associated with the Company's counterparties and its own credit risk utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. As of December 31, 2010, the Company assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of its
F-49
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
11. Fair Value Measurements (Continued)
derivative positions and determined that the credit valuation adjustments were not significant to the overall valuation of its derivatives. As a result, the Company determined that its derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
For purposes of determining impairment charges in 2009 and 2008, investments in hotel properties were valued using third-party appraisals. These appraisals include various valuation techniques that require inputs that are both observable and unobservable. Inputs used to value the hotel properties include discount and capitalization rates and sales comparables where available and appropriate. These valuations are generally classified within Level 3 of the valuation hierarchy.
12. Advisory Fees
Pursuant to the terms of the Fund II LP Agreements, the Fund II General Partner is entitled to receive annual advisory fees directly from the limited partners in consideration for the Fund II General Partner providing and managing the day-to-day operations and expenditures of RLJ Fund II. Total advisory fees due to the Fund II General Partner from limited partners, including advisory fees due from the limited partners admitted during subsequent closes, for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 were approximately $8.6 million, $8.6 million and $8.2 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 all advisory fees due had been paid.
Pursuant to the terms of the Fund III LP Agreements, the Fund III General Partner is entitled to receive annual advisory fees directly from the limited partners in consideration for the Fund III General Partner providing and managing the day-to-day operations and expenditures of RLJ Fund III. Total advisory fees due to the General Partner from limited partners, including advisory fees due from the limited partners admitted during subsequent closes, for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 were approximately $13.7 million, per year. As of December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, all advisory fees had been paid by the limited partners.
The combined consolidated financial statements of the Company reflect these advisory fees as contributions and distributions within the respective partner accounts. As a result of the combination of RLJ Development with RLJ Fund II and RLJ Fund III and after elimination entries, the actual expenses associated with operating RLJ Fund II and RLJ Fund III have been reflected in these financial statements.
13. Related Party Transactions
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, RLJ Fund II, through wholly owned subsidiaries, incurred management and franchise fees of approximately $1.0 million, $1.0 million and $2.6 million, respectively, to affiliates of Marriott International, a related party through its limited partnership interests in RLJ Fund II and RLJ Fund III. As of both December 31, 2010 and 2009, RLJ Fund II had no management and franchise fees payable to affiliates of Marriott International.
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, incurred management and franchise fees of approximately $103, $0 and $0, respectively, to affiliates of Marriott International, a related party through its limited partnership interest in RLJ Fund III. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, RLJ Fund III had no management and franchise fees payable to affiliates of Marriott International.
For the year ended December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, incurred management fees of approximately $966, to affiliates of Highgate Hotels, a related party. As of
F-50
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
13. Related Party Transactions (Continued)
December 31, 2010, RLJ Fund III had $177 of management fees payable to affiliates of Highgate Hotels.
In 2009, the Fund III Master Company borrowed from the credit facility (see Note 7) to advance approximately $10.3 million to the General Partner of RLJ Fund III, creating a receivable of $10.3 million at December 31, 2009 from the Fund III General Partner at the Master Company. The receivable was paid in full in January 2010.
The Company pays monthly fees for management advisory services to the managing member of RLJ Development. Such fees amounted to $2.3 million, $1.8 million and $1.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively.
RLJ Companies LLC, a related party, periodically pays certain amounts on the Company's behalf. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, amounts due to RLJ Companies LLC totaled $61 and $39, respectively.
During 2010 and 2009, the Company paid certain costs on the behalf of RLJ Development (Mexico), LLC, a related party through common ownership, and RLJ Development (Mexico), LLC paid for certain amounts on the Company's behalf. At December 31, 2009 and 2008, the amounts due from RLJ Development (Mexico), LLC were $684 and $481, respectively.
During 2010 and 2009, the Company made charitable contributions totaling $320 and $326, respectively, which are included in general and administrative expense. These charitable contributions were paid to various foundations and charitable organizations, of which $55 and $105, respectively, were directed by related parties.
14. Income Taxes
For federal income tax purposes, the cash distributions paid to the preferred unitholders and to the Company may be characterized as ordinary income, return of capital (generally non-taxable) or capital gains. The following characterizes partner distributions made to the Company and preferred unitholders for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009:
|
For the Years Ended December 31, | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | ||||||
Partner distributions |
||||||||
Ordinary income |
100.00 | % | | |||||
Return of capital |
| 100.00 | % | |||||
Capital gains |
| | ||||||
|
100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | ||||
Preferred distributions |
||||||||
Ordinary income |
100.00 | % | | |||||
Return of capital |
| 100.00 | % | |||||
Capital gains |
| | ||||||
|
100.00 | % | 100.00 | % | ||||
F-51
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
14. Income Taxes (Continued)
The components of the income tax provision are as follows:
|
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||||||
Current: |
|||||||||||
Federal |
$ | | $ | | $ | | |||||
State |
(997 | ) | (1,801 | ) | (883 | ) | |||||
Other |
| | | ||||||||
Deferred: |
|||||||||||
Federal |
52 | | 1,694 | ||||||||
State |
| | 134 | ||||||||
Total net deferred tax (expense)/benefit |
$ | (945 | ) | $ | (1,801 | ) | $ | 945 | |||
The provision for income taxes differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the applicable U.S. statutory federal income tax rate to pretax income from continuing operations for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 as a result of the following differences:
|
For the Years Ended December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
|
(in thousands) |
|||||||||
Expected federal tax benefit at statutory rate |
$ | 14,897 | $ | 56,650 | $ | 11,007 | ||||
Tax impact of passthrough entities |
(5,850 | ) | (5,690 | ) | (5,578 | ) | ||||
Tax impact of REIT election |
2,162 | (37,702 | ) | 1,050 | ||||||
Expected tax benefit at TRS |
11,209 | 13,258 | 6,479 | |||||||
Change in valuation allowance |
(12,426 | ) | (13,589 | ) | (5,309 | ) | ||||
State income tax benefit (expense), net of federal tax benefit |
143 | (556 | ) | (206 | ) | |||||
Other, net |
129 | (914 | ) | (19 | ) | |||||
Income tax (expense) benefit |
$ | (945 | ) | $ | (1,801 | ) | $ | 945 | ||
During 2009, the Company identified an unrecorded prior period (2007) state tax expense totaling $981 which was corrected in the 2009 Statement of Operations as an adjustment to increase current period income tax expense.
F-52
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
14. Income Taxes (Continued)
Deferred income taxes represent the tax effect of the differences between the book and tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets (liabilities) include the following:
|
December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | |||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||
Property and equipment |
$ | | $ | (3,978 | ) | ||
Prepaid expenses |
(794 | ) | (531 | ) | |||
Accrued interest |
(5 | ) | | ||||
Gross deferred tax liabilities |
$ | (799 | ) | $ | (4,509 | ) | |
Property and equipment |
$ |
2,070 |
$ |
|
|||
Allowance for doubtful accounts |
158 | 50 | |||||
Incentive and vacation accrual |
1,189 | 804 | |||||
Inventory basis difference |
37 | 33 | |||||
Transaction costs |
135 | 208 | |||||
Alternative minimum tax credit carryforward |
26 | 78 | |||||
Net operating loss carryforwards |
28,507 | 22,232 | |||||
Valuation allowance |
(31,323 | ) | (18,896 | ) | |||
Gross deferred tax assets |
$ | 799 | $ | 4,509 | |||
The Company recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $31.3 million and $18.9 million related to its net operating loss, or NOL, carryforwards and other deferred tax assets at December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, as the Company believed it was more likely than not that it would not realize the benefits associated with these NOLs and other deferred tax assets. The ability to carry forward the NOLs of approximately $28.5 million will begin to expire in 2026, if not utilized by then. If the Company's TRS entities were to experience a change in control as defined in Section 382 of the Code, the TRS's ability to utilize NOLs in the years after the change in control would be limited.
The net current and non-current components of deferred income taxes included in the combined consolidated balance sheets are as follows:
|
December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | |||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||
Current net deferred tax assets |
$ | | $ | | |||
Current net deferred tax liabilities |
(799 | ) | (4,509 | ) | |||
Non-current net deferred tax assets |
799 | 4,509 | |||||
Non-current net deferred tax liabilities |
| | |||||
Net deferred tax liability |
$ | | $ | | |||
We had no accruals for tax uncertainties as of December 31, 2010 and 2009.
15. Comprehensive Loss
For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, comprehensive loss was approximately $11.6 million, $150.8 million and $47.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2010 and 2009, the
F-53
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
15. Comprehensive Loss (Continued)
Company's accumulated other comprehensive loss was approximately $3.8 million and $14.9 million, respectively. The accumulated other comprehensive loss resulted entirely from the Company's unrealized losses on its interest rate derivative instruments.
16. Segment Information
The Company separately evaluates the performance of each of its hotels. However, because each of the hotels has similar economic characteristics, facilities, and services, the properties have been aggregated into a single operating segment.
17. Supplemental Information to Statement of Cash Flows
|
For the Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
(in thousands) |
||||||||||
Interest paid |
$ | 83,670 | $ | 87,761 | $ | 95,595 | |||||
Income taxes paid |
$ | 1,934 | $ | 1,814 | $ | 975 | |||||
Supplemental non-cash transactions: |
|||||||||||
In conjunction with the hotel acquisitions, the Company assumed the following assets and liabilities: |
(in thousands) | ||||||||||
Purchase of real estate |
$ | 833,080 | $ | 145,519 | $ | 173,649 | |||||
Assumption of loans |
| | (85,000 | ) | |||||||
Accounts receivable |
878 | 11 | 292 | ||||||||
Other assets |
6,942 | 170 | 712 | ||||||||
Advance deposits |
(624 | ) | (134 | ) | (141 | ) | |||||
Accounts payable and accrued expenses |
(3,568 | ) | (251 | ) | (1,666 | ) | |||||
Less: Noncontrolling interest |
(7,836 | ) | | | |||||||
Acquisition of hotel properties |
$ | 828,872 | $ | 145,315 | $ | 87,846 | |||||
In conjunction with the hotel disposals, the Company disposed of the following assets and liabilities: |
|||||||||||
Sale of real estate |
$ | 49,452 | $ | | $ | | |||||
Accounts receivable |
225 | | | ||||||||
Other assets |
61 | | | ||||||||
Advance deposits |
(26 | ) | | | |||||||
Other liabilities |
(675 | ) | | | |||||||
Gain on sale of property |
23,710 | | | ||||||||
Disposition of hotel properties |
$ | 72,747 | $ | | $ | | |||||
Change in fair market value of interest rate swaps and caps |
$ | 11,108 | $ | 17,354 | $ | (17,294 | ) | ||||
18. Subsequent Events
On January 5, 2011, RLJ Fund III issued a capital call notice to partners, calling an aggregate contribution of approximately $67.9 million, including approximately $2.5 million of advisory fees payable to the General Partner.
F-54
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
18. Subsequent Events (Continued)
On January 11, 2011, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 221-room Embassy Suites Columbus hotel for a purchase price of approximately $9.6 million. The hotel is located in Columbus, Ohio. Crescent Hotels and Resorts was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by capital contributions.
On January 12, 2011, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 300-room Renaissance Pittsburgh Hotel for a purchase price of approximately $47.3 million. The hotel is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Sage Hospitality was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by capital contributions.
On January 14, 2011, RLJ Fund III entered into a $140 million unsecured term loan. RLJ Fund III has agreed to maintain an unencumbered asset pool of ten hotel properties during the term of the credit facility. The credit facility has an original maturity date of September 30, 2011, with two six-month extension options, and bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.25%, with a LIBOR floor of 1.00%.
On January 18, 2011, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 181-room Courtyard Atlanta Buckhead hotel for a purchase price of approximately $27.0 million. The hotel is located in Atlanta, Georgia. Noble Management Group was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by capital contributions.
On January 18, 2011, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 152-room Doubletree Hotel Columbia for a purchase price of approximately $10.5 million. The hotel is located in Columbia, Maryland. Urgo Hotels was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by capital contributions.
On January 18, 2011, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 238-room Denver Airport Marriott at Gateway Park hotel for a purchase price of approximately $46.0 million. The hotel is located in Denver, Colorado. Sage Hospitality was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by capital contributions.
On January 18, 2011, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 219-room Crowne Plaza Hotel West Palm Beach for a purchase price of approximately $16.0 million. The hotel is located in West Palm Beach, Florida. Windsor Capital Group was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by capital contributions.
On January 24, 2011, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 175-room Wyndham Raleigh Durham-Research Triangle Park hotel for a purchase price of approximately $7.0 million. The hotel is located in Durham, North Carolina. Noble Management Group was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by capital contributions.
On January 24, 2011, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 198-room Wyndham Pittsburgh hotel for a purchase price of approximately $21.3 million. The hotel is located in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Urgo Hotels was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by capital contributions.
On March 14, 2011, RLJ Fund III, through wholly-owned subsidiaries, acquired a 100% interest in the 176-room Hampton Inn HoustonNear the Galleria for a purchase price of approximately $20.3 million. The hotel is located in Houston, Texas. Interstate Management Company was engaged to manage the hotel. The acquisition was financed by capital contributions.
F-55
The RLJ Predecessor
Notes to Combined Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(Amounts in thousands)
18. Subsequent Events (Continued)
The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the results of operations as if the 2011 acquisitions had taken place on the latter of January 1, 2010 or the opening date of the hotel. The pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and are not necessarily indicative of what actual results of operations would have been had the acquisitions taken place on January 1, 2010.
|
For the Year Ended December 31, 2010 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Revenue |
$ | 615,585 | ||
Net loss |
$ | (15,177 | ) |
The preliminary allocation of purchase price for the hotel properties acquired was as follows:
|
December 31, 2010 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Land and land improvements |
$ | 29,131 | ||
Buildings and improvements |
153,557 | |||
Furniture, Fixtures and equipment |
22,182 | |||
|
$ | 204,870 | ||
The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the date the financial statements were issued, and no additional matters have come to our attention.
F-56
THE RLJ PREDECESSOR
Schedule IIIReal Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2010
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
Initial Costs | |
Gross Amount at December 31, 2010 | |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Description
|
Debt | Land | Building & Improvements |
Subsequent Costs Capitalized |
Land | Buildings & Improvements |
Total | Accumulated Depreciation |
Date Acquired |
Depreciation Life |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott Airport Austin South |
$ | 22,043 | $ | 2,252 | $ | 16,522 | $ | 1,337 | $ | 2,252 | $ | 17,859 | $ | 20,111 | $ | 1,966 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||
Marriott Denver South @ Park Meadow |
39,154 | 5,384 | 39,488 | 269 | 5,384 | 39,757 | 45,141 | 4,538 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott Louisville Downtown |
72,244 | | 89,541 | 19 | | 89,560 | 89,560 | 10,254 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott Pontiac |
13,806 | 3,437 | 25,224 | 22 | 3,437 | 25,246 | 28,683 | 2,892 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott Midway |
28,027 | 4,464 | 32,736 | 555 | 4,464 | 33,291 | 37,755 | 3,797 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Renaissance Boulder Suites @ Flatiron |
18,833 | 4,440 | 32,557 | 3 | 4,440 | 32,560 | 37,000 | 3,730 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Renaissance Plantation |
25,361 | 4,842 | 35,517 | 187 | 4,842 | 35,704 | 40,546 | 4,079 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Holiday Inn Austin NW Plaza |
11,844 | 1,546 | 11,337 | 443 | 1,546 | 11,780 | 13,326 | 1,335 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Austin Central |
14,559 | 1,894 | 13,891 | 536 | 1,894 | 14,427 | 16,321 | 1,628 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Austin NW Parmer Lane |
12,547 | 1,443 | 10,585 | 609 | 1,443 | 11,194 | 12,637 | 1,248 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Austin South |
5,450 | 1,530 | 11,222 | 96 | 1,530 | 11,318 | 12,848 | 1,268 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Benton Harbor |
2,595 | 345 | 2,534 | 130 | 345 | 2,664 | 3,009 | 297 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Brandon |
10,617 | 1,036 | 7,599 | 53 | 1,036 | 7,652 | 8,688 | 1,155 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Chicago Downtown Mag Mile |
36,135 | 8,140 | 59,696 | 1,783 | 8,140 | 61,479 | 69,619 | 6,761 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Fort Wayne |
9,713 | 1,143 | 8,389 | 180 | 1,143 | 8,569 | 9,712 | 973 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Golden |
6,861 | 1,325 | 9,716 | 43 | 1,325 | 9,759 | 11,084 | 1,096 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Goshen |
5,605 | 356 | 2,614 | 114 | 356 | 2,728 | 3,084 | 410 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Grand Rapids Airport |
4,446 | 706 | 5,185 | 142 | 706 | 5,327 | 6,033 | 581 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Hammond |
7,871 | 1,038 | 7,616 | 114 | 1,038 | 7,730 | 8,768 | 879 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Indy Capital |
17,709 | 2,482 | 18,207 | 127 | 2,482 | 18,334 | 20,816 | 2,092 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Lakewood |
2,718 | 536 | 3,931 | 19 | 536 | 3,950 | 4,486 | 445 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Longmont/Boulder |
6,116 | 1,192 | 8,745 | 83 | 1,192 | 8,828 | 10,020 | 988 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Louisville |
9,282 | 1,640 | 12,025 | 55 | 1,640 | 12,080 | 13,720 | 1,358 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Louisville NE |
9,448 | 1,374 | 10,079 | 153 | 1,374 | 10,232 | 11,606 | 1,158 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Merrillville |
9,144 | 537 | 3,943 | 283 | 537 | 4,226 | 4,763 | 737 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Mesquite |
7,235 | 942 | 6,915 | 58 | 942 | 6,973 | 7,915 | 797 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Midway |
9,593 | 2,172 | 15,927 | 206 | 2,172 | 16,133 | 18,305 | 2,373 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Mishawaka/South Bend |
7,024 | 640 | 4,699 | 71 | 640 | 4,770 | 5,410 | 721 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Pontiac |
6,910 | 482 | 3,543 | 73 | 482 | 3,616 | 4,098 | 641 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Salt Lake City Airport |
18,172 | 2,333 | 17,110 | 46 | 2,333 | 17,156 | 19,489 | 1,964 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard San Antonio Airport Northstar |
9,849 | 1,196 | 8,768 | 458 | 1,196 | 9,226 | 10,422 | 1,030 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Sugarland |
8,251 | 1,217 | 8,931 | 48 | 1,217 | 8,979 | 10,196 | 1,025 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Valparaiso |
4,690 | 248 | 1,825 | 50 | 248 | 1,875 | 2,123 | 370 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Schaumburg |
13,173 | 2,078 | 15,239 | 10 | 2,078 | 15,249 | 17,327 | 1,621 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Miramar |
10,664 | 1,619 | 11,872 | | 1,619 | 11,872 | 13,491 | 1,039 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Austin Downtown |
37,638 | 6,049 | 44,361 | | 6,049 | 44,361 | 50,410 | 3,607 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Grand Junction |
10,664 | 1,576 | 11,754 | | 1,576 | 11,754 | 13,330 | 711 | 2008 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Austin Airport |
11,291 | 1,691 | 12,404 | 1,030 | 1,691 | 13,434 | 15,125 | 967 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin NW |
11,477 | 1,403 | 10,290 | 33 | 1,403 | 10,323 | 11,726 | 1,182 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin South Airport |
6,853 | 802 | 5,883 | 5 | 802 | 5,888 | 6,690 | 675 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin Parmer Lane |
8,023 | 1,483 | 10,872 | 36 | 1,483 | 10,908 | 12,391 | 1,227 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Carmel |
8,952 | 1,646 | 12,076 | 143 | 1,646 | 12,219 | 13,865 | 1,366 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Fishers |
8,335 | 998 | 7,322 | 33 | 998 | 7,355 | 8,353 | 843 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Golden |
7,018 | 1,222 | 8,963 | 26 | 1,222 | 8,989 | 10,211 | 1,011 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Hammond |
6,917 | 980 | 7,190 | 123 | 980 | 7,313 | 8,293 | 833 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Galleria |
17,606 | 2,665 | 19,549 | 21 | 2,665 | 19,570 | 22,235 | 2,242 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Indianapolis Airport |
7,728 | 786 | 5,772 | 167 | 786 | 5,939 | 6,725 | 806 | 2006 | 40 |
F-57
THE RLJ PREDECESSOR
Schedule IIIReal Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2010 (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
Initial Costs | |
Gross Amount at December 31, 2010 | |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Description
|
Debt | Land | Building & Improvements |
Subsequent Costs Capitalized |
Land | Buildings & Improvements |
Total | Accumulated Depreciation |
Date Acquired |
Depreciation Life |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Indianapolis Canal |
17,960 | 2,670 | 19,588 | 345 | 2,670 | 19,933 | 22,603 | 2,262 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Lakewood |
4,462 | 986 | 7,230 | 13 | 986 | 7,243 | 8,229 | 815 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Longmont |
7,028 | 1,407 | 10,321 | | 1,407 | 10,321 | 11,728 | 1,162 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Louisville |
8,431 | 1,298 | 9,519 | 46 | 1,298 | 9,565 | 10,863 | 1,094 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Louisville NE |
7,724 | 1,319 | 9,675 | 71 | 1,319 | 9,746 | 11,065 | 1,092 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Merrillville |
7,112 | 595 | 4,372 | 190 | 595 | 4,562 | 5,157 | 780 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Novi |
7,083 | 1,427 | 10,445 | 24 | 1,427 | 10,469 | 11,896 | 1,178 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Oakbrook |
11,547 | | 20,436 | | | 20,436 | 20,436 | 2,299 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Plantation |
19,943 | 2,183 | 16,021 | 3 | 2,183 | 16,024 | 18,207 | 2,240 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Pontiac |
10,502 | 320 | 2,354 | 163 | 320 | 2,517 | 2,837 | 782 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Round Rock |
11,566 | 1,684 | 12,349 | 133 | 1,684 | 12,482 | 14,166 | 1,417 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Salt Lake City |
9,403 | 875 | 6,416 | 37 | 875 | 6,453 | 7,328 | 739 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn San Antonio Downtown |
11,454 | 1,822 | 13,360 | 23 | 1,822 | 13,383 | 15,205 | 1,533 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Schaumburg |
10,357 | 1,790 | 13,124 | 245 | 1,790 | 13,369 | 15,159 | 1,516 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn South Bend |
3,391 | 603 | 4,425 | 231 | 603 | 4,656 | 5,259 | 518 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Sugarland |
7,500 | 1,100 | 8,073 | 20 | 1,100 | 8,093 | 9,193 | 926 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Chicago Naperville |
10,068 | 1,923 | 14,101 | 11 | 1,923 | 14,112 | 16,035 | 1,588 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Downtown Louisville |
11,291 | 1,815 | 13,308 | | 1,815 | 13,308 | 15,123 | 1,331 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Miramar |
11,291 | 1,692 | 12,409 | 5 | 1,692 | 12,414 | 14,106 | 1,087 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Grand Junction |
8,155 | 870 | 9,197 | 8 | 870 | 9,205 | 10,075 | 604 | 2008 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Austin Downtown |
23,210 | 3,767 | 27,626 | 11 | 3,767 | 27,637 | 31,404 | 2,246 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites North Parmer Lane |
7,028 | 1,957 | 14,351 | 2 | 1,957 | 14,353 | 16,310 | 1,615 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Austin South Airport |
12,061 | 1,605 | 11,768 | 77 | 1,605 | 11,845 | 13,450 | 1,355 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Carmel |
8,956 | 1,816 | 13,320 | 580 | 1,816 | 13,900 | 15,716 | 1,527 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Louisville Hurstbourne |
8,317 | 1,890 | 13,869 | 526 | 1,890 | 14,395 | 16,285 | 1,586 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Mishawaka South Bend |
5,751 | 983 | 7,217 | 51 | 983 | 7,268 | 8,251 | 949 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Schaumburg |
10,124 | 1,554 | 11,396 | 485 | 1,554 | 11,881 | 13,435 | 1,329 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Southfield |
5,123 | 379 | 2,782 | 17 | 379 | 2,799 | 3,178 | 611 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Westminster |
10,400 | 2,409 | 17,670 | 109 | 2,409 | 17,779 | 20,188 | 1,994 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Longmont |
7,214 | 1,144 | 8,388 | 11 | 1,144 | 8,399 | 9,543 | 840 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn Austin Central |
4,002 | 556 | 4,078 | 23 | 556 | 4,101 | 4,657 | 469 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn Austin South |
4,298 | 505 | 3,702 | 16 | 505 | 3,718 | 4,223 | 425 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn Brandon |
10,072 | 926 | 6,795 | 103 | 926 | 6,898 | 7,824 | 1,015 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Cherry Creek |
11,316 | 1,203 | 8,823 | 104 | 1,203 | 8,927 | 10,130 | 1,018 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn Hammond |
6,742 | 722 | 5,301 | 251 | 722 | 5,552 | 6,274 | 623 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn Indianapolis Airport |
6,763 | 657 | 4,820 | 257 | 657 | 5,077 | 5,734 | 667 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn & Suites Key West |
14,164 | 1,803 | 19,325 | | 1,803 | 19,325 | 21,128 | 2,078 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn Memphis |
1,590 | 163 | 1,199 | 46 | 163 | 1,245 | 1,408 | 195 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn Merrillville |
7,479 | 768 | 5,636 | 41 | 768 | 5,677 | 6,445 | 650 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn Midway |
5,205 | 1,425 | 10,449 | 44 | 1,425 | 10,493 | 11,918 | 1,200 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn San Antonio Airport |
9,416 | 1,140 | 8,363 | 94 | 1,140 | 8,457 | 9,597 | 965 | 2006 | 40 |
F-58
THE RLJ PREDECESSOR
Schedule IIIReal Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2010 (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
Initial Costs | |
Gross Amount at December 31, 2010 | |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Description
|
Debt | Land | Building & Improvements |
Subsequent Costs Capitalized |
Land | Buildings & Improvements |
Total | Accumulated Depreciation |
Date Acquired |
Depreciation Life |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn San Antonio Downtown |
8,580 | 1,378 | 10,105 | 52 | 1,378 | 10,157 | 11,535 | 1,162 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fairfield Inn Valparaiso |
2,266 | 157 | 1,157 | 2 | 157 | 1,159 | 1,316 | 216 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Holiday Inn Select Kentwood |
4,054 | 582 | 4,274 | 2 | 582 | 4,276 | 4,858 | 655 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hampton Inn Merrillville |
5,783 | 665 | 4,879 | 109 | 665 | 4,988 | 5,653 | 566 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Holiday Inn Express Merrillville |
5,158 | 545 | 4,005 | 77 | 545 | 4,082 | 4,627 | 464 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hampton Inn Chicago Midway Airport |
16,555 | 2,747 | 20,143 | 357 | 2,747 | 20,500 | 23,247 | 2,325 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn Midway |
21,418 | 2,978 | 21,842 | | 2,978 | 21,842 | 24,820 | 2,503 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Sleep Inn Midway Airport |
10,326 | 1,189 | 8,718 | 20 | 1,189 | 8,738 | 9,927 | 1,236 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Midway Airport |
12,892 | 1,874 | 13,742 | 232 | 1,874 | 13,974 | 15,848 | 1,590 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Homewood Suites Brandon |
9,410 | 1,377 | 10,099 | | 1,377 | 10,099 | 11,476 | 778 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington |
13,801 | | 18,945 | | | 18,945 | 18,945 | 948 | 2009 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
TGIFriday's |
2,403 | 829 | 6,139 | 148 | 829 | 6,287 | 7,116 | 694 | 2006 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Marriott LaGuardia |
58,000 | 4,860 | 27,540 | 14 | 4,860 | 27,554 | 32,414 | 4,976 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn St. George |
10,818 | 1,822 | 13,363 | 17 | 1,822 | 13,380 | 15,202 | 1,226 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Bakersfield |
9,975 | 1,560 | 8,838 | | 1,560 | 8,838 | 10,398 | 1,027 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
SpringHill Suites Gainesville |
12,350 | 4,018 | 12,118 | | 4,018 | 12,118 | 16,136 | 1,055 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hampton Inn & Suites Clearwater |
10,334 | 1,106 | 12,721 | | 1,106 | 12,721 | 13,827 | 1,093 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hampton Inn Garden City |
22,934 | 5,691 | 22,764 | 10 | 5,691 | 22,774 | 28,465 | 1,991 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hampton Inn & Suites Las Vegas / Summerlin |
11,078 | 2,341 | 4,609 | 6 | 2,341 | 4,615 | 6,956 | 527 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Courtyard Houston Galleria |
18,589 | 3,069 | 22,508 | 8 | 3,069 | 22,516 | 25,585 | 1,923 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hampton Inn Fort Walton Beach |
11,357 | 8,774 | 6,109 | 96 | 8,774 | 6,205 | 14,979 | 499 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton Mystic |
13,339 | 6,092 | 9,111 | 119 | 6,092 | 9,230 | 15,322 | 722 | 2007 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Embassy Suites Downey |
23,967 | 4,857 | 29,943 | 1,317 | 4,857 | 31,260 | 36,117 | 2,257 | 2008 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Summerfield Suites Colorado Springs |
8,900 | 1,453 | 8,234 | | 1,453 | 8,234 | 9,687 | 514 | 2008 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Summerfield Suites Austin |
13,650 | 2,813 | 15,940 | 54 | 2,813 | 15,994 | 18,807 | 998 | 2008 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Summerfield Suites Lincoln Park |
20,280 | 3,169 | 17,958 | 20 | 3,169 | 17,978 | 21,147 | 1,123 | 2008 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Summerfield Suites Dallas Uptown |
15,600 | 2,241 | 12,698 | | 2,241 | 12,698 | 14,939 | 793 | 2008 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Summerfield Suites Richardson |
10,112 | 1,445 | 8,186 | | 1,445 | 8,186 | 9,631 | 511 | 2008 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Summerfield Suites Houston Galleria |
16,458 | 2,976 | 16,866 | 83 | 2,976 | 16,949 | 19,925 | 1,057 | 2008 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn New York/West 35th Street |
60,000 | 24,244 | 96,978 | 17 | 24,244 | 96,995 | 121,239 | 4,647 | 2009 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Embassy Suite Tampa Downtown Convention Center |
40,000 | 2,161 | 71,017 | 1 | 2,161 | 71,018 | 73,179 | 1,175 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Red Roof Inn DC |
| 16,214 | 22,265 | 11 | 16,214 | 22,276 | 38,490 | 496 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Embassy Suites Fort Myers Estero |
| 2,816 | 7,862 | | 2,816 | 7,862 | 10,678 | 141 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Homewood Suites Washington DC |
31,000 | 23,139 | 34,188 | | 23,139 | 34,188 | 57,327 | 605 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Fashion 26 |
| 35,592 | 82,392 | | 35,592 | 82,392 | 117,984 | 787 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hampton Inn & Suites Denver Tech Center |
| 2,373 | 9,180 | | 2,373 | 9,180 | 11,553 | 68 | 2010 | 40 |
F-59
THE RLJ PREDECESSOR
Schedule IIIReal Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2010 (Continued)
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
Initial Costs | |
Gross Amount at December 31, 2010 | |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Description
|
Debt | Land | Building & Improvements |
Subsequent Costs Capitalized |
Land | Buildings & Improvements |
Total | Accumulated Depreciation |
Date Acquired |
Depreciation Life |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Garden District |
| 1,901 | 3,865 | | 1,901 | 3,865 | 5,766 | | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Columbia |
| 1,993 | 11,487 | | 1,993 | 11,487 | 13,480 | 49 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn National Harbor |
| 7,457 | 37,046 | | 7,457 | 37,046 | 44,503 | 167 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Residence Inn Silver Spring |
| 3,945 | 18,896 | | 3,945 | 18,896 | 22,841 | 87 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn New Orleans Convention Center |
| 3,405 | 20,750 | | 3,405 | 20,750 | 24,155 | 83 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hampton Inn West Palm Beach Central Airport |
| 2,280 | 9,769 | | 2,280 | 9,769 | 12,049 | 35 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hilton Garden Inn West Palm Beach Central Airport |
| 1,206 | 10,811 | | 1,206 | 10,811 | 12,017 | 36 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Hollywood Heights Hotel |
| 5,303 | 19,136 | | 5,303 | 19,136 | 24,439 | 38 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City |
200,000 | 140,273 | 188,072 | | 140,273 | 188,072 | 328,345 | 553 | 2010 | 40 | |||||||||||||||||||||
|
$ | 1,747,077 | $ | 487,971 | $ | 2,171,033 | $ | 17,180 | $ | 487,971 | $ | 2,188,213 | $ | 2,676,184 | $ | 175,432 | |||||||||||||||
F-60
Until , 2011 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in our common shares, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers' obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
Shares
RLJ Lodging Trust
Common Stock
PROSPECTUS
BofA Merrill Lynch
Barclays Capital
Wells Fargo Securities
, 2011
PART II. INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 31. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses of the sale and distribution of the securities being registered, all of which are being borne by us. All amounts shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee and the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, filing fee.
SEC registration fee |
$ | 63,855 | |||
FINRA filing fee |
$ | 50,500 | |||
NYSE listing fee |
* | ||||
Printing and engraving fees |
* | ||||
Legal fees and expenses |
* | ||||
Accounting fees and expenses |
* | ||||
Transfer agent and registrar fees |
* | ||||
Miscellaneous Expenses |
$ | * | |||
Total |
$ | * | |||
Item 32. Sales to Special Parties.
None.
Item 33. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
In connection with our formation and initial capitalization, on January 31, 2011, we issued 500 common shares to our Executive Chairman, Robert L. Johnson, and 500 common shares to our Chief Executive Officer and President, Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr., for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000. These shares were issued in reliance on the exemption set forth in Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. Upon completion of this offering, we will repurchase these shares from Messrs. Johnson and Baltimore for an aggregate of $1,000.
In connection with our formation transactions, an aggregate of common shares with an initial aggregate value of $ million (based on the midpoint of the price range set forth on the cover page of the prospectus that forms a part of this registration statement) will be issued to certain persons transferring interests and other assets to us in consideration of the transfer of such interests and assets. All such persons had a substantive, pre-existing relationship with us and made irrevocable elections to receive such securities in our formation transactions prior to the filing of this registration statement with the SEC. All of such persons are "accredited investors" as defined under Regulation D of the Securities Act. The issuance of such shares will be effected in reliance upon exemptions from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act.
Item 34. Indemnification of Trustees and Officers.
The Maryland REIT law permits a Maryland real estate investment trust to include in its declaration of trust a provision limiting the liability of its trustees and officers to the trust and its shareholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action. Our declaration of trust will contain such a provision that eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
II-1
The Maryland REIT law permits a Maryland real estate investment trust to indemnify and advance expenses to its trustees, officers, employees and agents to the same extent as permitted by the MGCL for directors and officers of a Maryland corporation. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or are threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify a director or officer for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or if the trustee or officer was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses.
In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation's receipt of:
Our declaration of trust and bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:
Our declaration of trust and bylaws also permit us, with the approval of our board of trustees, to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of our company or a predecessor of our company.
In addition, upon completion of this offering, we intend to enter into indemnification agreements with each of our trustees and executive officers that provide for indemnification to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of trustees, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that, in the opinion
II-2
of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.
Item 35. Treatment of Proceeds from Shares Being Registered.
None.
Item 36. Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(a) Financial Statements.
See page F-1 for an index of the financial statements included in this Registration Statement on Form S-11.
(b) Exhibits.
The list of exhibits following the signature page of this Registration Statement on Form S-11 is incorporated herein by reference.
(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the purchase agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
(b) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
(c) The undersigned registrant hereby further undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
II-3
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Bethesda, State of Maryland on March 15, 2011.
RLJ LODGING TRUST | ||||
By: |
/s/ THOMAS J. BALTIMORE, JR. Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. Chief Executive Officer and President |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following person in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signature
|
Title
|
Date
|
||
---|---|---|---|---|
* Robert L. Johnson |
Executive Chairman and Trustee | March 15, 2011 | ||
/s/ THOMAS J. BALTIMORE, JR. Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
Chief Executive Officer, President and Trustee (principal executive officer) |
March 15, 2011 |
||
/s/ LESLIE D. HALE Leslie D. Hale |
Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) |
March 15, 2011 |
*By: | /s/ THOMAS J. BALTIMORE, JR. Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. Attorney-in-Fact |
II-4
Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | ||
---|---|---|---|
1.1 | * | Form of Purchase Agreement | |
2.1 | Merger Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2011, by and among RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P., RLJ Lodging Fund II (PF #1), L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust and RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC | ||
2.2 | Merger Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2011, by and among RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P., RLJ Real Estate Fund III (PF #1), L.P., RLJ Lodging Trust and RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC | ||
2.3 | Contribution Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2011, by and among RLJ Lodging Trust and RLJ Development, LLC | ||
3.1 | * | Articles of Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust of RLJ Lodging Trust | |
3.2 | * | Amended and Restated Bylaws of RLJ Lodging Trust | |
4.1 | * | Form of Specimen Common Share Certificate | |
4.2 | * | Form of Registration Rights Agreement by and among RLJ Lodging Trust and the persons listed on Schedule I thereto | |
4.3 | * | Form of Registration Rights Agreement by and among RLJ Lodging Trust and the persons listed on Schedule I thereto | |
5.1 | * | Opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP regarding the validity of the securities being registered | |
8.1 | * | Opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP regarding tax matters | |
10.1 | * | Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P. | |
10.2 | * | RLJ Lodging Trust 2011 Equity Incentive Plan | |
10.3 | * | Form of Restricted Share Agreement | |
10.4 | * | Form of Share Option Agreement | |
10.5 | * | Form of Restricted Share Units Agreement | |
10.6 | * | Form of Indemnification Agreement between RLJ Lodging Trust and each of its Executive Officers and Trustees | |
10.7 | * | Employment Agreement dated as of , 2011 between RLJ Lodging Trust and Robert L. Johnson | |
10.8 | * | Employment Agreement dated as of , 2011 between RLJ Lodging Trust and Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. | |
10.9 | * | Employment Agreement dated as of , 2011 between RLJ Lodging Trust and Leslie D. Hale | |
10.10 | * | Employment Agreement dated as of , 2011 between RLJ Lodging Trust and Ross H. Bierkan | |
10.11 | * | Form of the Wachovia Mortgage | |
10.12 | * | Form of the Wachovia Note | |
10.13 | * | Form of WLS Management Agreement | |
21.1 | * | List of Subsidiaries of RLJ Lodging Trust | |
23.1 | Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP | ||
23.2 | * | Consent of Hogan Lovells US LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1) | |
II-5
Exhibit Number | Exhibit Description | ||
---|---|---|---|
23.3 | * | Consent of Hogan Lovells US LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1) | |
24.1 | ** | Power of Attorney |
II-6
Exhibit 2.1
MERGER AGREEMENT
This MERGER AGREEMENT (including all exhibits and schedules hereto, this Agreement) is made and entered on February 1, 2011 by and among RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Main Fund), RLJ Lodging Fund II (PF #1), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Parallel Fund and, together with the Main Fund, the Funds and each individually, a Fund), RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (New REIT), and RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the General Partner).
RECITALS
A. All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in Exhibit A.
B. RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an Affiliate of the General Partner, is the general partner of (i) RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Other Main Fund), and (ii) RLJ Real Estate Fund III (PF #1), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Other Parallel Fund and, together with the Other Main Fund, the Other RLJ Funds). Each of the Funds and the Other RLJ Funds are sometimes individually referred to as an Aggregate Fund and collectively they are sometimes referred to as the Aggregate Funds.
C. (i) The Main Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Lodging II REIT, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Main Subsidiary REIT); (ii) the Parallel Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Lodging II REIT (PF #1), LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Parallel Subsidiary REIT); (iii) the Other Main Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Real Estate III REIT, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Other Main Subsidiary REIT); and (iv) the Other Parallel Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Real Estate III REIT (PF #1), LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Other Parallel Subsidiary REIT and, together with the Main Subsidiary REIT, the Other Main Subsidiary REIT and the Parallel Subsidiary REIT, the Old REITs).
D. Each of the Old REITs has elected to be taxed as a corporation and as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 856, et. seq. of the Code, and prior to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the New REIT will have elected to be taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.
E. The Consolidation Transactions relate to the proposed initial public offering (the IPO) of the New REIT Shares, following which New REIT will operate as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust under the applicable provisions of the Code.
F. In accordance with applicable state Law for each of the Funds, each Fund may be merged with another entity, subject to the requisite approvals as provided in applicable state Law and the Organizational Documents of each Fund.
G. The Aggregate Funds and RLJ Development, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (RLJ Development), have determined that it is in their respective best interests (i) that the Funds be merged with and into New REIT, with New REIT surviving the merger on the terms and subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth, and (ii) that (A) the Other RLJ Funds be merged with and into New REIT on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable merger agreement, with New REIT
surviving the merger and (B) RLJ Development transfer substantially all of its assets and liabilities to a subsidiary of New REIT, each on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable merger agreements or contribution agreement (each of the transactions described in (i) and (ii)(A) above, a Primary Fund Merger, the transaction described in (ii)(B) above, the RLJ Merger, and, collectively, the Primary Mergers).
H. Immediately following the Primary Mergers, and as an integrated step with the Primary Fund Mergers, New REIT shall cause each Old REIT to merge with and into New REIT, with New REIT surviving each of the mergers (each, a Secondary Merger and, collectively, the Secondary Mergers, and the Secondary Mergers together with the Primary Mergers, the Integrated Mergers). Each of the Preferred Units will be cancelled in exchange for cash in the Secondary Mergers, and all of the remaining limited liability company interests in the Old REITs held by the applicable Fund or Other RLJ Fund will be cancelled for no consideration.
I. The Aggregate Funds and RLJ Development intend that the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers constitute integrated steps in a single plan and that the Primary Fund Mergers and Secondary Mergers constitute a reorganization of each of the Old REITs under section 368(a)(1)(A) of the Code, coupled with a liquidation of each of the Aggregate Funds for federal income tax purposes.
J. Following the Integrated Mergers, New REIT will continue to conduct the business previously conducted by each of the Old REITs and RLJ Development.
K. The board of trustees of New REIT has determined that it is advisable and in the best interest of New REIT to proceed with the Integrated Mergers, and the board of trustees of New REIT has approved and authorized the Integrated Mergers, and has obtained any necessary shareholder approval, in accordance with Maryland REIT Law and New REITs declaration of trust.
L. The General Partner, as general partner of each Fund, has determined in accordance with the standard of conduct required of it under each Funds Organizational Documents to proceed with the Integrated Mergers on the terms described in this Agreement and has approved and authorized this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.
M. The sole manager of each of the Old REITs has determined in accordance with the standard of conduct required of it under such Old REITs Organizational Documents to proceed with the Integrated Mergers in accordance with the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and such Old REITs operating agreement and has approved and authorized the Secondary Mergers.
N. The Funds and the Other RLJ Funds have obtained the requisite approvals of their advisory boards and interest holders (and lenders, as applicable) to the Integrated Mergers and the applicable Consolidation Transaction Documentation.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual undertakings set forth below and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1.
THE PRIMARY MERGERS
Section 1.1 The Merger. At the Effective Time, and subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with applicable Laws, the Funds shall be merged with and into New REIT (the Merger), whereby the separate existence of the Funds shall cease, and New
REIT shall continue its existence under Maryland Law as the surviving entity (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the Surviving Entity).
Section 1.2 Effective Time. Subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement, after (i) the execution by New REIT of an underwriting agreement, by and among New REIT and certain underwriters set forth therein, pursuant to which New REIT will issue and sell shares in the IPO and (ii) the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article 9, but prior to the closing of the IPO, the parties hereto will cause to be executed and filed certificates or articles of merger or similar documents with respect to the Merger (the Certificates of Merger) as may be required by applicable Laws in each jurisdiction applicable to New REIT and the Funds. Each Certificate of Merger shall provide that the respective Primary Fund Merger shall become effective upon filing or at such later date and time set forth in such Certificate of Merger that is not more than thirty (30) days after the acceptance of the Certificate of Merger by the applicable authority for record, but in any event prior to the closing of the IPO (the Effective Time).
Section 1.3 Effect of the Merger. At the Effective Time, the effect of the Merger shall be as provided in this Agreement, the Certificates of Merger and applicable Laws.
Section 1.4 Organizational Documents. At the Effective Time, (i) New REITs declaration of trust, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time (the New REIT Charter), shall be the charter of the Surviving Entity until thereafter amended as provided therein or in accordance with the Maryland REIT Law, and (ii) the bylaws of New REIT, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Entity until thereafter amended as provided therein or in accordance with the Maryland REIT Law.
Section 1.5 Conversion of Interests.
(a) Subject to the terms and conditions contained herein, each Participant is irrevocably bound to accept and entitled to receive, as a result of and upon consummation of the Merger, New REIT Shares or cash pursuant to and as calculated in this Section 1.5.
(b) At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the parties hereto, each Participants Interests shall be converted automatically into shares of New REIT (each, a New REIT Share) or cash with a value equal to the proportionate value represented by such Participants Interests, calculated pursuant to Section 1.5(c) (individually and collectively referred to as the Merger Consideration), in each case, which the Company shall deliver to the Participants immediately upon Closing.
(c) Subject to the Sections 1.9 and 2.2(c), the number of New REIT Shares or amount of cash constituting the Merger Consideration to be paid to a Participant on account of all of such Participants Interests shall be calculated as follows:
(i) Each Limited Partner that is an Eligible Investor shall receive a number of New REIT Shares equal to taking (A) the product which results from (1) multiplying the Combined LP Share by (2) the Distributable Equity Value, and dividing it by (B) the IPO Price, and then multiplying the result by (C) the Individual LP Share, rounded down to the nearest whole share.
(ii) The General Partner shall receive a number of New REIT Shares equal to taking (A) the product which results from (1) multiplying the GP Share by (2) the Distributable Equity Value, and dividing it by (B) the IPO Price, rounded down to the nearest whole share.
(iii) Each Limited Partner that is not an Eligible Investor shall receive an amount of cash equal the product of (A) the Combined LP Share, multiplied by (B) the Distributable Equity Value, multiplied by (C) the Individual LP Share.
(d) No fractional New REIT Shares, or cash in lieu of fractional New REIT Shares, will be issued in the Primary Mergers.
Section 1.6 Cancellation and Retirement of the Interests. From and after the Effective Time, the Interests shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist, and each holder of Interests shall thereafter cease to have any rights as a partner of, or obligations to, either Fund, except the right to receive the Merger Consideration applicable thereto and any obligations expressly set forth herein.
Section 1.7 Calculation of Merger Consideration. As soon as practicable following the determination of the IPO Price and prior to the Effective Time, all calculations relating to the Merger Consideration shall be performed in good faith by, or under the direction of, New REIT, and, absent manifest error, shall be final and binding upon the Participants.
Section 1.8 Transaction Costs. If the Closing occurs, all transaction costs and expenses of New REIT and the RLJ Entities in connection with the Consolidation Transactions and the IPO, which include, but are not limited to, all fees of professionals and underwriting discounts and commissions (collectively, the Costs), will be borne among all Participants and holders of equity interests in the Other RLJ Funds and RLJ Development, pro rata according to consideration received in the applicable Primary Merger. If the Closing does not occur for any reason, the Aggregate Funds shall share, pro rata based on the total asset value of each Aggregate Fund as of January 21, 2011, the Costs. Upon termination of this Agreement, each Fund will pay to New REIT an amount equal to (a) the Costs, multiplied by (b) such Funds Cost Sharing Percentage.
Section 1.9 Holdback Fund. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, at the Effective Time, New REIT shall retain from the Merger Consideration and place into a segregated escrow fund to satisfy the indemnification obligations pursuant to Article 10, (a) from the General Partner and each Limited Partner receiving New REIT Shares in the Merger pursuant to Section 1.5(c)(i), a number of New REIT Shares, rounded down to the nearest whole share, equal to (i) the Holdback Percentage, times (ii) the number of New REIT Shares to be issued to such Person pursuant to Sections 1.5(c)(i) and 1.5(c)(ii) (all such shares, the Holdback Shares) and (b) from each Limited Partner receiving cash in the Merger pursuant to Section 1.5(c)(iii), an amount of cash equal to (i) the Holdback Percentage, times (ii) the aggregate amount of cash to be issued to such Limited Partner pursuant to Section 1.5(c)(iii) (all such, the Holdback Cash and, together with the Holdback Shares, the Holdback Fund).
ARTICLE 2.
CLOSING; TERM OF AGREEMENT
Section 2.1 Closing. Unless this Agreement shall have been terminated pursuant to Section 2.5, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions in Article 9, the Effective Time and the closing of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall occur concurrently with or immediately prior to the IPO (the Closing or the Closing Date). The Closing shall take place at the offices of Hogan Lovells US LLP, located at Columbia Square, 555 Thirteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC or such other place as determined by New REIT in its sole discretion. The Closing and the closing of the IPO shall be deemed concurrent for all purposes.
Section 2.2 Payment of Merger Consideration.
(a) As soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time, the Surviving Entity shall deliver to each Participant the Merger Consideration payable to such Person, subject to Section 1.9, in the amounts and form provided in Section 1.5 hereof.
(b) Legend. Any certificate representing New REIT Shares issuable as Merger Consideration shall bear the following legend:
THE SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE SECURITIES ACT), OR UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND MAY NOT BE ENCUMBERED, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF WITHIN THE UNITED STATES EXCEPT PURSUANT TO THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM SUCH REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS AND, IN EACH CASE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS.
THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP, CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER. SUBJECT TO CERTAIN FURTHER RESTRICTIONS AND EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THE TRUSTS DECLARATION OF TRUST, (I) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN COMMON SHARES OF THE TRUST IN EXCESS OF 9.8% (IN VALUE OR NUMBER OF SHARES, WHICHEVER IS MORE RESTRICTIVE) OF THE OUTSTANDING COMMON SHARES OF THE TRUST; (II) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN PREFERRED SHARES OF THE TRUST IN EXCESS OF 9.8% (IN VALUE OR NUMBER OF SHARES, WHICHEVER IS MORE RESTRICTIVE) OF THE TOTAL OUTSTANDING PREFERRED SHARES OF THE TRUST OF SUCH CLASS OR SERIES; (III) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE TRUST BEING CLOSELY HELD UNDER SECTION 856(H) OF THE CODE OR OTHERWISE CAUSE THE TRUST TO FAIL TO QUALIFY AS A REIT; (IV) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE TRUST OWNING (DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY) AN INTEREST IN A TENANT THAT IS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 856(D)(2)(B) OF THE CODE IF THE INCOME DERIVED BY THE TRUST (EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY THROUGH ONE OR MORE PARTNERSHIPS OR LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES) FROM SUCH TENANT FOR THE TAXABLE YEAR OF THE TRUST DURING WHICH SUCH DETERMINATION IS BEING MADE WOULD REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO EQUAL OR EXCEED THE LESSER OF (I) ONE PERCENT (1%) OF THE TRUSTS GROSS INCOME (AS DETERMINED FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 856(C) OF THE CODE), OR (II) AN AMOUNT THAT WOULD CAUSE THE TRUST TO FAIL TO SATISFY ANY OF THE GROSS INCOME REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 856(C) OF THE CODE OR (B) ANY MANAGER OR OPERATOR OF A QUALIFIED LODGING FACILITY, WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 856(D)(9)(D) OF THE CODE, LEASED BY THE TRUST (OR ANY SUBSIDIARY OF THE TRUST) TO ONE OF ITS TAXABLE REIT SUBSIDIARIES WITH RESPECT TO THE TRUST FAILING TO QUALIFY AS AN ELIGIBLE INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR, WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 856(D)(9)(A) OF THE CODE, IN EITHER CASE IF THE INCOME DERIVED BY THE TRUST FROM SUCH TENANT OR SUCH TAXABLE REIT SUBSIDIARY, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ANY OTHER INCOME OF THE TRUST THAT WOULD NOT QUALIFY UNDER THE GROSS INCOME REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 856(C) OF THE CODE, WOULD CAUSE THE TRUST TO FAIL TO SATISFY ANY OF SUCH GROSS INCOME REQUIREMENTS; AND (V) NO PERSON MAY TRANSFER SHARES OF THE TRUST IF
SUCH TRANSFER WOULD RESULT IN SHARES OF THE TRUST BEING OWNED BY FEWER THAN 100 PERSONS (AS DETERMINED UNDER THE PRINCIPLES OF SECTION 856(A)(5) OF THE CODE). ANY PERSON WHO BENEFICIALLY OWNS OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWNS, TRANSFERS OR ATTEMPTS TO BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST WHICH CAUSES OR WILL CAUSE A PERSON TO BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST IN EXCESS OR IN VIOLATION OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MUST IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY THE TRUST. IF CERTAIN OF THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OR OWNERSHIP ABOVE ARE VIOLATED, THE SHARES OF THE TRUST REPRESENTED HEREBY WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY TRANSFERRED TO A CHARITABLE TRUSTEE OF A CHARITABLE TRUST FOR THE BENEFIT OF ONE OR MORE CHARITABLE BENEFICIARIES. IN ADDITION, THE TRUST MAY TAKE OTHER ACTIONS, INCLUDING REDEEMING SHARES UPON THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SPECIFIED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES IN ITS SOLE AND ABSOLUTE DISCRETION IF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES DETERMINES THAT OWNERSHIP OR A TRANSFER OR OTHER EVENT MAY VIOLATE THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE. FURTHERMORE, UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF CERTAIN EVENTS, ATTEMPTED TRANSFERS IN VIOLATION OF THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE MAY BE VOID AB INITIO. A PERSON WHO ATTEMPTS TO BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES IN VIOLATION OF THE OWNERSHIP LIMITATIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE SHALL HAVE NO CLAIM, CAUSE OF ACTION OR ANY RECOURSE WHATSOEVER AGAINST A TRANSFEROR OF SUCH SHARES. ALL CAPITALIZED TERMS IN THIS LEGEND HAVE THE MEANINGS DEFINED IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST OF THE TRUST, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, A COPY OF WHICH, INCLUDING THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP, WILL BE FURNISHED TO EACH HOLDER OF SHARES OF THE TRUST ON REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE. REQUESTS FOR SUCH A COPY MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE SECRETARY OF THE TRUST AT ITS PRINCIPAL OFFICE.
(c) Abandoned Property. The Surviving Entity shall not be liable to any Participant for any portion of the Merger Consideration delivered to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar Law.
Section 2.3 Tax Withholding. New REIT shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration payable pursuant to this Agreement to any Participant such amounts required to be deducted and withheld with respect to the making of such payment under the Code or any provision of state, local or foreign tax Law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the Interest in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made.
Section 2.4 Further Action. If, at any time after the Effective Time, the Surviving Entity shall determine or be advised that any deeds, bills of sale, assignments, assurances or any other actions or things are necessary or desirable to vest, perfect or confirm of record or otherwise in the Surviving Entity the right, title or interest in, to or under any of the rights, properties or assets of the Aggregate Funds acquired or to be acquired by the Surviving Entity as a result of, or in connection with, the Primary Mergers or otherwise to carry out this Agreement, the Surviving Entity, as successor by merger, shall be authorized to execute and deliver, in the name and on behalf of any Aggregate Fund or otherwise, all such deeds, bills of sale, assignments and assurances and to take and do, in the name and on behalf of any Aggregate Fund or otherwise, all such other actions and things as may be necessary or desirable to vest, perfect or confirm any and all right, title and interest in, to and under such rights, properties or assets in the Surviving Entity or otherwise to carry out this Agreement.
Section 2.5 Term of the Agreement. This Agreement shall terminate automatically if the Primary Mergers shall not have been consummated on or prior to September 30, 2011.
Section 2.6 Effect of Termination. If this Agreement is terminated for any reason prior to the Effective Time, the Primary Mergers shall not be consummated and all obligations on the part of each party under this Agreement shall terminate, except that the obligations set forth in Section 1.8 and this Section 2.6 shall survive, and no party shall have any liability to any party with respect to any claim arising out of this Agreement.
ARTICLE 3.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF NEW REIT
Except as set forth in the registration statement on form S-11 of New REIT for the IPO (the Registration Statement), New REIT hereby represents and warrants to the Funds as follows:
Section 3.1 Organization; Authority. New REIT has been duly formed and is validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Maryland and has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and to own, lease or operate its property and to carry on its business as presently conducted and, to the extent required under applicable Law, is qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the character of its property make such qualification necessary, other than such failures to be so qualified as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.2 Due Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation (including each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of New REIT pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) by New REIT will have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary actions required of New REIT prior to the Closing. This Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of New REIT pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation constitutes, or when executed and delivered will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of New REIT, enforceable against New REIT in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
Section 3.3 Consents and Approvals. Except for the filing of the Certificates of Merger in accordance with Section 1.2 hereof or in connection with the IPO and the consummation of the other Consolidation Transactions, no consent, waiver, approval, authorization, order, license, permit or registration of, qualification, designation, declaration or filing with, any Person or Governmental Authority or under any applicable Laws is required to be obtained by New REIT in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for those consents, waivers, approvals, authorizations, orders, licenses, permits, registrations, qualifications, designations, declarations or filings, the failure of which to obtain or to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.4 No Violation. None of the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation, any agreement contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement does or will, with or without the giving of notice, lapse of time, or both, violate, conflict
with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under or give to others any right of termination, acceleration, cancellation or other right under, (a) New REITs Organizational Documents, (b) any agreement, document or instrument to which New REIT or any of its assets are bound or (c) any term or provision of any judgment, order, writ, injunction, or decree binding on New REIT, except for, in the case of clause (b) or (c), any such breaches or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.5 Validity of New REIT Shares. New REIT Shares to be issued pursuant to this Agreement will have been duly authorized by New REIT and, when issued against the consideration therefor, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens created by the by New REIT.
Section 3.6 New REIT Charter. Attached as Exhibit B hereto is a true and correct copy in all material respects of the New REIT Charter that will be in effect as of the Closing.
Section 3.7 Limited Activities. Except for activities in connection with the IPO, the Consolidation Transactions or in the ordinary course of business, New REIT has not engaged in any material business or incurred any material obligations.
Section 3.8 Litigation. There is no action, suit or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of New REIT, threatened against New REIT, that challenge or would reasonably be expected to impair the ability of New REIT to execute or deliver, or materially perform its obligations under this Agreement and the documents executed by it pursuant to this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
ARTICLE 4.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE GENERAL PARTNER
Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Partner hereby represents and warrants to the New REIT as follows:
Section 4.1 Organization; Authority. The General Partner has been duly formed and is validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Delaware and has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation to which it is a party.
Section 4.2 Due Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation (including each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of the General Partner pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) by the General Partner will have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary actions required of the General Partner prior to the Closing. This Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of the General Partner pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation constitutes, or when executed and delivered will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of the General Partner, enforceable against the General Partner in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
Section 4.3 Consents and Approvals. Except for the filing of the Certificates of Merger in accordance with Section 1.2 hereof or in connection with the IPO and the consummation of the other Consolidation Transactions, no consent, waiver, approval, authorization, order, license, permit or
registration of, qualification, designation, declaration or filing with, any Person or Governmental Authority or under any applicable Laws is required to be obtained by the General Partner in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for those consents, waivers, approvals, authorizations, orders, licenses, permits, registrations, qualifications, designations, declarations or filings, the failure of which to obtain or to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to materially affect the General Partners ability to perform its obligations hereunder.
Section 4.4 No Violation. None of the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation, any agreement contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement does or will, with or without the giving of notice, lapse of time, or both, violate, conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under or give to others any right of termination, acceleration, cancellation or other right under, (a) the General Partners Organizational Documents or (b) any term or provision of any judgment, order, writ, injunction, or decree binding on the General Partner, except for, in each case, as would not reasonably be expected to materially affect the General Partners ability to perform its obligations hereunder.
Section 4.5 Litigation. There is no action, suit or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of the General Partner, threatened against the General Partner, that challenge or would reasonably be expected to impair the ability of the General Partner to execute or deliver, or materially perform its obligations under this Agreement and the documents executed by it pursuant to this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
ARTICLE 5.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE FUNDS
Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Schedules hereto, the Funds hereby jointly and severally represent and warrant to the New REIT as follows:
Section 5.1 Organization; Authority. The Funds have been duly organized and are validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Delaware and have all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement, each agreement contemplated hereby and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation to which such Fund is a party (including any agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of such Fund pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) and to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and to own, lease and/or operate any Property owned, leased or operated by it and to carry on its business as presently conducted. The Funds, to the extent required under applicable Laws, are qualified to do business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of such Funds business or the character of a Property make such qualification necessary, other than such failures to be so qualified as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.2 Subsidiaries. Schedule 5.2 sets forth as of the date hereof: (a) each Subsidiary of each Fund (each, a Fund Subsidiary), (b) the ownership interest therein of each Fund, (c) if not wholly owned by the Funds, the identity and ownership interest of each of the other owners of such Subsidiary, and (d) each property owned or leased pursuant to a ground lease by the Funds or a Fund Subsidiary (each a Property). Each Fund Subsidiary has been duly organized and is validly existing and is in good standing under the Laws of its jurisdiction of organization, and has all requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its Property and to carry on its business as presently conducted. Each Fund Subsidiary, to the extent required under applicable Laws, is qualified to do business and is in good
standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the character of its Property make such qualification necessary, other than such failures to be so qualified as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.3 Due Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by the Funds of this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation (including any agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Funds pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) to which it is a party have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary actions required of the Funds. This Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Funds pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation constitutes, or when executed and delivered will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Funds, each enforceable against the Funds in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
Section 5.4 Capitalization. Schedule 5.4 sets forth as of the date hereof the ownership of the Funds. All of the issued and outstanding equity interests of the Funds and each of the Fund Subsidiaries are duly authorized and validly issued; and, to the Knowledge of the Funds, are not subject to preemptive rights or appraisal, dissenters or other similar rights under the Organizational Documents of either Fund or any contract to which either Fund is a party or otherwise bound, except for such preemptive rights or appraisal, dissenters or other similar rights as would not prevent the Primary Mergers. As of the Closing, there will be no outstanding rights to purchase, subscriptions, warrants, options or any other security convertible into or exchangeable for equity interests in the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries.
Section 5.5 Consents and Approvals. Except as set forth on Schedule 5.5 and except as shall have been obtained or satisfied on or prior to the Closing Date, no consent, waiver, approval, authorization, order, license, permit or registration of, qualification, designation, declaration or filing with, any Person or any Governmental Authority or under any applicable Laws is required to be obtained by the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation to which the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries is a party and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for those consents, waivers, approvals, authorizations, orders, licenses, permits, registrations, qualifications, designations, declarations or filings, the failure of which to obtain or to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.6 No Violation. None of the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, any agreement contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby will, with or without the giving of notice, lapse of time, or both, violate, conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under or give to others any right of termination, acceleration, cancellation or other right under, (a) the Organizational Documents of the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries or (b) except as set forth on Schedule 5.5, any agreement, document or instrument to which the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries or any of their respective assets or properties are bound or (c) any term or provision of any judgment, order, writ, injunction, or decree binding on the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries, except for, in the case of clause (b) or (c), any such breaches or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.7 Licenses and Permits. To the Knowledge of the Funds, all notices, licenses, permits, certificates and authorizations required for the continued use, occupancy, management, leasing and operation of the Properties have been obtained or can be obtained without material cost, are in full force and effect, are in good standing and (to the extent required in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Consolidation Transaction Documentation) are assignable to the New REIT, except
in each case for items that, if not so obtained, obtainable and/or transferred, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect. To the Knowledge of the Funds, neither Fund, nor any Fund Subsidiary, nor any third party, has taken any action that (or failed to take any action, the omission of which) would result in the revocation of any such notice, license, permit, certificate or authorization where such revocation or revocations would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, nor has any one of them received any written notice of violation from any Governmental Authority or written notice of the intention of any entity to revoke any such notice, license, permit, certificate or authorization, that in each case has not been cured or otherwise resolved to the satisfaction of such Governmental Authority or other entity and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.8 Compliance with Laws. To the Knowledge of the Funds, the Funds and the Fund Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in compliance with all applicable Laws, except for such failures that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Funds nor the Fund Subsidiaries have been informed in writing of any continuing violation of any such Laws or that any investigation has been commenced and is continuing or is contemplated respecting any such possible violation, except in each case for violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.9 Properties.
(a) The Fund or a Fund Subsidiary is the insured under a policy of title insurance as the owner of, and, to the Knowledge of the Funds, the Funds or a Fund Subsidiary is the owner of, the fee simple estate (or, in the case of certain Properties, the leasehold estate or tenancy-in-common estate), together with all easements and other appurtenances necessary for the use and operation of the Property, to each Property set forth on Schedule 5.9(a), in each case free and clear of all Liens except for Permitted Liens.
(b) Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, to the Knowledge of the Funds, (i) neither Fund, nor any Fund Subsidiary, nor any other party to any material agreement, including any mortgage, deed of trust, ground lease, and tenancy-in-common agreements, affecting any Property (other than a Hotel Lease (as hereinafter defined)), is in breach or default of any such agreement, (ii) no event has occurred or has been threatened in writing, which with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would, individually or together with all such other events, constitute a default under any such agreement, or would, individually or together with all such other events, reasonably be expected to cause the acceleration of any material obligation of any party thereto or the creation of a Lien upon any asset of a Fund or any Fund Subsidiary, except for Permitted Liens, and (iii) all agreements affecting any Property required for the continued use, occupancy, management, leasing and operation of such Property (other than Hotel Leases) are valid and binding and in full force and effect, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
(c) To the Knowledge of the Funds, as presently operated, none of the operation of the buildings, fixtures and other improvements comprising a part of the Properties (including parking lots and garages) is in violation of any applicable federal, state or local building code, fire, health and safety code, zoning ordinance or other land use Law, including the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (43 U.S.C.A. §§ 12-101 et. seq.), except for such violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, to the Knowledge of the Funds, (i) each of the leases (and all amendments thereto or modifications thereof) between the Fund Subsidiaries relating to the operation of the improvements on each Property (collectively, the Hotel Leases) is valid and binding and in full force and effect, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity, (ii) neither Fund, nor any Fund Subsidiary, nor any other party to any Hotel Lease, is in breach or default of any Hotel Lease, and (iii) no event has occurred or has been threatened in writing, which with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would, individually or together with all such other events, constitute a default under any Hotel Lease or would permit termination, modification or acceleration under such Hotel Lease.
Section 5.10 Insurance. The Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries have in place the public liability, casualty and other insurance coverage with respect to each Property as required under the Hotel Leases, Franchise Agreements and all other agreements related to the use and operation of each Property, including flood insurance where applicable, and as the Funds reasonably deem necessary. Each of the insurance policies with respect to each Property is in full force and effect in all material respects and all premiums due and payable thereunder have been fully paid when due. To the Knowledge of the Funds, neither Fund nor the Fund Subsidiaries have received from any insurance company any notices of cancellation or intent to cancel any insurance.
Section 5.11 Environmental Matters. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, to the Knowledge of the Funds, (a) the Funds and the Fund Subsidiaries are in compliance with all Environmental Laws, (b) neither Fund nor any Fund Subsidiary has received any written notice from any Governmental Authority or third party alleging that either Funds, any Fund Subsidiary or any Property is not in compliance with applicable Environmental Laws, and (c) no hazardous substance has been released, buried, dumped, placed or disposed on, in or under, or is migrating onto any of the Properties that is not in accordance with all Environmental Laws or would require investigation or remediation under applicable Environmental Laws. The representations and warranties contained in this Section 5.11 constitute the sole and exclusive representations and warranties made by the Funds concerning environmental matters.
Section 5.12 Eminent Domain. There is no existing or, to the Knowledge of the Funds, proposed or threatened condemnation, eminent domain or similar proceeding, or private purchase in lieu of such a proceeding, which would affect any of the Properties, except for such proceedings that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.13 Franchise Agreements; Management Agreements. The franchise agreements set forth on Schedule 5.13(a) (the Franchise Agreements) are the only hotel franchise agreements in effect for any Property. The property management agreements set forth on Schedule 5.13(b) (the Property Management Agreements) are the only property management agreements in effect for any Property. To Knowledge of the Funds, no party to any Franchise Agreement or any Property Management Agreement is in breach or default of any such agreement, except for such breach or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.14 Taxes.
(a) The Funds and each Fund Subsidiary have timely and properly filed all Tax returns and reports required to be filed by it (after giving effect to any filing extension properly granted by a Governmental Authority having authority to do so), and all such returns and reports are accurate and complete in all material respects, and has paid (or had paid on its behalf) all Taxes as required to be paid by it. No income or material non-income Tax returns filed by the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries are the
subject of a pending or ongoing audit. Except as would not have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, no deficiencies for any Taxes have been proposed, asserted or assessed against the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries, and no requests for waivers of the time to assess any such Taxes are pending. Each Fund is and has always been treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.
(b) Each of the Main Subsidiary REIT and the Parallel Subsidiary REIT (i) for the taxable years commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2006 through its taxable year ended December 31, 2010 was subject to taxation as a real estate investment trust (a REIT) within the meaning of Sections 856-860 of the Code and has satisfied all requirements to qualify as a REIT for such years, and (ii) has operated since December 31, 2010 to the date hereof, and intends to continue to operate until the Closing, in such a manner as would permit it to continue to qualify as a REIT for the taxable year of this Agreement.
Section 5.15 Litigation. Except for actions, suits or proceedings covered by policies of insurance (other than with respect to a deductible or self-insured retention), there is no action, suit or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of the Funds, threatened against either Fund or any Fund Subsidiary which, if adversely determined, would reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect. There is no action, suit, or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of the Funds, threatened against either Fund or any Fund Subsidiary which challenges or impairs the ability of the Funds to execute or deliver, or materially perform their obligations under this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation or to consummate the transactions hereby or thereby, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.16 No Insolvency Proceedings. No bankruptcy or similar insolvency proceeding has been filed, or is currently contemplated, with respect to either Fund or any Fund Subsidiary.
ARTICLE 6.
NATURE OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.
Section 6.1 No Implied Representations or Warranties.
(a) Other than the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Article 3, New REIT is not making, and is expressly disclaiming, all other representations and warranties in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
(b) Other than the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Article 4, the General Partner is not making, and is expressly disclaiming, all other representations and warranties in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
(c) Other than the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Article 5, the Funds are not making, and are expressly disclaiming, all other representations and warranties in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 6.2 Survival of Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties set forth in (a) Articles 3 and 4 shall terminate immediately upon the Closing and (b) Article 5 shall terminate on the first anniversary of the Closing.
ARTICLE 7.
COVENANTS
Section 7.1 Affirmative Covenants. From the date hereof through the Closing Date, and except in connection with the Consolidation Transactions, the Funds shall use commercially reasonable efforts to preserve intact their and the Fund Subsidiaries current business organizations and preserve its relationships with customers, suppliers, advertisers and others having business dealings with it, in each case consistent with past practice. In connection with the foregoing, the Funds shall, and shall cause each of the Fund Subsidiaries to, unless required by Law or necessary (a) to preserve either of the Old REITs status as a REIT, or (b) to qualify or preserve the status of any other Fund Subsidiary as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, as a qualified REIT subsidiary under Section 856(i) of the Code, or as a taxable REIT subsidiary under Section 856(l) of the Code, as the case may be (in which event the applicable Old REIT or the applicable other Fund Subsidiary shall not fail to make such election in a timely manner), neither (x) make or rescind any express or deemed election relative to Taxes, nor (y) change any of its methods of reporting income or deductions for federal income Tax purposes from those employed in the preparation of its income Tax returns that have been filed for prior taxable years.
Section 7.2 Negative Covenants of the Funds. From the date hereof through the Closing Date, and except in connection with the Consolidation Transactions, the Funds shall not, nor shall they permit any Fund Subsidiary to, in each case without the prior written consent of New REIT:
(a) (i) declare, set aside or pay any distributions in respect of any of the Interests, other than (x) distributions at the stated dividend or distribution rates with respect to the Preferred Units and (y) distributions required for the Main Subsidiary REIT and the Parallel Subsidiary REIT to maintain status as a REIT under the Code, to avoid the incurrence of any taxes under Section 857 of the Code and to avoid the imposition of any excise taxes under Section 4981 of the Code, (ii) issue or authorize the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for any Interests or make any other changes to the equity capital structure of either Fund or any Fund Subsidiary, or (iii) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Interests or equity ownership interests of any of the Fund Subsidiaries;
(b) issue, deliver, sell, pledge or otherwise encumber any equity interests in any of the Fund Subsidiaries;
(c) amend its Organizational Documents;
(d) adopt a plan of liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or reorganization;
(e) materially alter the manner of keeping the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries books, accounts or records or the accounting practices therein reflected; or
(f) authorize, commit or agree to take any of the foregoing actions.
Section 7.3 Commercially Reasonable Efforts. New REIT, the General Partner and each Fund shall use commercially reasonable efforts and cooperate with each other in (i) promptly determining whether any filings are required to be made or consents, approvals, waivers, permits or authorizations are required to be obtained (under any applicable Law or regulation or from any Governmental Authority or third party) in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and (ii) promptly making (or causing to be made) any such filings, in furnishing information required in connection therewith and in timely seeking to obtain any such consents, approvals, waivers, permits and authorizations.
ARTICLE 8.
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
Section 8.1 Tax Matters.
(a) New REIT shall on its first federal income Tax return elect to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes effective for its short taxable year commencing with the effective date of its election to be taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and ending on December 31, 2011.
(b) Each Fund shall and, where applicable, the Funds shall cause the Fund Subsidiaries to, timely file or cause to be timely filed when due all Tax returns required to be filed by or with respect to such Person on or prior to the Closing Date and shall pay or cause to be paid all Taxes shown due thereon. All such Tax returns (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any amended Tax returns) shall be prepared in a manner consistent with past practice, except as otherwise required by applicable Law.
(c) New REIT shall prepare or cause to be prepared and file or cause to be filed all Tax returns of each Fund and each Fund Subsidiary that are due after the Closing Date. All such Tax returns (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any amended Tax returns) shall be prepared in a manner consistent with past practice, except as otherwise required by applicable Law.
(d) New REIT and each Fund will each use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers to qualify, and will use its reasonable best efforts not to, and not to permit or cause any of their respective Subsidiaries to, take any action that could reasonably be expected to prevent or impede the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Fund Mergers from qualifying as a reorganization of each of the Old REITs within the meaning of Section 368 of the Code, coupled with a liquidation of each of the Aggregate Funds for federal income tax purposes.
(e) Unless otherwise required pursuant to a determination within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of the Code, New REIT, each Fund and each Old REIT shall report the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers as a reorganization of each of the Old REITs within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(A) of the Code for federal income tax purposes, coupled with a liquidation of each of the Funds for federal income tax purposes.
(f) Following the Primary Fund Mergers and Secondary Mergers, New REIT will comply with the record-keeping and information filing requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.368-3.
Section 8.2 Withholding Certificate. Prior to Closing, each Fund shall deliver to New REIT such forms and certificates, duly executed and acknowledged, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to New REIT (including any relevant forms or certificates provided to the Funds by the holders of Interests),certifying that the payment of consideration in respect of such Fund pursuant to the Primary Fund Mergers is exempt from withholding under Section 1445 of the Code and any similar withholding rules under applicable state, local or foreign Tax Laws.
ARTICLE 9.
CONDITIONS TO CLOSING
Section 9.1 Conditions to New REITs and the Funds Obligations to Close. The obligations of New REIT and the Funds to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to the
fulfillment of the following conditions at or prior to the Closing (unless waived in whole or in part by New REIT or the Funds, respectively, in their respective sole discretion):
(a) No order, statute, rule, regulation, executive order, injunction, stay, decree or restraining order shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or enforced by any court of competent jurisdiction or other Governmental Authority that prohibits the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, and no action, suit or proceeding seeking such an order shall be pending or threatened;
(b) Each of the consents identified on Schedule 9.1(b) shall have been obtained and shall be in full force and effect;
(c) The Registration Statement shall have become effective under the Securities Act, and shall not be the subject of any stop order or other action, suit or proceeding by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC);
(d) Other than consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, all conditions precedent to (i) the closing of the IPO; (ii) the closing of the other Primary Mergers and (iii) the closing of the Secondary Mergers shall have been satisfied or irrevocably and unconditionally waived;
(e) New REIT shall have received (i) an opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to New REIT, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that, commencing with their taxable years ended December 31, 2006, (A) each of the Old REITs has been organized and has operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code, and (B) each of the Funds has been since its formation, and continues to be, treated for federal income tax purposes as a partnership and not as a corporation or association taxable as a corporation (with customary exceptions, assumptions and qualifications and based upon customary representations), and (ii) an opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to New REIT, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that New REIT has been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and New REITs current organization and proposed method of operation (as described in representations provided by New REIT), giving effect to the Integrated Mergers, will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for the portion of its taxable year commencing at or about the time of Closing and ending December 31, 2011, and for future taxable years (with customary exceptions, assumptions and qualifications and based upon customary representations and based upon and subject to the opinion of counsel to the Funds described in clause (i) above); and
(f) New REIT shall have received an opinion from Hogan Lovells US LLP or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to New REIT, dated as of the Closing Date, based upon customary certificates and letters, which letters and certificates are to be in a form to be agreed upon by the parties and dated the Closing Date, to the effect that each of the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers should qualify as a reorganization under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Code.
Section 9.2 Conditions to New REITs Obligation to Close. The obligations of New REIT to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to the fulfillment of the following conditions at or prior to the Closing (unless waived in whole or in part by New REIT, in its sole and absolute discretion):
(a) There shall not have occurred between the date hereof and the Closing Date any Fund Material Adverse Effect or any Other Fund Material Adverse Effect;
(b) Except as would not have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, the representations and warranties contained in Articles 4 and 5 shall be true and correct as of the Closing as if made at that time (except to the extent that any representation or warranty speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation or warranty must have been true and correct only as of that date); and
(c) The obligations and covenants of the Funds and the General Partner contained in this Agreement to be performed on or prior to the Closing Date shall have been duly performed in all material respects on or prior to the Closing Date.
Section 9.3 Conditions to the Funds Obligation to Close. The obligations of the Funds to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to the fulfillment of the following conditions at or prior to the Closing (unless waived in whole or in part by both Funds, in their respective sole and absolute discretion):
(a) There shall not have occurred between the date hereof and the Closing Date any Other Fund Material Adverse Effect;
(b) Except as would not be reasonably likely to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect, the representations and warranties contained in Article 3 shall be true and correct as of the Closing as if made at that time (except to the extent that any representation or warranty speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation or warranty must have been true and correct only as of that date);
(c) The obligations and covenants of New REIT contained in this Agreement to be performed on or prior to the Closing Date shall have been duly performed in all material respects on or prior to the Closing Date; and
(d) Effective at least one Business Day prior to the Closing, New REIT shall have filed with the Internal Revenue Service an election to be taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.
ARTICLE 10.
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 10.1 Indemnification. From and after the Closing Date, New REIT and its directors, shareholders, officers, employees, partners, agents, representatives and Affiliates (each of which is a New REIT Indemnified Party) shall be entitled to recover from the Holdback Fund the amount of any and all charges, complaints, claims, actions, causes of action, losses, damages, liabilities and expenses of any nature whatsoever, including without limitation, amounts paid in settlement, reasonable attorneys fees, costs of investigation, costs of investigative judicial or administrative proceedings or appeals therefrom and costs of attachment or similar bonds (collectively, Losses) arising out of or relating to, asserted against, imposed upon or incurred by any New REIT Indemnified Party in connection with or as a result of any breach of a representation or warranty contained in Article 5 or breach of a covenant of the Funds, in each case, contained in this Agreement or in any schedule, exhibit, certificate or affidavit or any other document delivered pursuant to this Agreement (each, an Indemnity Claim).
Section 10.2 Claims.
(a) At the time when a New REIT Indemnified Party learns of any Indemnity Claim, New REIT will promptly give written notice (a Claim Notice) to the General Partner; provided that the failure to so notify shall not prevent recovery under this Agreement, except to the extent that any potential defense to such claim shall have been prejudiced by such failure. Each Claim Notice shall describe in
reasonable detail the facts known to the applicable New REIT Indemnified Party giving rise to such Indemnity Claim. New REIT shall deliver to the General Partner, promptly after any New REIT Indemnified Partys receipt thereof, copies of all notices and documents (including court papers) received by such New REIT Indemnified Party relating to any Indemnity Claim based on claims asserted by third parties (Third Party Claim); provided that failure to do so shall not prevent recovery under this Agreement, except to the extent that any potential defense to such claim shall have been prejudiced by such failure. New REIT may, at its option, demand indemnity under this Article 10 as soon as an Indemnity Claim has been threatened by a third party, regardless of whether an actual Loss has been suffered, so long as New REIT shall in good faith determine that such claim is not frivolous and that the New REIT Indemnified Party may be liable for, or otherwise incur, a Loss as a result thereof.
(b) The General Partner shall be entitled to elect to assume and control the defense of any Third Party Claim, through counsel chosen by the General Partner and reasonably acceptable to New REIT, if it gives written notice of its intention to do so to New REIT within thirty (30) days of the receipt of the applicable Claim Notice; provided, however, that New REIT may at all times participate in such defense at its own expense. Without limiting the foregoing, if the General Partner exercises the right to undertake any such defense against a Third Party Claim, New REIT shall cooperate with the General Partner in such defense and make available to the General Partner, at the General Partners expense, all witnesses, pertinent records, materials and information in the possession of, or under the control of, any New REIT Indemnified Party relating thereto as is reasonably required by the General Partner. No compromise or settlement of such Third Party Claim may be effected by either New REIT, on the one hand, or the General Partner, on the other hand, without the other partys consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed) unless (i) there is no finding or admission of any violation of Law and no effect on any other claims that may be made against a New REIT Indemnified Party or against the Holdback Fund, (ii) each party that is party to such claim is released from all liability with respect to such claim, and (iii) there is no equitable order, judgment or term that in any manner affects, restrains or interferes with the business of New REIT or any of New REITs Affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the compromise or settlement of such Third Party Claim could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the status of New REIT as a real investment trust within the meaning of Section 856 of the Code, then New REIT shall make such decision to compromise or settle the Third Party Claim without the need to obtain the other partys consent. All costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner pursuant to this Section 10.2(b) shall be reimbursed from the Holdback Fund in accordance with Section 10.9.
Section 10.3 Payment of Indemnity Claims. Upon resolution of any Indemnity Claim or portion of such a claim, or any claim of the General Partner arising under Section 10.9(c), each as evidenced by a written instruction of the General Partner, in which an officer of the General Partner certifies that the instruction has been approved by either (a) the General Partner or (b) a final, non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction, New REIT shall release to itself from the Holdback Fund: (x) a number of Holdback Shares equal to the lesser of (i) the number of Holdback Shares remaining in the Holdback Fund at such time and (ii) the number of Holdback Shares resulting from dividing (A) the product of (1) the Holdback Share Allocation, multiplied by (2) the amount of such claim or portion of such claim as set forth in such instruction (the Claim Amount), by (B) the closing price of New REITs common shares on the day of the resolution of such claim pursuant to this Section 10.3, and (y) an amount of cash equal to the lesser of (i) the balance of the Holdback Cash remaining in the Holdback Fund at such time and (ii) the product of (A) (1) 100%, minus (2) the Holdback Share Allocation, multiplied by (B) the Claim Amount. All Holdback Shares released pursuant to this Section 10.3 shall be cancelled as soon as practicable after such release.
Section 10.4 Release of the Holdback Fund.
(a) Within fifteen (15) days after the six-month anniversary of the Closing Date, the New REIT shall prepare a summary setting forth a list of outstanding Indemnity Claims (including any previously paid Indemnity Claims), together with a good faith estimate of the maximum value (expressed in dollars) of each such Indemnity Claim and the aggregate amount of such values that would be allocated against the Holdback Fund in accordance with Sections 10.2 and 10.3 if the actual amount of Losses subject to indemnification pursuant to this Article 10 were equal to such good faith estimate of the maximum value such Indemnity Clams. As soon as reasonably practicable after the completion of such report:
(i) if (A) (1) the aggregate number of Holdback Shares in the Holdback Fund at such time, minus (2) the aggregate number of Holdback Shares allocated to outstanding indemnity claims in accordance with the good faith estimate made pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence exceeds (B) the product of 50%, multiplied by the aggregate number of Holdback Shares initially deposited in the Holdback Fund pursuant to Section 1.9, then the New REIT shall release from the Holdback Fund the number of Holdback Shares equal to such excess, which such shares shall be distributed to each Participant according to such Participants pro rata interest in the Holdback Shares, based on the aggregate contributions of each Person pursuant to Section 1.9, rounded down to the nearest whole share; and
(ii) if (A) (1) the aggregate amount of Holdback Cash at such time, minus (2) the aggregate value allocated against the Holdback Cash in accordance with the good faith estimate made pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence exceeds (B) 50%, multiplied by the aggregate amount of Holdback Cash initially deposited in the Holdback Fund pursuant to Section 1.9, then the New REIT shall release from the Holdback Fund the amount of Holdback Cash equal to such excess, which such cash shall be distributed to each Participant according to such Participants pro rata interest in the Holdback Cash, based on the aggregate contributions of each Person pursuant to Section 1.9.
(b) Within ten (10) days after the Expiration Date, and at the end of each calendar quarter thereafter while any Holdback Shares or Holdback Cash remains in the Holdback Fund, New REIT shall prepare a summary setting forth a list of outstanding Indemnity Claims, together with a good faith estimate of the maximum value (expressed in dollars) of each such Indemnity Claim and the aggregate amount of such values that would be allocated against the Holdback Fund in accordance with Sections 10.2 and 10.3 if the actual amount of Losses subject to indemnification pursuant to this Article 10 were equal to such good faith estimate of the maximum value such Indemnity Clams. As soon as reasonably practicable after the completion of such report, New REIT shall release to each Participant such Participants pro rata interest, based on the aggregate contributions of each Person pursuant to Section 1.9, of (i) the Holdback Shares, rounded down to the nearest whole share, and (ii) the Holdback Cash, in each case, in excess of the aggregate value allocated against the Holdback Shares and the Holdback Cash in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.
(c) New REIT will create a ledger setting forth the number of Holdback Shares and the amount of Holdback Cash contributed by each Participant, and New REIT will update such ledger upon the cancellation or release of any Holdback Shares or Holdback Cash pursuant to Sections 10.3 or 10.4.
Section 10.5 Earnings. All dividends and distributions made by the New REIT in respect of the Holdback Shares, whether in cash, additional New REIT Shares or other property, shall not be part of the Holdback Fund and, instead, shall be property of the Participants. All such dividends and
distributions shall be distributed as soon as reasonably practicable by New REIT to the applicable Participants, pro rata according to the contributions of Holdback Shares of each applicable Participant to the Holdback Fund pursuant to Section 1.9.
Section 10.6 Voting. Each Participant shall have the right to vote all Holdback Shares contributed by such Participant to the Holdback Fund pursuant to Section 1.9 until such time as any such Holdback Shares are released and thereby forfeited and cancelled pursuant to Section 10.3. New REIT will forward to each Participant all notices of meetings, proxy statements and reports to shareholders in respect of Holdback Shares of that Participant, and will either (i) vote the Holdback Shares held on such Participants behalf only in accordance with written instructions received from such Participant, or (ii) forward to such Participant a signed proxy (with power of substitution) enabling the Participant to vote such Holdback Shares.
Section 10.7 Limitations on Liability. The obligation of any party to indemnify the New REIT Indemnified Parties shall be subject to the following limitations:
(a) Representations and warranties shall only survive as set forth in Section 6.2 hereof and covenants contained in this Agreement shall survive after the Effective Time until the first anniversary of the Closing Date (the Expiration Date). If written notice of a claim has been given prior to the Expiration Date, then the relevant representation, warranty and covenant shall survive, but only with respect to such specific claim, until such claim has been finally resolved. Any claim for indemnification not so asserted in writing by the Expiration Date, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, may not thereafter be asserted and shall forever be waived.
(b) The New REIT Indemnified Parties shall only be entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article 10 to the extent all Losses exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate.
(c) No New REIT Indemnified Party may make a Indemnity Claim directly under this Agreement. All Indemnity Claims shall be asserted by New REIT on behalf of the New REIT Indemnified Party.
(d) The sole and exclusive remedy of the New REIT Indemnified Parties with respect to Indemnity Claims and any and all other claims arising out of this Agreement (other than those arising out of fraud) shall be recovery from the Holdback Fund in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Except as expressly contemplated by Sections 1.8 and 1.9 of this Agreement, no party to this Agreement, or any other Participant, shall be liable or obligated to make payments under this Agreement other than forfeiture, if any, of any portion of a Holdback Fund.
Section 10.8 Characterization of Holdback Releases. Any release from the Holdback Fund pursuant to this Article 10 shall constitute an adjustment of the Merger Consideration received by a Participant for Tax purposes and shall be treated as such by all parties on their Tax returns to the extent permitted by Law.
Section 10.9 General Partners Power and Authority.
(a) The General Partner has the exclusive power and authority to act for and on behalf of the Funds and all of the Participants after the Closing in connection with all indemnity matters arising under this Article 10. The General Partner shall have the sole and exclusive authority to defend, settle or authorize claims against the Holdback Fund, and authorize the release of Holdback Shares and Holdback Cash pursuant to Sections 10.3 and 10.4.
(b) For purposes of this Article 10, a decision, act, consent, election or instruction of the General Partner shall be deemed to be authorized if approved in writing by the General Partner, and New REIT and the New REIT Indemnified Parties may rely upon such decision, act, consent, election or instruction as provided in this Section 10.9 as being the decision, act, consent, election or instruction of the General Partner. New REIT and the New REIT Indemnified Parties, including their respective directors, officers, employees, agents and representatives, are hereby relieved from any liability to any person for any acts done in accordance with such decision, act, consent, election or instruction. The General Partner may from time to time by written notice to New REIT appoint a representative or representatives to exercise such powers with respect to one or more claims as may be delegated by the General Partner.
(c) The General Partner shall have no liability for any action taken in good faith pursuant to this Article X and shall be indemnified from the Holdback Fund (to the extent available) for all Losses arising out of action taken pursuant to Article X, except for its own gross negligence and actions taken by it in bad faith.
ARTICLE 11.
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.1 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and it will not be necessary in making proof of this Agreement or the terms of this Agreement to produce or account for more than one of such counterparts. All counterparts shall constitute one and the same instrument. Each party may execute this Agreement via a facsimile (or transmission of a .pdf file) of this Agreement. In addition, facsimile or .pdf signatures of authorized signatories of the parties shall be valid and binding and delivery of a facsimile or .pdf signature by any party shall constitute due execution and delivery of this Agreement.
Section 11.2 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal Laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to the choice of laws provisions thereof; provided, however, that any provisions of this Agreement that relate to the internal governance or affairs of the Funds shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal Laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to choice of laws provisions thereof.
Section 11.3 Amendment; Waiver. Any amendment hereto shall be in writing and signed by all parties hereto. No waiver of any provisions of this Agreement shall be valid unless in writing and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought. The waiver by any party of the performance of any act shall not operate as a waiver of the performance of any other act or an identical act required to be performed at a later time. Except as otherwise provided herein, no action taken pursuant to this Agreement, including any investigation by or on behalf of any party, shall be deemed to constitute a waiver by the party taking such action of compliance with any representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement.
Section 11.4 Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the exhibits and schedules hereto constitute the entire agreement and supersede conflicting provisions set forth in all other prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, as the case may be.
Section 11.5 Assignability. This Agreement and all of the provisions hereof shall be binding upon, and shall be enforceable by and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and permitted assigns and any reference to a party shall also be a reference to an heir, legal representative, successor or permitted assign; provided, however, that this
Agreement may not be assigned (except by operation of Law) by any party without the prior written consent of the other parties, and any attempted assignment without such consent shall be void and of no effect.
Section 11.6 Titles. The titles and captions of the Articles, Sections and paragraphs of this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and shall have no effect on the construction or meaning of this Agreement.
Section 11.7 Third Party Beneficiary. No provision of this Agreement is intended, nor shall it be interpreted, to provide or create any third party beneficiary rights or any other rights of any kind in any customer, affiliate, shareholder, partner, member, director, officer or employee of any party hereto or any other Person. All provisions hereof shall be personal solely among the parties to this Agreement.
Section 11.8 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement, or the application thereof, is for any reason held to any extent to be invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement and application of such provision to other Persons or circumstances will be interpreted so as reasonably to effect the intent of the parties hereto. The parties further agree to replace such void or unenforceable provision of this Agreement with a valid and enforceable provision that will achieve, to the extent possible, the economic, business and other purposes of the void or unenforceable provision and to execute any amendment, consent or agreement deemed necessary or desirable by New REIT to effect such replacement. To the extent permitted by applicable Law, the parties waive any provision of applicable Law which renders any provision of this Agreement unenforceable in any respect.
Section 11.9 Interpretation. This Agreement shall be read and construed in the English language. As used in this Agreement, any reference to the masculine, feminine or neuter gender shall include all genders, the plural shall include the singular, and singular shall include the plural. References herein to a party or other Person include their respective successors and assigns. The words include, includes and including when used herein shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase without limitation unless such phrase otherwise appears. Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to articles, sections, schedules, exhibits and attachments shall be deemed references to articles and sections of, and schedules, exhibits and attachments to, this Agreement. Unless the context otherwise requires, the words hereof, hereby and herein and words of similar meaning when used in this Agreement refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular article, section or provision hereof. Except when used together with the word either or otherwise for the purpose of identifying mutually exclusive alternatives, the term or has the inclusive meaning represented by the phrase and/or. Any deadline or time period set forth in this Agreement that by its terms ends on a day that is not a Business Day shall be automatically extended to the next succeeding Business Day. All references in this Agreement to dollars or $ shall mean United States dollars. With regard to each and every term and condition of this Agreement, the parties understand and agree that the same have or has been mutually negotiated, prepared and drafted, and that if at any time the parties desire or are required to interpret or construe any such term or condition or any agreement or instrument subject thereto, no consideration shall be given to the issue of which party actually prepared, drafted or requested any term or condition of this Agreement.
Section 11.10 Notices. All notices, requests, demands, waivers and communications required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing signed by or on behalf of the party making such notice, request, demand, waiver or communication and shall be deemed to be given (i) on the day delivered (or if that day is not a Business Day, or if delivered after the close of business on a Business Day, on the next day that is a Business Day) when delivered by personal delivery or overnight courier, (ii) on the third Business Day after mailed by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, or (iii) upon transmission when sent by facsimile transmission or email transmission
(provided that such facsimile or email is followed by an original of such notice by mail or personal delivery as provided herein). Mailed notices shall be addressed as set forth below, but any party may change the address set forth below by written notice to other parties in accordance with this paragraph.
If to New REIT: |
|
RLJ Lodging Trust |
3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 1000 |
Bethesda, Maryland 20814 |
Attention: Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
Facsimile: (301) 280-7787 |
Email: tbaltimore@rljhotels.com |
|
If to the Funds: |
|
RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P. |
RLJ Lodging Fund II (PF #1), L.P. |
3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 1000 |
Bethesda, Maryland 20814 |
Attention: Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
Facsimile: (301) 280-7787 |
Email: tbaltimore@rljhotels.com |
|
If to the General Partner: |
|
RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC |
3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 1000 |
Bethesda, Maryland 20814 |
Attention: Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
Facsimile: (301) 280-7787 |
Email: tbaltimore@rljhotels.com |
Section 11.11 Equitable Remedies. The parties agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with the specific terms hereof or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof in any federal or state court located in the State of Maryland (as to which the parties agree to submit to jurisdiction for the purpose of such action), this being in addition to any other remedy to which the parties are entitled under this Agreement.
Section 11.12 Enforcement Costs. Should either party institute any action, suit or proceeding to enforce the terms of this Agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to receive all reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) incurred by such prevailing party in connection with such action, suit or proceeding. A party entitled to recover costs and expenses under this Section shall also be entitled to recover all costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) incurred in the enforcement of any judgment or settlement obtained in such action or proceeding (and in any such judgment provision shall be made for the recovery of such post-judgment costs and expenses).
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.
|
FUNDS | ||
|
| ||
|
RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership | ||
|
| ||
|
|
By: |
RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, its general partner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
|
Its: President |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RLJ Lodging Fund II (PF #1), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership | ||
|
| ||
|
|
By: |
RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, its general partner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
|
Its: President |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
|
NEW REIT | ||
|
| ||
|
RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust | ||
|
| ||
|
| ||
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. | |
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. | |
|
|
Title: Chief Executive Officer | |
|
| ||
|
| ||
|
GENERAL PARTNER | ||
|
| ||
|
RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company | ||
|
| ||
|
| ||
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. | |
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. | |
|
|
Its: President |
EXHIBIT A
TO
MERGER AGREEMENT
DEFINITIONS
For purposes of the Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:
Affiliate means, with respect to any Person, a Person that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, control (including, with correlative meanings, the terms controlled by and under common control with) as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise.
Aggregate Funds has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Agreement has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
Business Day means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday in the State of Maryland.
Certificates of Merger has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2 of this Agreement.
Claim Amount has the meaning set forth in Section 10.3 of this Agreement.
Claim Notice has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a) of this Agreement.
Closing has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.
Closing Date has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.
Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated or issued thereunder.
Combined LP Share means a percentage, where the numerator is the equity value attributable to all Limited Partner Interests in the aggregate, and the denominator is the aggregate equity value attributable to the Funds, the Other RLJ Funds and RLJ Development, as set forth on Schedule A-1.
Confidential Consent Solicitation Statement means the Confidential Consent Solicitation Statement of the Funds and the Other RLJ Funds, dated November 29, 2010, as modified, amended and supplemented by the Supplement, dated January 21, 2011.
Consolidation Transaction Documentation means all of the agreements and plans of merger (including this Agreement) and related documents and agreements pursuant to which the Funds, the Other RLJ Funds and RLJ Development and their respective Subsidiaries desire to conduct the Consolidation Transactions.
Consolidation Transactions means (i) the Primary Mergers; (ii) the Secondary Mergers and (iii) the merger of RLJ Lodging II Master, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and RLJ Real Estate III Master, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, with and into RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership of which the New REIT is the sole general partner.
Cost Sharing Percentage means, for each Fund, (i) the total asset value of the applicable Fund (i.e., the Main Fund), divided by (ii) the aggregate total asset value of all Aggregate Funds (i.e., Main Fund, Parallel Fund, Other Main Fund and Other Parallel Fund).
Costs has the meaning set forth in Section 1.8 of this Agreement.
Distributable Equity Value means (i) Gross Equity Value, minus (ii) Public Equity Value, minus (iii) an amount equal to all transaction costs incurred in connection with the Consolidation Transactions and the IPO.
Effective Time has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2 of this Agreement.
Eligible Investor means a Participant that, in the sole discretion of New REIT, (i) is an accredited investor within the meaning of Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act (Regulation D), (ii) is acquiring the New REIT Shares in a transaction exempt from registration pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D and (iii) has properly completed and returned to New REIT the Investor Questionnaire attached as Exhibit B to the Confidential Consent Solicitation Statement.
Environmental Laws means all federal, state and local Laws governing pollution or the protection of human health or the environment.
Expiration Date has the meaning set forth in Section 10.7(a) of this Agreement.
Franchise Agreements has the meaning set forth in Section 5.13 of this Agreement.
Fund Material Adverse Effect means any material adverse change in any of the assets, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operation or prospects of the Funds and all Fund Subsidiaries, taken together.
Fund Subsidiary has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 of this Agreement.
Funds has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
General Partner has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
General Partner Interest means all of the outstanding general partner interests in the Funds.
Governmental Authority means any government or agency, bureau, board, commission, court, department, official, political subdivision, tribunal or other instrumentality of any government, whether federal, state or local, domestic or foreign.
GP Share means the relative equity value attributable to the General Partner Interests as compared to the aggregate equity value attributable to the Funds, the Other RLJ Funds and RLJ Development as set forth on Schedule A-1.
Gross Equity Value means the estimated gross equity value of New REIT (net of indebtedness expected to be outstanding on the consummation of the Consolidation Transactions and the IPO after application of the net proceeds of the IPO, and excluding any shares issued under New REITs proposed equity incentive plan to members of New REITs senior management and other eligible individuals concurrently with the closing of the IPO), as estimated by New REIT in consultation with the investment banking firms managing the IPO shortly prior to commencing marketing activities relating to the IPO.
Holdback Cash has the meaning set forth in Section 1.9 of this Agreement.
Holdback Fund has the meaning set forth in Section 1.9 of this Agreement.
Holdback Percentage means the quotient, expressed as a percentage, obtained by dividing $25,000,000 by the Distributable Equity Value.
Holdback Share Allocation means a fraction, expressed as a percentage, (i) the numerator of which is the product of (A) the number of Holdback Shares initially retained by New REIT pursuant to Section 1.9(a), multiplied by (B) the IPO Price (such resulting product, the Holdback Share Value), and (ii) the denominator of which is the sum of (A) the Holdback Share Value, plus (B) the aggregate amount of Holdback Cash initially retained by New REIT pursuant to Section 1.9(b).
Holdback Shares has the meaning set forth in Section 1.9 of this Agreement.
Hotel Lease has the meaning set forth in Section 5.9(d) of this Agreement.
Indemnity Claim has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1 of this Agreement.
Individual LP Share means a Limited Partners pro rata equity interest in the Funds as set forth on Schedule A-2, to be delivered at signing; provided, however, that if capital contributions to Funds after the date hereof are made other than in accordance with the allocations set forth on Schedule A-2, the allocation set forth on such schedule shall be adjusted in accordance with the Funds Organizational Documents.
Integrated Mergers has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Interests means the General Partner Interests and the Limited Partner Interests.
IPO has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
IPO Price means the mid-point of the price range per New REIT Share, which mid-point and range will be determined by New REIT in consultation with the investment banking firms managing the IPO shortly prior to commencing marketing activities relating to the IPO, and which will be set forth in a preliminary prospectus relating to the IPO that will be filed with the SEC.
Knowledge means, (i) with respect to a representation of New REIT, the current, actual knowledge of New REITs directors and officers, after reasonable due inquiry and (ii) with respect to the Funds or the General Partner, the current, actual knowledge of the General Partners officers, after reasonable due inquiry.
Laws means laws, statutes, rules, regulations, codes, orders, ordinances, judgments, injunctions, decrees and policies of any Governmental Authority, including, without limitation, zoning, land use or other similar rules or ordinances.
Liens means all pledges, claims, liens, charges, restrictions, controls, easements, rights of way, exceptions, reservations, leases, licenses, grants, covenants and conditions, encumbrances and security interests of any kind or nature whatsoever.
Limited Partner Interests means all of the outstanding limited partner interests in the Funds.
Limited Partners means the holders of the Limited Partner Interests immediately prior to the Consolidation Transactions.
Losses has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1 of this Agreement.
Main Fund has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
Main Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Maryland REIT Law means Maryland REIT Law, as set forth in Title 8 of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland.
Merger has the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 of this Agreement.
Merger Consideration has the meaning set forth in Section 1.5(b) of this Agreement.
New REIT has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
New REIT Charter has the meaning set forth in Section 1.4 of this Agreement.
New REIT Indemnified Party has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1 of this Agreement.
New REIT Material Adverse Effect means any material adverse change in any of the assets, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operation or prospects of New REIT and its Subsidiaries taken together.
New REIT Share has the meaning set forth in Section 1.5(b) of this Agreement.
Old REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Organizational Documents means the certificate of formation, declaration of trust, certificate of incorporation and bylaws, certificate of limited partnership and limited partnership agreement, limited liability company agreement or operating agreement, of each Fund or Fund Subsidiary, as applicable.
Other Fund Material Adverse Effect means any material adverse change in any of the assets, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operation or prospects of the Other Main Fund and the Other Parallel Fund and all of their Subsidiaries, taken together.
Other Main Fund has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Other Main Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Other Parallel Fund has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Other Parallel Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Other RLJ Funds has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Parallel Fund has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
Parallel Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Participants means the holders of the Limited Partner Interests and the General Partner Interests immediately prior to the Consolidation Transactions.
Permitted Liens means (i) Liens, or deposits made to secure the release of such Liens, securing Taxes, the payment of which is not delinquent or the payment of which (including, without limitation, the amount or validity thereof) is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves have been made in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; (ii) zoning, entitlement, building and other land use Laws imposed by governmental agencies having jurisdiction over the Properties; (iii) covenants, conditions, restrictions, easements for public utilities, encroachments, rights of access or other non-monetary matters that do not materially impair the use of the Properties for the purposes for which they are currently being used or proposed to be used in connection with the relevant Persons business; (iv) Liens securing financing or credit arrangements existing as of the Closing Date; (v) Liens arising under leases in effect as of the Closing Date; (vi) any exceptions contained in any title policy (including any policy issued to a secured lender) relating to the Properties as of the Closing Date; (vii) mechanics, carriers, workers, repairers and similar Liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business that are not yet due and payable and which are not, in the aggregate, material to the business, operations and financial condition of the Properties so encumbered; and (viii) any matters that would not have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Person means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity.
Preferred Units means the 12.5% Class A Cumulative Redeemable Non-Voting Preferred Units issued by each of the Old REITs.
Primary Fund Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Primary Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Property has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 of this Agreement.
Property Management Agreements has the meaning set forth in Section 5.13 of this Agreement.
Public Equity Value means the estimated equity value of the New REIT Shares issued by New REIT to the investors in the IPO (excluding any New REIT Shares issued or issuable under awards made by New REIT at the time of the IPO pursuant to New REITs equity incentive plan and any New REIT Shares issued to equity holders in the RLJ Entities as consideration in the Consolidation Transactions and before taking into account any expenses of the IPO or the Consolidation Transactions), as estimated by New REIT in consultation with the investment banking firms managing the IPO shortly prior to commencing marketing activities relating to the IPO.
Registration Statement has the meaning set forth in the introduction to Article 3 of this Agreement.
REIT has the meaning set forth in Section 5.14(b) of this Agreement.
RLJ Development has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
RLJ Entity means a Fund, an Other RLJ Fund or RLJ Development, as applicable. As used herein, RLJ Entities refer to each RLJ Entity, collectively.
RLJ Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
SEC has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1(c) of this Agreement.
Secondary Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Subsidiary of any Person means any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other legal entity of which such Person owns (either directly or through or together with another Subsidiary of such Person) either (i) a general partner, managing member or other similar interest, or (ii)(A) ten percent (10%) or more of the voting power of the voting capital stock or other equity interests, or (B) ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting capital stock or other voting equity interests of such corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or other legal entity.
Surviving Entity has the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 of this Agreement.
Tax means all federal, state, local and foreign income, gross receipts, license, property, withholding, sales, franchise, employment, payroll, goods and services, stamp, environmental, customs duties, capital stock, social security, transfer, alternative minimum, excise and other taxes, tariffs or governmental charges of any nature whatsoever, including estimated taxes, together with penalties, interest or additions to Tax with respect thereto, whether or not disputed.
Third Party Claim has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a) of this Agreement.
Exhibit 2.2
MERGER AGREEMENT
This MERGER AGREEMENT (including all exhibits and schedules hereto, this Agreement) is made and entered on February 1, 2011 by and among RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Main Fund), RLJ Real Estate Fund III (PF #1), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Parallel Fund and, together with the Main Fund, the Funds and each individually, a Fund), RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (New REIT), and RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the General Partner).
RECITALS
A. All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in Exhibit A.
B. RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an Affiliate of the General Partner, is the general partner of (i) RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Other Main Fund), and (ii) RLJ Lodging Fund II (PF #1), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Other Parallel Fund and, together with the Other Main Fund, the Other RLJ Funds). Each of the Funds and the Other RLJ Funds are sometimes individually referred to as an Aggregate Fund and collectively they are sometimes referred to as the Aggregate Funds.
C. (i) The Main Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Real Estate III REIT, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Main Subsidiary REIT); (ii) the Parallel Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Real Estate III REIT (PF #1), LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Parallel Subsidiary REIT); (iii) the Other Main Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Lodging II REIT, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Other Main Subsidiary REIT); and (iv) the Other Parallel Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Lodging II REIT (PF #1), LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Other Parallel Subsidiary REIT and, together with the Main Subsidiary REIT, the Other Main Subsidiary REIT and the Parallel Subsidiary REIT, the Old REITs).
D. Each of the Old REITs has elected to be taxed as a corporation and as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 856, et. seq. of the Code, and prior to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the New REIT will have elected to be taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.
E. The Consolidation Transactions relate to the proposed initial public offering (the IPO) of the New REIT Shares, following which New REIT will operate as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust under the applicable provisions of the Code.
F. In accordance with applicable state Law for each of the Funds, each Fund may be merged with another entity, subject to the requisite approvals as provided in applicable state Law and the Organizational Documents of each Fund.
G. The Aggregate Funds and RLJ Development, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (RLJ Development), have determined that it is in their respective best interests (i) that the Funds be merged with and into New REIT, with New REIT surviving the merger on the terms and subject to the conditions hereinafter set forth, and (ii) that (A) the Other RLJ Funds be merged with and into New REIT on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable merger agreement, with New REIT
surviving the merger and (B) RLJ Development transfer substantially all of its assets and liabilities to a subsidiary of New REIT, each on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable merger agreements or contribution agreement (each of the transactions described in (i) and (ii)(A) above, a Primary Fund Merger, the transaction described in (ii)(B) above, the RLJ Merger, and, collectively, the Primary Mergers).
H. Immediately following the Primary Mergers, and as an integrated step with the Primary Fund Mergers, New REIT shall cause each Old REIT to merge with and into New REIT, with New REIT surviving each of the mergers (each, a Secondary Merger and, collectively, the Secondary Mergers, and the Secondary Mergers together with the Primary Mergers, the Integrated Mergers). Each of the Preferred Units will be cancelled in exchange for cash in the Secondary Mergers, and all of the remaining limited liability company interests in the Old REITs held by the applicable Fund or Other RLJ Fund will be cancelled for no consideration.
I. The Aggregate Funds and RLJ Development intend that the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers constitute integrated steps in a single plan and that the Primary Fund Mergers and Secondary Mergers constitute a reorganization of each of the Old REITs under section 368(a)(1)(A) of the Code, coupled with a liquidation of each of the Aggregate Funds for federal income tax purposes.
J. Following the Integrated Mergers, New REIT will continue to conduct the business previously conducted by each of the Old REITs and RLJ Development.
K. The board of trustees of New REIT has determined that it is advisable and in the best interest of New REIT to proceed with the Integrated Mergers, and the board of trustees of New REIT has approved and authorized the Integrated Mergers, and has obtained any necessary shareholder approval, in accordance with Maryland REIT Law and New REITs declaration of trust.
L. The General Partner, as general partner of each Fund, has determined in accordance with the standard of conduct required of it under each Funds Organizational Documents to proceed with the Integrated Mergers on the terms described in this Agreement and has approved and authorized this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby.
M. The sole manager of each of the Old REITs has determined in accordance with the standard of conduct required of it under such Old REITs Organizational Documents to proceed with the Integrated Mergers in accordance with the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and such Old REITs operating agreement and has approved and authorized the Secondary Mergers.
N. The Funds and the Other RLJ Funds have obtained the requisite approvals of their advisory boards and interest holders (and lenders, as applicable) to the Integrated Mergers and the applicable Consolidation Transaction Documentation.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual undertakings set forth below and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1.
THE PRIMARY MERGERS
Section 1.1 The Merger. At the Effective Time, and subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with applicable Laws, the Funds shall be merged with and into New REIT (the Merger), whereby the separate existence of the Funds shall cease, and New
REIT shall continue its existence under Maryland Law as the surviving entity (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the Surviving Entity).
Section 1.2 Effective Time. Subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement, after (i) the execution by New REIT of an underwriting agreement, by and among New REIT and certain underwriters set forth therein, pursuant to which New REIT will issue and sell shares in the IPO and (ii) the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set forth in Article 9, but prior to the closing of the IPO, the parties hereto will cause to be executed and filed certificates or articles of merger or similar documents with respect to the Merger (the Certificates of Merger) as may be required by applicable Laws in each jurisdiction applicable to New REIT and the Funds. Each Certificate of Merger shall provide that the respective Primary Fund Merger shall become effective upon filing or at such later date and time set forth in such Certificate of Merger that is not more than thirty (30) days after the acceptance of the Certificate of Merger by the applicable authority for record, but in any event prior to the closing of the IPO (the Effective Time).
Section 1.3 Effect of the Merger. At the Effective Time, the effect of the Merger shall be as provided in this Agreement, the Certificates of Merger and applicable Laws.
Section 1.4 Organizational Documents. At the Effective Time, (i) New REITs declaration of trust, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time (the New REIT Charter), shall be the charter of the Surviving Entity until thereafter amended as provided therein or in accordance with the Maryland REIT Law, and (ii) the bylaws of New REIT, as in effect immediately prior to the Effective Time, shall be the bylaws of the Surviving Entity until thereafter amended as provided therein or in accordance with the Maryland REIT Law.
Section 1.5 Conversion of Interests.
(a) Subject to the terms and conditions contained herein, each Participant is irrevocably bound to accept and entitled to receive, as a result of and upon consummation of the Merger, New REIT Shares or cash pursuant to and as calculated in this Section 1.5.
(b) At the Effective Time, by virtue of the Merger and without any action on the part of the parties hereto, each Participants Interests shall be converted automatically into shares of New REIT (each, a New REIT Share) or cash with a value equal to the proportionate value represented by such Participants Interests, calculated pursuant to Section 1.5(c) (individually and collectively referred to as the Merger Consideration), in each case, which the Company shall deliver to the Participants immediately upon Closing.
(c) Subject to the Sections 1.9 and 2.2(c), the number of New REIT Shares or amount of cash constituting the Merger Consideration to be paid to a Participant on account of all of such Participants Interests shall be calculated as follows:
(i) Each Limited Partner that is an Eligible Investor shall receive a number of New REIT Shares equal to taking (A) the product which results from (1) multiplying the Combined LP Share by (2) the Distributable Equity Value, and dividing it by (B) the IPO Price, and then multiplying the result by (C) the Individual LP Share, rounded down to the nearest whole share.
(ii) The General Partner shall receive a number of New REIT Shares equal to taking (A) the product which results from (1) multiplying the GP Share by (2) the Distributable Equity Value, and dividing it by (B) the IPO Price, rounded down to the nearest whole share.
(iii) Each Limited Partner that is not an Eligible Investor shall receive an amount of cash equal the product of (A) the Combined LP Share, multiplied by (B) the Distributable Equity Value, multiplied by (C) the Individual LP Share.
(d) No fractional New REIT Shares, or cash in lieu of fractional New REIT Shares, will be issued in the Primary Mergers.
Section 1.6 Cancellation and Retirement of the Interests. From and after the Effective Time, the Interests shall no longer be outstanding and shall automatically be cancelled and retired and shall cease to exist, and each holder of Interests shall thereafter cease to have any rights as a partner of, or obligations to, either Fund, except the right to receive the Merger Consideration applicable thereto and any obligations expressly set forth herein.
Section 1.7 Calculation of Merger Consideration. As soon as practicable following the determination of the IPO Price and prior to the Effective Time, all calculations relating to the Merger Consideration shall be performed in good faith by, or under the direction of, New REIT, and, absent manifest error, shall be final and binding upon the Participants.
Section 1.8 Transaction Costs. If the Closing occurs, all transaction costs and expenses of New REIT and the RLJ Entities in connection with the Consolidation Transactions and the IPO, which include, but are not limited to, all fees of professionals and underwriting discounts and commissions (collectively, the Costs), will be borne among all Participants and holders of equity interests in the Other RLJ Funds and RLJ Development, pro rata according to consideration received in the applicable Primary Merger. If the Closing does not occur for any reason, the Aggregate Funds shall share, pro rata based on the total asset value of each Aggregate Fund as of January 21, 2011, the Costs. Upon termination of this Agreement, each Fund will pay to New REIT an amount equal to (a) the Costs, multiplied by (b) such Funds Cost Sharing Percentage.
Section 1.9 Holdback Fund. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, at the Effective Time, New REIT shall retain from the Merger Consideration and place into a segregated escrow fund to satisfy the indemnification obligations pursuant to Article 10, (a) from the General Partner and each Limited Partner receiving New REIT Shares in the Merger pursuant to Section 1.5(c)(i), a number of New REIT Shares, rounded down to the nearest whole share, equal to (i) the Holdback Percentage, times (ii) the number of New REIT Shares to be issued to such Person pursuant to Sections 1.5(c)(i) and 1.5(c)(ii) (all such shares, the Holdback Shares) and (b) from each Limited Partner receiving cash in the Merger pursuant to Section 1.5(c)(iii), an amount of cash equal to (i) the Holdback Percentage, times (ii) the aggregate amount of cash to be issued to such Limited Partner pursuant to Section 1.5(c)(iii) (all such, the Holdback Cash and, together with the Holdback Shares, the Holdback Fund).
ARTICLE 2.
CLOSING; TERM OF AGREEMENT
Section 2.1 Closing. Unless this Agreement shall have been terminated pursuant to Section 2.5, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions in Article 9, the Effective Time and the closing of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall occur concurrently with or immediately prior to the IPO (the Closing or the Closing Date). The Closing shall take place at the offices of Hogan Lovells US LLP, located at Columbia Square, 555 Thirteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC or such other place as determined by New REIT in its sole discretion. The Closing and the closing of the IPO shall be deemed concurrent for all purposes.
Section 2.2 Payment of Merger Consideration.
(a) As soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time, the Surviving Entity shall deliver to each Participant the Merger Consideration payable to such Person, subject to Section 1.9, in the amounts and form provided in Section 1.5 hereof.
(b) Legend. Any certificate representing New REIT Shares issuable as Merger Consideration shall bear the following legend:
THE SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE SECURITIES ACT), OR UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND MAY NOT BE ENCUMBERED, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF WITHIN THE UNITED STATES EXCEPT PURSUANT TO THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM SUCH REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS AND, IN EACH CASE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS.
THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP, CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER. SUBJECT TO CERTAIN FURTHER RESTRICTIONS AND EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THE TRUSTS DECLARATION OF TRUST, (I) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN COMMON SHARES OF THE TRUST IN EXCESS OF 9.8% (IN VALUE OR NUMBER OF SHARES, WHICHEVER IS MORE RESTRICTIVE) OF THE OUTSTANDING COMMON SHARES OF THE TRUST; (II) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN PREFERRED SHARES OF THE TRUST IN EXCESS OF 9.8% (IN VALUE OR NUMBER OF SHARES, WHICHEVER IS MORE RESTRICTIVE) OF THE TOTAL OUTSTANDING PREFERRED SHARES OF THE TRUST OF SUCH CLASS OR SERIES; (III) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE TRUST BEING CLOSELY HELD UNDER SECTION 856(H) OF THE CODE OR OTHERWISE CAUSE THE TRUST TO FAIL TO QUALIFY AS A REIT; (IV) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE TRUST OWNING (DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY) AN INTEREST IN A TENANT THAT IS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 856(D)(2)(B) OF THE CODE IF THE INCOME DERIVED BY THE TRUST (EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY THROUGH ONE OR MORE PARTNERSHIPS OR LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES) FROM SUCH TENANT FOR THE TAXABLE YEAR OF THE TRUST DURING WHICH SUCH DETERMINATION IS BEING MADE WOULD REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO EQUAL OR EXCEED THE LESSER OF (I) ONE PERCENT (1%) OF THE TRUSTS GROSS INCOME (AS DETERMINED FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 856(C) OF THE CODE), OR (II) AN AMOUNT THAT WOULD CAUSE THE TRUST TO FAIL TO SATISFY ANY OF THE GROSS INCOME REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 856(C) OF THE CODE OR (B) ANY MANAGER OR OPERATOR OF A QUALIFIED LODGING FACILITY, WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 856(D)(9)(D) OF THE CODE, LEASED BY THE TRUST (OR ANY SUBSIDIARY OF THE TRUST) TO ONE OF ITS TAXABLE REIT SUBSIDIARIES WITH RESPECT TO THE TRUST FAILING TO QUALIFY AS AN ELIGIBLE INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR, WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 856(D)(9)(A) OF THE CODE, IN EITHER CASE IF THE INCOME DERIVED BY THE TRUST FROM SUCH TENANT OR SUCH TAXABLE REIT SUBSIDIARY, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ANY OTHER INCOME OF THE TRUST THAT WOULD NOT QUALIFY UNDER THE GROSS INCOME REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 856(C) OF THE CODE, WOULD CAUSE THE TRUST TO FAIL TO SATISFY ANY OF SUCH GROSS INCOME REQUIREMENTS; AND (V) NO PERSON MAY TRANSFER SHARES OF THE TRUST IF
SUCH TRANSFER WOULD RESULT IN SHARES OF THE TRUST BEING OWNED BY FEWER THAN 100 PERSONS (AS DETERMINED UNDER THE PRINCIPLES OF SECTION 856(A)(5) OF THE CODE). ANY PERSON WHO BENEFICIALLY OWNS OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWNS, TRANSFERS OR ATTEMPTS TO BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST WHICH CAUSES OR WILL CAUSE A PERSON TO BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST IN EXCESS OR IN VIOLATION OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MUST IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY THE TRUST. IF CERTAIN OF THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OR OWNERSHIP ABOVE ARE VIOLATED, THE SHARES OF THE TRUST REPRESENTED HEREBY WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY TRANSFERRED TO A CHARITABLE TRUSTEE OF A CHARITABLE TRUST FOR THE BENEFIT OF ONE OR MORE CHARITABLE BENEFICIARIES. IN ADDITION, THE TRUST MAY TAKE OTHER ACTIONS, INCLUDING REDEEMING SHARES UPON THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SPECIFIED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES IN ITS SOLE AND ABSOLUTE DISCRETION IF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES DETERMINES THAT OWNERSHIP OR A TRANSFER OR OTHER EVENT MAY VIOLATE THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE. FURTHERMORE, UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF CERTAIN EVENTS, ATTEMPTED TRANSFERS IN VIOLATION OF THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE MAY BE VOID AB INITIO. A PERSON WHO ATTEMPTS TO BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES IN VIOLATION OF THE OWNERSHIP LIMITATIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE SHALL HAVE NO CLAIM, CAUSE OF ACTION OR ANY RECOURSE WHATSOEVER AGAINST A TRANSFEROR OF SUCH SHARES. ALL CAPITALIZED TERMS IN THIS LEGEND HAVE THE MEANINGS DEFINED IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST OF THE TRUST, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, A COPY OF WHICH, INCLUDING THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP, WILL BE FURNISHED TO EACH HOLDER OF SHARES OF THE TRUST ON REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE. REQUESTS FOR SUCH A COPY MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE SECRETARY OF THE TRUST AT ITS PRINCIPAL OFFICE.
(c) Abandoned Property. The Surviving Entity shall not be liable to any Participant for any portion of the Merger Consideration delivered to a public official pursuant to any applicable abandoned property, escheat or similar Law.
Section 2.3 Tax Withholding. New REIT shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration payable pursuant to this Agreement to any Participant such amounts required to be deducted and withheld with respect to the making of such payment under the Code or any provision of state, local or foreign tax Law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to the holder of the Interest in respect of which such deduction and withholding was made.
Section 2.4 Further Action. If, at any time after the Effective Time, the Surviving Entity shall determine or be advised that any deeds, bills of sale, assignments, assurances or any other actions or things are necessary or desirable to vest, perfect or confirm of record or otherwise in the Surviving Entity the right, title or interest in, to or under any of the rights, properties or assets of the Aggregate Funds acquired or to be acquired by the Surviving Entity as a result of, or in connection with, the Primary Mergers or otherwise to carry out this Agreement, the Surviving Entity, as successor by merger, shall be authorized to execute and deliver, in the name and on behalf of any Aggregate Fund or otherwise, all such deeds, bills of sale, assignments and assurances and to take and do, in the name and on behalf of any Aggregate Fund or otherwise, all such other actions and things as may be necessary or desirable to vest, perfect or confirm any and all right, title and interest in, to and under such rights, properties or assets in the Surviving Entity or otherwise to carry out this Agreement.
Section 2.5 Term of the Agreement. This Agreement shall terminate automatically if the Primary Mergers shall not have been consummated on or prior to September 30, 2011.
Section 2.6 Effect of Termination. If this Agreement is terminated for any reason prior to the Effective Time, the Primary Mergers shall not be consummated and all obligations on the part of each party under this Agreement shall terminate, except that the obligations set forth in Section 1.8 and this Section 2.6 shall survive, and no party shall have any liability to any party with respect to any claim arising out of this Agreement.
ARTICLE 3.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF NEW REIT
Except as set forth in the registration statement on form S-11 of New REIT for the IPO (the Registration Statement), New REIT hereby represents and warrants to the Funds as follows:
Section 3.1 Organization; Authority. New REIT has been duly formed and is validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Maryland and has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and to own, lease or operate its property and to carry on its business as presently conducted and, to the extent required under applicable Law, is qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the character of its property make such qualification necessary, other than such failures to be so qualified as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.2 Due Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation (including each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of New REIT pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) by New REIT will have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary actions required of New REIT prior to the Closing. This Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of New REIT pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation constitutes, or when executed and delivered will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of New REIT, enforceable against New REIT in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
Section 3.3 Consents and Approvals. Except for the filing of the Certificates of Merger in accordance with Section 1.2 hereof or in connection with the IPO and the consummation of the other Consolidation Transactions, no consent, waiver, approval, authorization, order, license, permit or registration of, qualification, designation, declaration or filing with, any Person or Governmental Authority or under any applicable Laws is required to be obtained by New REIT in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for those consents, waivers, approvals, authorizations, orders, licenses, permits, registrations, qualifications, designations, declarations or filings, the failure of which to obtain or to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.4 No Violation. None of the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation, any agreement contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement does or will, with or without the giving of notice, lapse of time, or both, violate, conflict
with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under or give to others any right of termination, acceleration, cancellation or other right under, (a) New REITs Organizational Documents, (b) any agreement, document or instrument to which New REIT or any of its assets are bound or (c) any term or provision of any judgment, order, writ, injunction, or decree binding on New REIT, except for, in the case of clause (b) or (c), any such breaches or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.5 Validity of New REIT Shares. New REIT Shares to be issued pursuant to this Agreement will have been duly authorized by New REIT and, when issued against the consideration therefor, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens created by the by New REIT.
Section 3.6 New REIT Charter. Attached as Exhibit B hereto is a true and correct copy in all material respects of the New REIT Charter that will be in effect as of the Closing.
Section 3.7 Limited Activities. Except for activities in connection with the IPO, the Consolidation Transactions or in the ordinary course of business, New REIT has not engaged in any material business or incurred any material obligations.
Section 3.8 Litigation. There is no action, suit or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of New REIT, threatened against New REIT, that challenge or would reasonably be expected to impair the ability of New REIT to execute or deliver, or materially perform its obligations under this Agreement and the documents executed by it pursuant to this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
ARTICLE 4.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE GENERAL PARTNER
Except as set forth in the Registration Statement, the General Partner hereby represents and warrants to the New REIT as follows:
Section 4.1 Organization; Authority. The General Partner has been duly formed and is validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Delaware and has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation to which it is a party.
Section 4.2 Due Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation (including each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of the General Partner pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) by the General Partner will have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary actions required of the General Partner prior to the Closing. This Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of the General Partner pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation constitutes, or when executed and delivered will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of the General Partner, enforceable against the General Partner in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
Section 4.3 Consents and Approvals. Except for the filing of the Certificates of Merger in accordance with Section 1.2 hereof or in connection with the IPO and the consummation of the other Consolidation Transactions, no consent, waiver, approval, authorization, order, license, permit or
registration of, qualification, designation, declaration or filing with, any Person or Governmental Authority or under any applicable Laws is required to be obtained by the General Partner in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for those consents, waivers, approvals, authorizations, orders, licenses, permits, registrations, qualifications, designations, declarations or filings, the failure of which to obtain or to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to materially affect the General Partners ability to perform its obligations hereunder.
Section 4.4 No Violation. None of the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation, any agreement contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement does or will, with or without the giving of notice, lapse of time, or both, violate, conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under or give to others any right of termination, acceleration, cancellation or other right under, (a) the General Partners Organizational Documents or (b) any term or provision of any judgment, order, writ, injunction, or decree binding on the General Partner, except for, in each case, as would not reasonably be expected to materially affect the General Partners ability to perform its obligations hereunder.
Section 4.5 Litigation. There is no action, suit or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of the General Partner, threatened against the General Partner, that challenge or would reasonably be expected to impair the ability of the General Partner to execute or deliver, or materially perform its obligations under this Agreement and the documents executed by it pursuant to this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
ARTICLE 5.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE FUNDS
Except as set forth in the Registration Statement or the Schedules hereto, the Funds hereby jointly and severally represent and warrant to the New REIT as follows:
Section 5.1 Organization; Authority. The Funds have been duly organized and are validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Delaware and have all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement, each agreement contemplated hereby and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation to which such Fund is a party (including any agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of such Fund pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) and to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and to own, lease and/or operate any Property owned, leased or operated by it and to carry on its business as presently conducted. The Funds, to the extent required under applicable Laws, are qualified to do business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of such Funds business or the character of a Property make such qualification necessary, other than such failures to be so qualified as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.2 Subsidiaries. Schedule 5.2 sets forth as of the date hereof: (a) each Subsidiary of each Fund (each, a Fund Subsidiary), (b) the ownership interest therein of each Fund, (c) if not wholly owned by the Funds, the identity and ownership interest of each of the other owners of such Subsidiary, and (d) each property owned or leased pursuant to a ground lease by the Funds or a Fund Subsidiary (each a Property). Each Fund Subsidiary has been duly organized and is validly existing and is in good standing under the Laws of its jurisdiction of organization, and has all requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its Property and to carry on its business as presently conducted. Each Fund Subsidiary, to the extent required under applicable Laws, is qualified to do business and is in good
standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the character of its Property make such qualification necessary, other than such failures to be so qualified as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.3 Due Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by the Funds of this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation (including any agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Funds pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) to which it is a party have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary actions required of the Funds. This Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of the Funds pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation constitutes, or when executed and delivered will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of the Funds, each enforceable against the Funds in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
Section 5.4 Capitalization. Schedule 5.4 sets forth as of the date hereof the ownership of the Funds. All of the issued and outstanding equity interests of the Funds and each of the Fund Subsidiaries are duly authorized and validly issued; and, to the Knowledge of the Funds, are not subject to preemptive rights or appraisal, dissenters or other similar rights under the Organizational Documents of either Fund or any contract to which either Fund is a party or otherwise bound, except for such preemptive rights or appraisal, dissenters or other similar rights as would not prevent the Primary Mergers. As of the Closing, there will be no outstanding rights to purchase, subscriptions, warrants, options or any other security convertible into or exchangeable for equity interests in the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries.
Section 5.5 Consents and Approvals. Except as set forth on Schedule 5.5 and except as shall have been obtained or satisfied on or prior to the Closing Date, no consent, waiver, approval, authorization, order, license, permit or registration of, qualification, designation, declaration or filing with, any Person or any Governmental Authority or under any applicable Laws is required to be obtained by the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation to which the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries is a party and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for those consents, waivers, approvals, authorizations, orders, licenses, permits, registrations, qualifications, designations, declarations or filings, the failure of which to obtain or to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.6 No Violation. None of the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, any agreement contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby will, with or without the giving of notice, lapse of time, or both, violate, conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under or give to others any right of termination, acceleration, cancellation or other right under, (a) the Organizational Documents of the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries or (b) except as set forth on Schedule 5.5, any agreement, document or instrument to which the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries or any of their respective assets or properties are bound or (c) any term or provision of any judgment, order, writ, injunction, or decree binding on the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries, except for, in the case of clause (b) or (c), any such breaches or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.7 Licenses and Permits. To the Knowledge of the Funds, all notices, licenses, permits, certificates and authorizations required for the continued use, occupancy, management, leasing and operation of the Properties have been obtained or can be obtained without material cost, are in full force and effect, are in good standing and (to the extent required in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Consolidation Transaction Documentation) are assignable to the New REIT, except
in each case for items that, if not so obtained, obtainable and/or transferred, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect. To the Knowledge of the Funds, neither Fund, nor any Fund Subsidiary, nor any third party, has taken any action that (or failed to take any action, the omission of which) would result in the revocation of any such notice, license, permit, certificate or authorization where such revocation or revocations would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, nor has any one of them received any written notice of violation from any Governmental Authority or written notice of the intention of any entity to revoke any such notice, license, permit, certificate or authorization, that in each case has not been cured or otherwise resolved to the satisfaction of such Governmental Authority or other entity and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.8 Compliance with Laws. To the Knowledge of the Funds, the Funds and the Fund Subsidiaries have conducted their respective businesses in compliance with all applicable Laws, except for such failures that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Funds nor the Fund Subsidiaries have been informed in writing of any continuing violation of any such Laws or that any investigation has been commenced and is continuing or is contemplated respecting any such possible violation, except in each case for violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.9 Properties.
(a) The Fund or a Fund Subsidiary is the insured under a policy of title insurance as the owner of, and, to the Knowledge of the Funds, the Funds or a Fund Subsidiary is the owner of, the fee simple estate (or, in the case of certain Properties, the leasehold estate or tenancy-in-common estate), together with all easements and other appurtenances necessary for the use and operation of the Property, to each Property set forth on Schedule 5.9(a), in each case free and clear of all Liens except for Permitted Liens.
(b) Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, to the Knowledge of the Funds, (i) neither Fund, nor any Fund Subsidiary, nor any other party to any material agreement, including any mortgage, deed of trust, ground lease, and tenancy-in-common agreements, affecting any Property (other than a Hotel Lease (as hereinafter defined)), is in breach or default of any such agreement, (ii) no event has occurred or has been threatened in writing, which with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would, individually or together with all such other events, constitute a default under any such agreement, or would, individually or together with all such other events, reasonably be expected to cause the acceleration of any material obligation of any party thereto or the creation of a Lien upon any asset of a Fund or any Fund Subsidiary, except for Permitted Liens, and (iii) all agreements affecting any Property required for the continued use, occupancy, management, leasing and operation of such Property (other than Hotel Leases) are valid and binding and in full force and effect, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
(c) To the Knowledge of the Funds, as presently operated, none of the operation of the buildings, fixtures and other improvements comprising a part of the Properties (including parking lots and garages) is in violation of any applicable federal, state or local building code, fire, health and safety code, zoning ordinance or other land use Law, including the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (43 U.S.C.A. §§ 12-101 et. seq.), except for such violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
(d) Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, to the Knowledge of the Funds, (i) each of the leases (and all amendments thereto or modifications thereof) between the Fund Subsidiaries relating to the operation of the improvements on each Property (collectively, the Hotel Leases) is valid and binding and in full force and effect, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity, (ii) neither Fund, nor any Fund Subsidiary, nor any other party to any Hotel Lease, is in breach or default of any Hotel Lease, and (iii) no event has occurred or has been threatened in writing, which with or without the passage of time or the giving of notice, or both, would, individually or together with all such other events, constitute a default under any Hotel Lease or would permit termination, modification or acceleration under such Hotel Lease.
Section 5.10 Insurance. The Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries have in place the public liability, casualty and other insurance coverage with respect to each Property as required under the Hotel Leases, Franchise Agreements and all other agreements related to the use and operation of each Property, including flood insurance where applicable, and as the Funds reasonably deem necessary. Each of the insurance policies with respect to each Property is in full force and effect in all material respects and all premiums due and payable thereunder have been fully paid when due. To the Knowledge of the Funds, neither Fund nor the Fund Subsidiaries have received from any insurance company any notices of cancellation or intent to cancel any insurance.
Section 5.11 Environmental Matters. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, to the Knowledge of the Funds, (a) the Funds and the Fund Subsidiaries are in compliance with all Environmental Laws, (b) neither Fund nor any Fund Subsidiary has received any written notice from any Governmental Authority or third party alleging that either Funds, any Fund Subsidiary or any Property is not in compliance with applicable Environmental Laws, and (c) no hazardous substance has been released, buried, dumped, placed or disposed on, in or under, or is migrating onto any of the Properties that is not in accordance with all Environmental Laws or would require investigation or remediation under applicable Environmental Laws. The representations and warranties contained in this Section 5.11 constitute the sole and exclusive representations and warranties made by the Funds concerning environmental matters.
Section 5.12 Eminent Domain. There is no existing or, to the Knowledge of the Funds, proposed or threatened condemnation, eminent domain or similar proceeding, or private purchase in lieu of such a proceeding, which would affect any of the Properties, except for such proceedings that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.13 Franchise Agreements; Management Agreements. The franchise agreements set forth on Schedule 5.13(a) (the Franchise Agreements) are the only hotel franchise agreements in effect for any Property. The property management agreements set forth on Schedule 5.13(b) (the Property Management Agreements) are the only property management agreements in effect for any Property. To Knowledge of the Funds, no party to any Franchise Agreement or any Property Management Agreement is in breach or default of any such agreement, except for such breach or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.14 Taxes.
(a) The Funds and each Fund Subsidiary have timely and properly filed all Tax returns and reports required to be filed by it (after giving effect to any filing extension properly granted by a Governmental Authority having authority to do so), and all such returns and reports are accurate and complete in all material respects, and has paid (or had paid on its behalf) all Taxes as required to be paid by it. No income or material non-income Tax returns filed by the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries are the
subject of a pending or ongoing audit. Except as would not have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, no deficiencies for any Taxes have been proposed, asserted or assessed against the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries, and no requests for waivers of the time to assess any such Taxes are pending. Each Fund is and has always been treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.
(b) Each of the Main Subsidiary REIT and the Parallel Subsidiary REIT (i) for the taxable years commencing with its taxable year ended December 31, 2007 through its taxable year ended December 31, 2010 was subject to taxation as a real estate investment trust (a REIT) within the meaning of Sections 856-860 of the Code and has satisfied all requirements to qualify as a REIT for such years, and (ii) has operated since December 31, 2010 to the date hereof, and intends to continue to operate until the Closing, in such a manner as would permit it to continue to qualify as a REIT for the taxable year of this Agreement.
Section 5.15 Litigation. Except for actions, suits or proceedings covered by policies of insurance (other than with respect to a deductible or self-insured retention), there is no action, suit or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of the Funds, threatened against either Fund or any Fund Subsidiary which, if adversely determined, would reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect. There is no action, suit, or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of the Funds, threatened against either Fund or any Fund Subsidiary which challenges or impairs the ability of the Funds to execute or deliver, or materially perform their obligations under this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation or to consummate the transactions hereby or thereby, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Section 5.16 No Insolvency Proceedings. No bankruptcy or similar insolvency proceeding has been filed, or is currently contemplated, with respect to either Fund or any Fund Subsidiary.
ARTICLE 6.
NATURE OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.
Section 6.1 No Implied Representations or Warranties.
(a) Other than the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Article 3, New REIT is not making, and is expressly disclaiming, all other representations and warranties in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
(b) Other than the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Article 4, the General Partner is not making, and is expressly disclaiming, all other representations and warranties in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
(c) Other than the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Article 5, the Funds are not making, and are expressly disclaiming, all other representations and warranties in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 6.2 Survival of Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties set forth in (a) Articles 3 and 4 shall terminate immediately upon the Closing and (b) Article 5 shall terminate on the first anniversary of the Closing.
ARTICLE 7.
COVENANTS
Section 7.1 Affirmative Covenants. From the date hereof through the Closing Date, and except in connection with the Consolidation Transactions, the Funds shall use commercially reasonable efforts to preserve intact their and the Fund Subsidiaries current business organizations and preserve its relationships with customers, suppliers, advertisers and others having business dealings with it, in each case consistent with past practice. In connection with the foregoing, the Funds shall, and shall cause each of the Fund Subsidiaries to, unless required by Law or necessary (a) to preserve either of the Old REITs status as a REIT, or (b) to qualify or preserve the status of any other Fund Subsidiary as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, as a qualified REIT subsidiary under Section 856(i) of the Code, or as a taxable REIT subsidiary under Section 856(l) of the Code, as the case may be (in which event the applicable Old REIT or the applicable other Fund Subsidiary shall not fail to make such election in a timely manner), neither (x) make or rescind any express or deemed election relative to Taxes, nor (y) change any of its methods of reporting income or deductions for federal income Tax purposes from those employed in the preparation of its income Tax returns that have been filed for prior taxable years.
Section 7.2 Negative Covenants of the Funds. From the date hereof through the Closing Date, and except in connection with the Consolidation Transactions, the Funds shall not, nor shall they permit any Fund Subsidiary to, in each case without the prior written consent of New REIT:
(a) (i) declare, set aside or pay any distributions in respect of any of the Interests, other than (x) distributions at the stated dividend or distribution rates with respect to the Preferred Units and (y) distributions required for the Main Subsidiary REIT and the Parallel Subsidiary REIT to maintain status as a REIT under the Code, to avoid the incurrence of any taxes under Section 857 of the Code and to avoid the imposition of any excise taxes under Section 4981 of the Code, (ii) issue or authorize the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for any Interests or make any other changes to the equity capital structure of either Fund or any Fund Subsidiary, or (iii) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Interests or equity ownership interests of any of the Fund Subsidiaries;
(b) issue, deliver, sell, pledge or otherwise encumber any equity interests in any of the Fund Subsidiaries;
(c) amend its Organizational Documents;
(d) adopt a plan of liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or reorganization;
(e) materially alter the manner of keeping the Funds or the Fund Subsidiaries books, accounts or records or the accounting practices therein reflected; or
(f) authorize, commit or agree to take any of the foregoing actions.
Section 7.3 Commercially Reasonable Efforts. New REIT, the General Partner and each Fund shall use commercially reasonable efforts and cooperate with each other in (i) promptly determining whether any filings are required to be made or consents, approvals, waivers, permits or authorizations are required to be obtained (under any applicable Law or regulation or from any Governmental Authority or third party) in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and (ii) promptly making (or causing to be made) any such filings, in furnishing information required in connection therewith and in timely seeking to obtain any such consents, approvals, waivers, permits and authorizations.
ARTICLE 8.
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
Section 8.1 Tax Matters.
(a) New REIT shall on its first federal income Tax return elect to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes effective for its short taxable year commencing with the effective date of its election to be taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and ending on December 31, 2011.
(b) Each Fund shall and, where applicable, the Funds shall cause the Fund Subsidiaries to, timely file or cause to be timely filed when due all Tax returns required to be filed by or with respect to such Person on or prior to the Closing Date and shall pay or cause to be paid all Taxes shown due thereon. All such Tax returns (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any amended Tax returns) shall be prepared in a manner consistent with past practice, except as otherwise required by applicable Law.
(c) New REIT shall prepare or cause to be prepared and file or cause to be filed all Tax returns of each Fund and each Fund Subsidiary that are due after the Closing Date. All such Tax returns (including, for the avoidance of doubt, any amended Tax returns) shall be prepared in a manner consistent with past practice, except as otherwise required by applicable Law.
(d) New REIT and each Fund will each use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers to qualify, and will use its reasonable best efforts not to, and not to permit or cause any of their respective Subsidiaries to, take any action that could reasonably be expected to prevent or impede the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Fund Mergers from qualifying as a reorganization of each of the Old REITs within the meaning of Section 368 of the Code, coupled with a liquidation of each of the Aggregate Funds for federal income tax purposes.
(e) Unless otherwise required pursuant to a determination within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of the Code, New REIT, each Fund and each Old REIT shall report the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers as a reorganization of each of the Old REITs within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(A) of the Code for federal income tax purposes, coupled with a liquidation of each of the Funds for federal income tax purposes.
(f) Following the Primary Fund Mergers and Secondary Mergers, New REIT will comply with the record-keeping and information filing requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.368-3.
Section 8.2 Withholding Certificate. Prior to Closing, each Fund shall deliver to New REIT such forms and certificates, duly executed and acknowledged, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to New REIT (including any relevant forms or certificates provided to the Funds by the holders of Interests),certifying that the payment of consideration in respect of such Fund pursuant to the Primary Fund Mergers is exempt from withholding under Section 1445 of the Code and any similar withholding rules under applicable state, local or foreign Tax Laws.
ARTICLE 9.
CONDITIONS TO CLOSING
Section 9.1 Conditions to New REITs and the Funds Obligations to Close. The obligations of New REIT and the Funds to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to the
fulfillment of the following conditions at or prior to the Closing (unless waived in whole or in part by New REIT or the Funds, respectively, in their respective sole discretion):
(a) No order, statute, rule, regulation, executive order, injunction, stay, decree or restraining order shall have been enacted, entered, promulgated or enforced by any court of competent jurisdiction or other Governmental Authority that prohibits the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, and no action, suit or proceeding seeking such an order shall be pending or threatened;
(b) Each of the consents identified on Schedule 9.1(b) shall have been obtained and shall be in full force and effect;
(c) The Registration Statement shall have become effective under the Securities Act, and shall not be the subject of any stop order or other action, suit or proceeding by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC);
(d) Other than consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, all conditions precedent to (i) the closing of the IPO; (ii) the closing of the other Primary Mergers and (iii) the closing of the Secondary Mergers shall have been satisfied or irrevocably and unconditionally waived;
(e) New REIT shall have received (i) an opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to New REIT, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that, commencing with their taxable years ended December 31, 2007, (A) each of the Old REITs has been organized and has operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code, and (B) each of the Funds has been since its formation, and continues to be, treated for federal income tax purposes as a partnership and not as a corporation or association taxable as a corporation (with customary exceptions, assumptions and qualifications and based upon customary representations), and (ii) an opinion of Hogan Lovells US LLP or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to New REIT, dated as of the Closing Date, to the effect that New REIT has been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and New REITs current organization and proposed method of operation (as described in representations provided by New REIT), giving effect to the Integrated Mergers, will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for the portion of its taxable year commencing at or about the time of Closing and ending December 31, 2011, and for future taxable years (with customary exceptions, assumptions and qualifications and based upon customary representations and based upon and subject to the opinion of counsel to the Funds described in clause (i) above); and
(f) New REIT shall have received an opinion from Hogan Lovells US LLP or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to New REIT, dated as of the Closing Date, based upon customary certificates and letters, which letters and certificates are to be in a form to be agreed upon by the parties and dated the Closing Date, to the effect that each of the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers should qualify as a reorganization under the provisions of Section 368(a) of the Code.
Section 9.2 Conditions to New REITs Obligation to Close. The obligations of New REIT to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to the fulfillment of the following conditions at or prior to the Closing (unless waived in whole or in part by New REIT, in its sole and absolute discretion):
(a) There shall not have occurred between the date hereof and the Closing Date any Fund Material Adverse Effect or any Other Fund Material Adverse Effect;
(b) Except as would not have a Fund Material Adverse Effect, the representations and warranties contained in Articles 4 and 5 shall be true and correct as of the Closing as if made at that time (except to the extent that any representation or warranty speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation or warranty must have been true and correct only as of that date); and
(c) The obligations and covenants of the Funds and the General Partner contained in this Agreement to be performed on or prior to the Closing Date shall have been duly performed in all material respects on or prior to the Closing Date.
Section 9.3 Conditions to the Funds Obligation to Close. The obligations of the Funds to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to the fulfillment of the following conditions at or prior to the Closing (unless waived in whole or in part by both Funds, in their respective sole and absolute discretion):
(a) There shall not have occurred between the date hereof and the Closing Date any Other Fund Material Adverse Effect;
(b) Except as would not be reasonably likely to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect, the representations and warranties contained in Article 3 shall be true and correct as of the Closing as if made at that time (except to the extent that any representation or warranty speaks as of an earlier date, in which case such representation or warranty must have been true and correct only as of that date);
(c) The obligations and covenants of New REIT contained in this Agreement to be performed on or prior to the Closing Date shall have been duly performed in all material respects on or prior to the Closing Date; and
(d) Effective at least one Business Day prior to the Closing, New REIT shall have filed with the Internal Revenue Service an election to be taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.
ARTICLE 10.
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 10.1 Indemnification. From and after the Closing Date, New REIT and its directors, shareholders, officers, employees, partners, agents, representatives and Affiliates (each of which is a New REIT Indemnified Party) shall be entitled to recover from the Holdback Fund the amount of any and all charges, complaints, claims, actions, causes of action, losses, damages, liabilities and expenses of any nature whatsoever, including without limitation, amounts paid in settlement, reasonable attorneys fees, costs of investigation, costs of investigative judicial or administrative proceedings or appeals therefrom and costs of attachment or similar bonds (collectively, Losses) arising out of or relating to, asserted against, imposed upon or incurred by any New REIT Indemnified Party in connection with or as a result of any breach of a representation or warranty contained in Article 5 or breach of a covenant of the Funds, in each case, contained in this Agreement or in any schedule, exhibit, certificate or affidavit or any other document delivered pursuant to this Agreement (each, an Indemnity Claim).
Section 10.2 Claims.
(a) At the time when a New REIT Indemnified Party learns of any Indemnity Claim, New REIT will promptly give written notice (a Claim Notice) to the General Partner; provided that the failure to so notify shall not prevent recovery under this Agreement, except to the extent that any potential defense to such claim shall have been prejudiced by such failure. Each Claim Notice shall describe in
reasonable detail the facts known to the applicable New REIT Indemnified Party giving rise to such Indemnity Claim. New REIT shall deliver to the General Partner, promptly after any New REIT Indemnified Partys receipt thereof, copies of all notices and documents (including court papers) received by such New REIT Indemnified Party relating to any Indemnity Claim based on claims asserted by third parties (Third Party Claim); provided that failure to do so shall not prevent recovery under this Agreement, except to the extent that any potential defense to such claim shall have been prejudiced by such failure. New REIT may, at its option, demand indemnity under this Article 10 as soon as an Indemnity Claim has been threatened by a third party, regardless of whether an actual Loss has been suffered, so long as New REIT shall in good faith determine that such claim is not frivolous and that the New REIT Indemnified Party may be liable for, or otherwise incur, a Loss as a result thereof.
(b) The General Partner shall be entitled to elect to assume and control the defense of any Third Party Claim, through counsel chosen by the General Partner and reasonably acceptable to New REIT, if it gives written notice of its intention to do so to New REIT within thirty (30) days of the receipt of the applicable Claim Notice; provided, however, that New REIT may at all times participate in such defense at its own expense. Without limiting the foregoing, if the General Partner exercises the right to undertake any such defense against a Third Party Claim, New REIT shall cooperate with the General Partner in such defense and make available to the General Partner, at the General Partners expense, all witnesses, pertinent records, materials and information in the possession of, or under the control of, any New REIT Indemnified Party relating thereto as is reasonably required by the General Partner. No compromise or settlement of such Third Party Claim may be effected by either New REIT, on the one hand, or the General Partner, on the other hand, without the other partys consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed) unless (i) there is no finding or admission of any violation of Law and no effect on any other claims that may be made against a New REIT Indemnified Party or against the Holdback Fund, (ii) each party that is party to such claim is released from all liability with respect to such claim, and (iii) there is no equitable order, judgment or term that in any manner affects, restrains or interferes with the business of New REIT or any of New REITs Affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the compromise or settlement of such Third Party Claim could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the status of New REIT as a real investment trust within the meaning of Section 856 of the Code, then New REIT shall make such decision to compromise or settle the Third Party Claim without the need to obtain the other partys consent. All costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner pursuant to this Section 10.2(b) shall be reimbursed from the Holdback Fund in accordance with Section 10.9.
Section 10.3 Payment of Indemnity Claims. Upon resolution of any Indemnity Claim or portion of such a claim, or any claim of the General Partner arising under Section 10.9(c), each as evidenced by a written instruction of the General Partner, in which an officer of the General Partner certifies that the instruction has been approved by either (a) the General Partner or (b) a final, non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction, New REIT shall release to itself from the Holdback Fund: (x) a number of Holdback Shares equal to the lesser of (i) the number of Holdback Shares remaining in the Holdback Fund at such time and (ii) the number of Holdback Shares resulting from dividing (A) the product of (1) the Holdback Share Allocation, multiplied by (2) the amount of such claim or portion of such claim as set forth in such instruction (the Claim Amount), by (B) the closing price of New REITs common shares on the day of the resolution of such claim pursuant to this Section 10.3, and (y) an amount of cash equal to the lesser of (i) the balance of the Holdback Cash remaining in the Holdback Fund at such time and (ii) the product of (A) (1) 100%, minus (2) the Holdback Share Allocation, multiplied by (B) the Claim Amount. All Holdback Shares released pursuant to this Section 10.3 shall be cancelled as soon as practicable after such release.
Section 10.4 Release of the Holdback Fund.
(a) Within fifteen (15) days after the six-month anniversary of the Closing Date, the New REIT shall prepare a summary setting forth a list of outstanding Indemnity Claims (including any previously paid Indemnity Claims), together with a good faith estimate of the maximum value (expressed in dollars) of each such Indemnity Claim and the aggregate amount of such values that would be allocated against the Holdback Fund in accordance with Sections 10.2 and 10.3 if the actual amount of Losses subject to indemnification pursuant to this Article 10 were equal to such good faith estimate of the maximum value such Indemnity Clams. As soon as reasonably practicable after the completion of such report:
(i) if (A) (1) the aggregate number of Holdback Shares in the Holdback Fund at such time, minus (2) the aggregate number of Holdback Shares allocated to outstanding indemnity claims in accordance with the good faith estimate made pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence exceeds (B) the product of 50%, multiplied by the aggregate number of Holdback Shares initially deposited in the Holdback Fund pursuant to Section 1.9, then the New REIT shall release from the Holdback Fund the number of Holdback Shares equal to such excess, which such shares shall be distributed to each Participant according to such Participants pro rata interest in the Holdback Shares, based on the aggregate contributions of each Person pursuant to Section 1.9, rounded down to the nearest whole share; and
(ii) if (A) (1) the aggregate amount of Holdback Cash at such time, minus (2) the aggregate value allocated against the Holdback Cash in accordance with the good faith estimate made pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence exceeds (B) 50%, multiplied by the aggregate amount of Holdback Cash initially deposited in the Holdback Fund pursuant to Section 1.9, then the New REIT shall release from the Holdback Fund the amount of Holdback Cash equal to such excess, which such cash shall be distributed to each Participant according to such Participants pro rata interest in the Holdback Cash, based on the aggregate contributions of each Person pursuant to Section 1.9.
(b) Within ten (10) days after the Expiration Date, and at the end of each calendar quarter thereafter while any Holdback Shares or Holdback Cash remains in the Holdback Fund, New REIT shall prepare a summary setting forth a list of outstanding Indemnity Claims, together with a good faith estimate of the maximum value (expressed in dollars) of each such Indemnity Claim and the aggregate amount of such values that would be allocated against the Holdback Fund in accordance with Sections 10.2 and 10.3 if the actual amount of Losses subject to indemnification pursuant to this Article 10 were equal to such good faith estimate of the maximum value such Indemnity Clams. As soon as reasonably practicable after the completion of such report, New REIT shall release to each Participant such Participants pro rata interest, based on the aggregate contributions of each Person pursuant to Section 1.9, of (i) the Holdback Shares, rounded down to the nearest whole share, and (ii) the Holdback Cash, in each case, in excess of the aggregate value allocated against the Holdback Shares and the Holdback Cash in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.
(c) New REIT will create a ledger setting forth the number of Holdback Shares and the amount of Holdback Cash contributed by each Participant, and New REIT will update such ledger upon the cancellation or release of any Holdback Shares or Holdback Cash pursuant to Sections 10.3 or 10.4.
Section 10.5 Earnings. All dividends and distributions made by the New REIT in respect of the Holdback Shares, whether in cash, additional New REIT Shares or other property, shall not be part of the Holdback Fund and, instead, shall be property of the Participants. All such dividends and
distributions shall be distributed as soon as reasonably practicable by New REIT to the applicable Participants, pro rata according to the contributions of Holdback Shares of each applicable Participant to the Holdback Fund pursuant to Section 1.9.
Section 10.6 Voting. Each Participant shall have the right to vote all Holdback Shares contributed by such Participant to the Holdback Fund pursuant to Section 1.9 until such time as any such Holdback Shares are released and thereby forfeited and cancelled pursuant to Section 10.3. New REIT will forward to each Participant all notices of meetings, proxy statements and reports to shareholders in respect of Holdback Shares of that Participant, and will either (i) vote the Holdback Shares held on such Participants behalf only in accordance with written instructions received from such Participant, or (ii) forward to such Participant a signed proxy (with power of substitution) enabling the Participant to vote such Holdback Shares.
Section 10.7 Limitations on Liability. The obligation of any party to indemnify the New REIT Indemnified Parties shall be subject to the following limitations:
(a) Representations and warranties shall only survive as set forth in Section 6.2 hereof and covenants contained in this Agreement shall survive after the Effective Time until the first anniversary of the Closing Date (the Expiration Date). If written notice of a claim has been given prior to the Expiration Date, then the relevant representation, warranty and covenant shall survive, but only with respect to such specific claim, until such claim has been finally resolved. Any claim for indemnification not so asserted in writing by the Expiration Date, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, may not thereafter be asserted and shall forever be waived.
(b) The New REIT Indemnified Parties shall only be entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article 10 to the extent all Losses exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate.
(c) No New REIT Indemnified Party may make a Indemnity Claim directly under this Agreement. All Indemnity Claims shall be asserted by New REIT on behalf of the New REIT Indemnified Party.
(d) The sole and exclusive remedy of the New REIT Indemnified Parties with respect to Indemnity Claims and any and all other claims arising out of this Agreement (other than those arising out of fraud) shall be recovery from the Holdback Fund in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Except as expressly contemplated by Sections 1.8 and 1.9 of this Agreement, no party to this Agreement, or any other Participant, shall be liable or obligated to make payments under this Agreement other than forfeiture, if any, of any portion of a Holdback Fund.
Section 10.8 Characterization of Holdback Releases. Any release from the Holdback Fund pursuant to this Article 10 shall constitute an adjustment of the Merger Consideration received by a Participant for Tax purposes and shall be treated as such by all parties on their Tax returns to the extent permitted by Law.
Section 10.9 General Partners Power and Authority.
(a) The General Partner has the exclusive power and authority to act for and on behalf of the Funds and all of the Participants after the Closing in connection with all indemnity matters arising under this Article 10. The General Partner shall have the sole and exclusive authority to defend, settle or authorize claims against the Holdback Fund, and authorize the release of Holdback Shares and Holdback Cash pursuant to Sections 10.3 and 10.4.
(b) For purposes of this Article 10, a decision, act, consent, election or instruction of the General Partner shall be deemed to be authorized if approved in writing by the General Partner, and New REIT and the New REIT Indemnified Parties may rely upon such decision, act, consent, election or instruction as provided in this Section 10.9 as being the decision, act, consent, election or instruction of the General Partner. New REIT and the New REIT Indemnified Parties, including their respective directors, officers, employees, agents and representatives, are hereby relieved from any liability to any person for any acts done in accordance with such decision, act, consent, election or instruction. The General Partner may from time to time by written notice to New REIT appoint a representative or representatives to exercise such powers with respect to one or more claims as may be delegated by the General Partner.
(c) The General Partner shall have no liability for any action taken in good faith pursuant to this Article X and shall be indemnified from the Holdback Fund (to the extent available) for all Losses arising out of action taken pursuant to Article X, except for its own gross negligence and actions taken by it in bad faith.
ARTICLE 11.
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 11.1 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and it will not be necessary in making proof of this Agreement or the terms of this Agreement to produce or account for more than one of such counterparts. All counterparts shall constitute one and the same instrument. Each party may execute this Agreement via a facsimile (or transmission of a .pdf file) of this Agreement. In addition, facsimile or .pdf signatures of authorized signatories of the parties shall be valid and binding and delivery of a facsimile or .pdf signature by any party shall constitute due execution and delivery of this Agreement.
Section 11.2 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal Laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to the choice of laws provisions thereof; provided, however, that any provisions of this Agreement that relate to the internal governance or affairs of the Funds shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal Laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to choice of laws provisions thereof.
Section 11.3 Amendment; Waiver. Any amendment hereto shall be in writing and signed by all parties hereto. No waiver of any provisions of this Agreement shall be valid unless in writing and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought. The waiver by any party of the performance of any act shall not operate as a waiver of the performance of any other act or an identical act required to be performed at a later time. Except as otherwise provided herein, no action taken pursuant to this Agreement, including any investigation by or on behalf of any party, shall be deemed to constitute a waiver by the party taking such action of compliance with any representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement.
Section 11.4 Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the exhibits and schedules hereto constitute the entire agreement and supersede conflicting provisions set forth in all other prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, as the case may be.
Section 11.5 Assignability. This Agreement and all of the provisions hereof shall be binding upon, and shall be enforceable by and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and permitted assigns and any reference to a party shall also be a reference to an heir, legal representative, successor or permitted assign; provided, however, that this
Agreement may not be assigned (except by operation of Law) by any party without the prior written consent of the other parties, and any attempted assignment without such consent shall be void and of no effect.
Section 11.6 Titles. The titles and captions of the Articles, Sections and paragraphs of this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and shall have no effect on the construction or meaning of this Agreement.
Section 11.7 Third Party Beneficiary. No provision of this Agreement is intended, nor shall it be interpreted, to provide or create any third party beneficiary rights or any other rights of any kind in any customer, affiliate, shareholder, partner, member, director, officer or employee of any party hereto or any other Person. All provisions hereof shall be personal solely among the parties to this Agreement.
Section 11.8 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement, or the application thereof, is for any reason held to any extent to be invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement and application of such provision to other Persons or circumstances will be interpreted so as reasonably to effect the intent of the parties hereto. The parties further agree to replace such void or unenforceable provision of this Agreement with a valid and enforceable provision that will achieve, to the extent possible, the economic, business and other purposes of the void or unenforceable provision and to execute any amendment, consent or agreement deemed necessary or desirable by New REIT to effect such replacement. To the extent permitted by applicable Law, the parties waive any provision of applicable Law which renders any provision of this Agreement unenforceable in any respect.
Section 11.9 Interpretation. This Agreement shall be read and construed in the English language. As used in this Agreement, any reference to the masculine, feminine or neuter gender shall include all genders, the plural shall include the singular, and singular shall include the plural. References herein to a party or other Person include their respective successors and assigns. The words include, includes and including when used herein shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase without limitation unless such phrase otherwise appears. Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to articles, sections, schedules, exhibits and attachments shall be deemed references to articles and sections of, and schedules, exhibits and attachments to, this Agreement. Unless the context otherwise requires, the words hereof, hereby and herein and words of similar meaning when used in this Agreement refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular article, section or provision hereof. Except when used together with the word either or otherwise for the purpose of identifying mutually exclusive alternatives, the term or has the inclusive meaning represented by the phrase and/or. Any deadline or time period set forth in this Agreement that by its terms ends on a day that is not a Business Day shall be automatically extended to the next succeeding Business Day. All references in this Agreement to dollars or $ shall mean United States dollars. With regard to each and every term and condition of this Agreement, the parties understand and agree that the same have or has been mutually negotiated, prepared and drafted, and that if at any time the parties desire or are required to interpret or construe any such term or condition or any agreement or instrument subject thereto, no consideration shall be given to the issue of which party actually prepared, drafted or requested any term or condition of this Agreement.
Section 11.10 Notices. All notices, requests, demands, waivers and communications required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing signed by or on behalf of the party making such notice, request, demand, waiver or communication and shall be deemed to be given (i) on the day delivered (or if that day is not a Business Day, or if delivered after the close of business on a Business Day, on the next day that is a Business Day) when delivered by personal delivery or overnight courier, (ii) on the third Business Day after mailed by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, or (iii) upon transmission when sent by facsimile transmission or email transmission
(provided that such facsimile or email is followed by an original of such notice by mail or personal delivery as provided herein). Mailed notices shall be addressed as set forth below, but any party may change the address set forth below by written notice to other parties in accordance with this paragraph.
If to New REIT:
RLJ Lodging Trust
3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 1000
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Attention: Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr.
Facsimile: (301) 280-7787
Email: tbaltimore@rljhotels.com
If to the Funds:
RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P.
RLJ Real Estate Fund III (PF #1), L.P.
3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 1000
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Attention: Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr.
Facsimile: (301) 280-7787
Email: tbaltimore@rljhotels.com
If to the General Partner:
RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC
3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 1000
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Attention: Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr.
Facsimile: (301) 280-7787
Email: tbaltimore@rljhotels.com
Section 11.11 Equitable Remedies. The parties agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with the specific terms hereof or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof in any federal or state court located in the State of Maryland (as to which the parties agree to submit to jurisdiction for the purpose of such action), this being in addition to any other remedy to which the parties are entitled under this Agreement.
Section 11.12 Enforcement Costs. Should either party institute any action, suit or proceeding to enforce the terms of this Agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to receive all reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) incurred by such prevailing party in connection with such action, suit or proceeding. A party entitled to recover costs and expenses under this Section shall also be entitled to recover all costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) incurred in the enforcement of any judgment or settlement obtained in such action or proceeding (and in any such judgment provision shall be made for the recovery of such post-judgment costs and expenses).
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.
|
FUNDS | ||
|
| ||
|
RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership | ||
|
|
| |
|
|
By: |
RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, its general partner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
|
Its: President |
|
| ||
|
| ||
|
RLJ Real Estate Fund III (PF #1), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership | ||
|
| ||
|
|
By: |
RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, its general partner |
|
|
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
|
Its: President |
|
| ||
|
| ||
|
NEW REIT | ||
|
| ||
|
RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust | ||
|
|
| |
|
|
| |
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. | |
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. | |
|
|
Title: Chief Executive Officer | |
|
| ||
|
| ||
|
GENERAL PARTNER | ||
|
| ||
|
RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company | ||
|
| ||
|
|
| |
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. | |
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. | |
|
|
Its: President |
EXHIBIT A
TO
MERGER AGREEMENT
DEFINITIONS
For purposes of the Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:
Affiliate means, with respect to any Person, a Person that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, control (including, with correlative meanings, the terms controlled by and under common control with) as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise.
Aggregate Funds has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Agreement has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
Business Day means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday in the State of Maryland.
Certificates of Merger has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2 of this Agreement.
Claim Amount has the meaning set forth in Section 10.3 of this Agreement.
Claim Notice has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a) of this Agreement.
Closing has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.
Closing Date has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.
Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated or issued thereunder.
Combined LP Share means a percentage, where the numerator is the equity value attributable to all Limited Partner Interests in the aggregate, and the denominator is the aggregate equity value attributable to the Funds, the Other RLJ Funds and RLJ Development, as set forth on Schedule A-1.
Confidential Consent Solicitation Statement means the Confidential Consent Solicitation Statement of the Funds and the Other RLJ Funds, dated November 29, 2010, as modified, amended and supplemented by the Supplement, dated January 21, 2011.
Consolidation Transaction Documentation means all of the agreements and plans of merger (including this Agreement) and related documents and agreements pursuant to which the Funds, the Other RLJ Funds and RLJ Development and their respective Subsidiaries desire to conduct the Consolidation Transactions.
Consolidation Transactions means (i) the Primary Mergers; (ii) the Secondary Mergers and (iii) the merger of RLJ Lodging II Master, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and RLJ Real Estate III Master, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, with and into RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership of which the New REIT is the sole general partner.
Cost Sharing Percentage means, for each Fund, (i) the total asset value of the applicable Fund (i.e., the Main Fund), divided by (ii) the aggregate total asset value of all Aggregate Funds (i.e., Main Fund, Parallel Fund, Other Main Fund and Other Parallel Fund).
Costs has the meaning set forth in Section 1.8 of this Agreement.
Distributable Equity Value means (i) Gross Equity Value, minus (ii) Public Equity Value, minus (iii) an amount equal to all transaction costs incurred in connection with the Consolidation Transactions and the IPO.
Effective Time has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2 of this Agreement.
Eligible Investor means a Participant that, in the sole discretion of New REIT, (i) is an accredited investor within the meaning of Rule 501(a) of Regulation D under the Securities Act (Regulation D), (ii) is acquiring the New REIT Shares in a transaction exempt from registration pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D and (iii) has properly completed and returned to New REIT the Investor Questionnaire attached as Exhibit B to the Confidential Consent Solicitation Statement.
Environmental Laws means all federal, state and local Laws governing pollution or the protection of human health or the environment.
Expiration Date has the meaning set forth in Section 10.7(a) of this Agreement.
Franchise Agreements has the meaning set forth in Section 5.13 of this Agreement.
Fund Material Adverse Effect means any material adverse change in any of the assets, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operation or prospects of the Funds and all Fund Subsidiaries, taken together.
Fund Subsidiary has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 of this Agreement.
Funds has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
General Partner has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
General Partner Interest means all of the outstanding general partner interests in the Funds.
Governmental Authority means any government or agency, bureau, board, commission, court, department, official, political subdivision, tribunal or other instrumentality of any government, whether federal, state or local, domestic or foreign.
GP Share means the relative equity value attributable to the General Partner Interests as compared to the aggregate equity value attributable to the Funds, the Other RLJ Funds and RLJ Development as set forth on Schedule A-1.
Gross Equity Value means the estimated gross equity value of New REIT (net of indebtedness expected to be outstanding on the consummation of the Consolidation Transactions and the IPO after application of the net proceeds of the IPO, and excluding any shares issued under New REITs proposed equity incentive plan to members of New REITs senior management and other eligible individuals concurrently with the closing of the IPO), as estimated by New REIT in consultation with the investment banking firms managing the IPO shortly prior to commencing marketing activities relating to the IPO.
Holdback Cash has the meaning set forth in Section 1.9 of this Agreement.
Holdback Fund has the meaning set forth in Section 1.9 of this Agreement.
Holdback Percentage means the quotient, expressed as a percentage, obtained by dividing $25,000,000 by the Distributable Equity Value.
Holdback Share Allocation means a fraction, expressed as a percentage, (i) the numerator of which is the product of (A) the number of Holdback Shares initially retained by New REIT pursuant to Section 1.9(a), multiplied by (B) the IPO Price (such resulting product, the Holdback Share Value), and (ii) the denominator of which is the sum of (A) the Holdback Share Value, plus (B) the aggregate amount of Holdback Cash initially retained by New REIT pursuant to Section 1.9(b).
Holdback Shares has the meaning set forth in Section 1.9 of this Agreement.
Hotel Lease has the meaning set forth in Section 5.9(d) of this Agreement.
Indemnity Claim has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1 of this Agreement.
Individual LP Share means a Limited Partners pro rata equity interest in the Funds as set forth on Schedule A-2, to be delivered at signing; provided, however, that if capital contributions to Funds after the date hereof are made other than in accordance with the allocations set forth on Schedule A-2, the allocation set forth on such schedule shall be adjusted in accordance with the Funds Organizational Documents.
Integrated Mergers has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Interests means the General Partner Interests and the Limited Partner Interests.
IPO has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
IPO Price means the mid-point of the price range per New REIT Share, which mid-point and range will be determined by New REIT in consultation with the investment banking firms managing the IPO shortly prior to commencing marketing activities relating to the IPO, and which will be set forth in a preliminary prospectus relating to the IPO that will be filed with the SEC.
Knowledge means, (i) with respect to a representation of New REIT, the current, actual knowledge of New REITs directors and officers, after reasonable due inquiry and (ii) with respect to the Funds or the General Partner, the current, actual knowledge of the General Partners officers, after reasonable due inquiry.
Laws means laws, statutes, rules, regulations, codes, orders, ordinances, judgments, injunctions, decrees and policies of any Governmental Authority, including, without limitation, zoning, land use or other similar rules or ordinances.
Liens means all pledges, claims, liens, charges, restrictions, controls, easements, rights of way, exceptions, reservations, leases, licenses, grants, covenants and conditions, encumbrances and security interests of any kind or nature whatsoever.
Limited Partner Interests means all of the outstanding limited partner interests in the Funds.
Limited Partners means the holders of the Limited Partner Interests immediately prior to the Consolidation Transactions.
Losses has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1 of this Agreement.
Main Fund has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
Main Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Maryland REIT Law means Maryland REIT Law, as set forth in Title 8 of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland.
Merger has the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 of this Agreement.
Merger Consideration has the meaning set forth in Section 1.5(b) of this Agreement.
New REIT has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
New REIT Charter has the meaning set forth in Section 1.4 of this Agreement.
New REIT Indemnified Party has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1 of this Agreement.
New REIT Material Adverse Effect means any material adverse change in any of the assets, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operation or prospects of New REIT and its Subsidiaries taken together.
New REIT Share has the meaning set forth in Section 1.5(b) of this Agreement.
Old REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Organizational Documents means the certificate of formation, declaration of trust, certificate of incorporation and bylaws, certificate of limited partnership and limited partnership agreement, limited liability company agreement or operating agreement, of each Fund or Fund Subsidiary, as applicable.
Other Fund Material Adverse Effect means any material adverse change in any of the assets, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operation or prospects of the Other Main Fund and the Other Parallel Fund and all of their Subsidiaries, taken together.
Other Main Fund has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Other Main Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Other Parallel Fund has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Other Parallel Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Other RLJ Funds has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Parallel Fund has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
Parallel Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Participants means the holders of the Limited Partner Interests and the General Partner Interests immediately prior to the Consolidation Transactions.
Permitted Liens means (i) Liens, or deposits made to secure the release of such Liens, securing Taxes, the payment of which is not delinquent or the payment of which (including, without limitation, the amount or validity thereof) is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves have been made in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; (ii) zoning, entitlement, building and other land use Laws imposed by governmental agencies having jurisdiction over the Properties; (iii) covenants, conditions, restrictions, easements for public utilities, encroachments, rights of access or other non-monetary matters that do not materially impair the use of the Properties for the purposes for which they are currently being used or proposed to be used in connection with the relevant Persons business; (iv) Liens securing financing or credit arrangements existing as of the Closing Date; (v) Liens arising under leases in effect as of the Closing Date; (vi) any exceptions contained in any title policy (including any policy issued to a secured lender) relating to the Properties as of the Closing Date; (vii) mechanics, carriers, workers, repairers and similar Liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business that are not yet due and payable and which are not, in the aggregate, material to the business, operations and financial condition of the Properties so encumbered; and (viii) any matters that would not have a Fund Material Adverse Effect.
Person means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity.
Preferred Units means the 12.5% Class A Cumulative Redeemable Non-Voting Preferred Units issued by each of the Old REITs.
Primary Fund Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Primary Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Property has the meaning set forth in Section 5.2 of this Agreement.
Property Management Agreements has the meaning set forth in Section 5.13 of this Agreement.
Public Equity Value means the estimated equity value of the New REIT Shares issued by New REIT to the investors in the IPO (excluding any New REIT Shares issued or issuable under awards made by New REIT at the time of the IPO pursuant to New REITs equity incentive plan and any New REIT Shares issued to equity holders in the RLJ Entities as consideration in the Consolidation Transactions and before taking into account any expenses of the IPO or the Consolidation Transactions), as estimated by New REIT in consultation with the investment banking firms managing the IPO shortly prior to commencing marketing activities relating to the IPO.
Registration Statement has the meaning set forth in the introduction to Article 3 of this Agreement.
REIT has the meaning set forth in Section 5.14(b) of this Agreement.
RLJ Development has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
RLJ Entity means a Fund, an Other RLJ Fund or RLJ Development, as applicable. As used herein, RLJ Entities refer to each RLJ Entity, collectively.
RLJ Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
SEC has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1(c) of this Agreement.
Secondary Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Subsidiary of any Person means any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other legal entity of which such Person owns (either directly or through or together with another Subsidiary of such Person) either (i) a general partner, managing member or other similar interest, or (ii)(A) ten percent (10%) or more of the voting power of the voting capital stock or other equity interests, or (B) ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting capital stock or other voting equity interests of such corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or other legal entity.
Surviving Entity has the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 of this Agreement.
Tax means all federal, state, local and foreign income, gross receipts, license, property, withholding, sales, franchise, employment, payroll, goods and services, stamp, environmental, customs duties, capital stock, social security, transfer, alternative minimum, excise and other taxes, tariffs or governmental charges of any nature whatsoever, including estimated taxes, together with penalties, interest or additions to Tax with respect thereto, whether or not disputed.
Third Party Claim has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a) of this Agreement.
Exhibit 2.3
CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
This CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT (including all exhibits and schedules hereto, this Agreement) is made and entered on February 1, 2011 by and between RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (New REIT), and RLJ Development LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (RLJ Development).
RECITALS
A. All capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in Exhibit A.
B. RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Fund II General Partner), is the general partner of (i) RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Fund II Main Fund), and (ii) RLJ Lodging Fund II (PF #1), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Fund II Parallel Fund and, together with the Fund II Main Fund, the Fund II Funds).
C. RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Fund III General Partner), is the general partner of (i) RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Fund III Main Fund), and (ii) RLJ Real Estate Fund III (PF #1), L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the Fund III Parallel Fund and, together with the Fund III Main Fund, the Fund III Funds). Each of the Fund II Funds and the Fund III Funds are sometimes individually referred to as an Aggregate Fund and collectively they are sometimes referred to as the Aggregate Funds.
D. (i) The Fund II Main Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Lodging II REIT, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Fund II Main Subsidiary REIT); (ii) the Fund II Parallel Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Lodging II REIT (PF #1), LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Fund II Parallel Subsidiary REIT); (iii) the Fund III Main Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Real Estate III REIT, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Fund III Main Subsidiary REIT); and (iv) the Fund III Parallel Fund owns all of the outstanding limited liability company interests (other than 125 Preferred Units) in RLJ Real Estate III REIT (PF #1), LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the Fund III Subsidiary REIT and, together with the Fund II Main Subsidiary REIT, the Fund III Main Subsidiary REIT and the Fund II Subsidiary REIT, the Old REITs).
E. Each of the Old REITs has elected to be taxed as a corporation and as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes pursuant to Section 856, et. seq. of the Code, and prior to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, New REIT will have elected to be taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.
F. The Consolidation Transactions relate to the proposed initial public offering (the IPO) of the New REIT Shares, following which New REIT will operate as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust under the applicable provisions of the Code.
G. The Aggregate Funds and RLJ Development have determined that it is in their respective best interests (i) that RLJ Development contribute substantially all of its assets to New REIT or its designee in exchange for shares of New REIT, on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein; (ii) that the Fund II Funds be merged with and into New REIT on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the applicable merger agreement, with New REIT surviving the merger and (iii) that the Fund III Funds be merged with and into New REIT on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the
applicable merger agreement, with New REIT surviving the merger (each of the transactions described in (ii) and (iii), a Primary Fund Merger, the transaction described in (i) above, the RLJ Contribution, and, collectively, the Primary Transactions).
H. Immediately following the Primary Transactions, and as an integrated step with the Primary Fund Mergers, New REIT shall cause each Old REIT to merge with and into New REIT, with New REIT surviving each of the mergers (each, a Secondary Merger and, collectively, the Secondary Mergers, and the Secondary Mergers together with the Primary Transactions, the Integrated Transactions). Each of the Preferred Units will be cancelled in exchange for cash in the Secondary Mergers, and all of the remaining limited liability company interests in the Old REITs held by the applicable Fund or Other RLJ Fund will be cancelled for no consideration.
I. The Aggregate Funds and RLJ Development intend that the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers constitute integrated steps in a single plan and that the Primary Fund Mergers and Secondary Mergers constitute a reorganization of each of the Old REITs under section 368(a)(1)(A) of the Code, coupled with a liquidation of each of the Aggregate Funds for federal income tax purposes.
J. Following the Integrated Transactions, New REIT will continue to conduct the business previously conducted by each of the Old REITs and RLJ Development.
K. The board of trustees of New REIT and the Class A and Class B members of RLJ Development have determined that it is advisable and in the best interest of New REIT and RLJ Development, respectively, to proceed with the Integrated Transactions, and have approved and authorized the Integrated Transactions, and each has obtained any necessary shareholder or member approval, as applicable, in accordance with Maryland REIT Law, as set forth in Title 8 of the Corporations and Associations Articles of the Annotated Code of Maryland, New REITs declaration of trust, the Delaware Limited Liability Company Act and RLJ Developments Organizational Documents, as applicable.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing premises and the mutual undertakings set forth below and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto agree as follows:
ARTICLE 1.
THE CONTRIBUTION
Section 1.1 Contributed Assets. At the Effective Time, and subject to and upon the terms and conditions of this Agreement and in accordance with applicable Laws, RLJ Development agrees to contribute, transfer, convey, assign and deliver to New REIT or its designee, or cause to be contributed, transferred, conveyed, assigned and delivered to New REIT or its designee, and New REIT agrees to accept, or cause to be accepted from RLJ Development, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens) all right, title and interest in, to and under the assets, properties, contracts, goodwill and other rights owned by RLJ Development or otherwise used or held for use by RLJ Development in its business (including, without limitation, assets held by or relating to the RLJ Benefit Plans), in each case, other than the Excluded Assets (the Contributed Assets).
Section 1.2 Excluded Assets. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the Contributed Assets will not include: (a) any equity interest in any entity owned directly or indirectly by RLJ Development, including, without limitation, RLJ Developments equity interests, if any, in any RLJ Development Subsidiary, and, in each case, the businesses, operations, and assets thereof; (b)(i) any and all artwork used by or held for use by RLJ Development and (ii) any artwork, furnishings,
equipment or other assets located in the office suite of Robert L. Johnson, in the case of (b)(i) and (b)(ii), notwithstanding that such artwork, furnishings, equipment or other assets are not currently owned by, and have never been owned by, RLJ Development; (c) minute books, stock books, stock ledger and corporate seal and records and files, tax returns and related tax work papers, and such similar books and records of RLJ Development and any RLJ Development Subsidiary; (d) all rights in and to the name RLJ Development and RLJ Development, LLC; (e) all claims for refund of Taxes and other governmental charges, all Tax returns and all Tax identification numbers; (f) any cash and cash equivalents of RLJ Development as of the Closing; (g) all intercompany receivables, charges and credits owing to RLJ Development from any RLJ Development Subsidiary or any Affiliate of (x) RLJ Development or (y) any RLJ Development Subsidiary (in each case, excluding New REIT and its Subsidiaries); and (h) all rights of RLJ Development under this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documents (collectively, the Excluded Assets). The Excluded Assets are not part of the contribution contemplated by this Agreement and will be retained by RLJ Development and remain the property of RLJ Development following the Closing.
Section 1.3 Assumption of Assumed Liabilities. At the Effective Time and on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in this Agreement, New REIT or its designee agrees to assume all Liabilities (other than the Retained Liabilities) of RLJ Development arising out of, relating to or otherwise in respect of the ownership, control or operation of the Contributed Assets, whether arising prior to, on or after the Closing Date (including all Liabilities of RLJ Development arising out of, relating to or otherwise in respect of the RLJ Benefit Plans) (the Assumed Liabilities).
Section 1.4 Retained Liabilities. The following Liabilities of RLJ Development are not part of the contribution contemplated by this Agreement, will be retained by RLJ Development and remain the sole responsibility of RLJ Development following the Closing (such Liabilities, the Retained Liabilities):
(a) all Liabilities, whether arising prior to, on or after the Closing, to the extent arising out of, relating to or otherwise in respect of the ownership, management, control, operation or conduct of any Excluded Asset; and
(b) all Liabilities, whether arising prior to, on or after the Closing, to any member or any entity in which RLJ Development owns or has owned, directly or indirectly, any equity interest, including, without limitation, any RLJ Development Subsidiary.
Section 1.5 Consideration. The aggregate consideration (the Consideration) paid for the Contributed Assets shall consist of:
(a) a number of New REIT Shares equal to taking (A) the product which results from (1) multiplying the RLJ Development Share by (2) the Distributable Equity Value, and dividing it by (B) the IPO Price, rounded down to the nearest whole share; and
(b) assumption of the Assumed Liabilities.
Section 1.6 Transaction Costs. If the Closing occurs, all transaction costs and expenses of New REIT and the RLJ Entities in connection with the Consolidation Transactions and the IPO, which include, but are not limited to, all fees of professionals and underwriting discounts and commissions and all transfer taxes incurred in connection with the Integrated Transactions (collectively, the Costs), will be borne among all of the holders of equity interests in the Aggregate Funds and RLJ Development, pro rata according to consideration received in the applicable Primary Transaction. If the Closing does not
occur for any reason, the Aggregate Funds shall share, pro rata based on the total asset value of each Aggregate Fund as of January 21, 2011, the Costs.
Section 1.7 Holdback Fund. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, at the Effective Time, New REIT shall retain from the Consideration and place into a segregated escrow fund to satisfy the indemnification obligations pursuant to Article 9 (the Holdback Fund), a number of New REIT Shares, rounded down to the nearest whole share, equal to (a) the Holdback Percentage, times (b) the number of New REIT Shares to be issued to RLJ Development pursuant to Section 1.5(a) (such shares, the Holdback Shares).
ARTICLE 2.
CLOSING; TERM OF AGREEMENT
Section 2.1 Closing. Unless this Agreement shall have been terminated pursuant to Section 2.5, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of the conditions in Article 8, the Effective Time and the closing of the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall occur concurrently with or immediately prior to the IPO (the Closing or the Closing Date). The Closing shall take place at the offices of Hogan Lovells US LLP, located at Columbia Square, 555 Thirteenth Street, NW, Washington, DC or such other place as determined by New REIT in its sole discretion. The Closing shall be deemed concurrent for all purposes with, and effective concurrently with, the IPO (the effective time of the IPO, the Effective Time).
Section 2.2 Closing Deliveries.
(a) As soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time, New REIT shall deliver to RLJ Development:
(i) subject to Section 1.7, the Consideration;
(ii) an Assignment and Assumption Agreement, in the form attached as Exhibit B (the Assignment and Assumption Agreement), duly executed by New REIT; and
(iii) such other certificates, instruments or documents as RLJ Development may reasonably request, as are required pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement or as otherwise are necessary or appropriate to transfer the Contributed Assets and Assumed Liabilities in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof and consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, and to vest in New REIT and its successors and assigns full, complete, absolute, legal and equitable title to the Contributed Assets, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens).
(b) As soon as reasonably practicable after the Effective Time, RLJ Development shall deliver to New REIT each of the following:
(i) a bill of sale in the form of Exhibit C, duly executed by RLJ Development;
(ii) the Assignment and Assumption Agreement, duly executed by RLJ Development;
(iii) an Assignment of Intellectual Property Agreement in the form of Exhibit D (the Assignment of Intellectual Property), together with other agreements, instruments,
certificates and other documents necessary or appropriate to assign all of RLJ Developments rights and interests in and to its intellectual property to New REIT, duly executed by RLJ Development; and
(iv) such other certificates, instruments or documents as New REIT may reasonably request, as are required pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement or as otherwise are necessary or appropriate to transfer the Contributed Assets and Assumed Liabilities in accordance with the terms and conditions hereof and consummate the transactions contemplated hereby, and to vest in New REIT and its successors and assigns full, complete, absolute, legal and equitable title to the Contributed Assets, free and clear of all Liens (other than Permitted Liens).
(c) Legend. Any certificate representing New REIT Shares issuable as Consideration shall bear the following legend:
THE SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED (THE SECURITIES ACT), OR UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS OF ANY STATE OF THE UNITED STATES AND MAY NOT BE ENCUMBERED, PLEDGED, HYPOTHECATED, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR OTHERWISE DISPOSED OF WITHIN THE UNITED STATES EXCEPT PURSUANT TO THE REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE SECURITIES ACT OR PURSUANT TO AN AVAILABLE EXEMPTION FROM SUCH REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS AND, IN EACH CASE, IN ACCORDANCE WITH ALL APPLICABLE SECURITIES LAWS.
THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTIONS ON BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP, CONSTRUCTIVE OWNERSHIP AND TRANSFER. SUBJECT TO CERTAIN FURTHER RESTRICTIONS AND EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY PROVIDED IN THE TRUSTS DECLARATION OF TRUST, (I) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN COMMON SHARES OF THE TRUST IN EXCESS OF 9.8% (IN VALUE OR NUMBER OF SHARES, WHICHEVER IS MORE RESTRICTIVE) OF THE OUTSTANDING COMMON SHARES OF THE TRUST; (II) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN PREFERRED SHARES OF THE TRUST IN EXCESS OF 9.8% (IN VALUE OR NUMBER OF SHARES, WHICHEVER IS MORE RESTRICTIVE) OF THE TOTAL OUTSTANDING PREFERRED SHARES OF THE TRUST OF SUCH CLASS OR SERIES; (III) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE TRUST BEING CLOSELY HELD UNDER SECTION 856(H) OF THE CODE OR OTHERWISE CAUSE THE TRUST TO FAIL TO QUALIFY AS A REIT; (IV) NO PERSON MAY BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST THAT WOULD RESULT IN THE TRUST OWNING (DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY) AN INTEREST IN A TENANT THAT IS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 856(D)(2)(B) OF THE CODE IF THE INCOME DERIVED BY THE TRUST (EITHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY THROUGH ONE OR MORE PARTNERSHIPS OR LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES) FROM SUCH TENANT FOR THE TAXABLE YEAR OF THE TRUST DURING WHICH SUCH DETERMINATION IS BEING MADE WOULD REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO EQUAL OR EXCEED THE LESSER OF (I) ONE PERCENT (1%) OF THE TRUSTS GROSS INCOME (AS DETERMINED FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 856(C) OF THE CODE), OR (II) AN AMOUNT THAT WOULD CAUSE THE TRUST TO FAIL TO SATISFY ANY OF THE GROSS INCOME REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 856(C) OF THE CODE OR (B) ANY MANAGER OR OPERATOR OF A QUALIFIED LODGING FACILITY, WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 856(D)(9)(D) OF THE CODE, LEASED BY THE TRUST (OR ANY SUBSIDIARY OF THE TRUST) TO ONE OF ITS TAXABLE REIT SUBSIDIARIES WITH RESPECT TO THE TRUST FAILING TO QUALIFY AS AN ELIGIBLE INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR, WITHIN THE MEANING OF SECTION 856(D)(9)(A) OF THE CODE, IN EITHER
CASE IF THE INCOME DERIVED BY THE TRUST FROM SUCH TENANT OR SUCH TAXABLE REIT SUBSIDIARY, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ANY OTHER INCOME OF THE TRUST THAT WOULD NOT QUALIFY UNDER THE GROSS INCOME REQUIREMENTS OF SECTION 856(C) OF THE CODE, WOULD CAUSE THE TRUST TO FAIL TO SATISFY ANY OF SUCH GROSS INCOME REQUIREMENTS; AND (V) NO PERSON MAY TRANSFER SHARES OF THE TRUST IF SUCH TRANSFER WOULD RESULT IN SHARES OF THE TRUST BEING OWNED BY FEWER THAN 100 PERSONS (AS DETERMINED UNDER THE PRINCIPLES OF SECTION 856(A)(5) OF THE CODE). ANY PERSON WHO BENEFICIALLY OWNS OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWNS, TRANSFERS OR ATTEMPTS TO BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST WHICH CAUSES OR WILL CAUSE A PERSON TO BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES OF THE TRUST IN EXCESS OR IN VIOLATION OF THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MUST IMMEDIATELY NOTIFY THE TRUST. IF CERTAIN OF THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER OR OWNERSHIP ABOVE ARE VIOLATED, THE SHARES OF THE TRUST REPRESENTED HEREBY WILL BE AUTOMATICALLY TRANSFERRED TO A CHARITABLE TRUSTEE OF A CHARITABLE TRUST FOR THE BENEFIT OF ONE OR MORE CHARITABLE BENEFICIARIES. IN ADDITION, THE TRUST MAY TAKE OTHER ACTIONS, INCLUDING REDEEMING SHARES UPON THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS SPECIFIED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES IN ITS SOLE AND ABSOLUTE DISCRETION IF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES DETERMINES THAT OWNERSHIP OR A TRANSFER OR OTHER EVENT MAY VIOLATE THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE. FURTHERMORE, UPON THE OCCURRENCE OF CERTAIN EVENTS, ATTEMPTED TRANSFERS IN VIOLATION OF THE RESTRICTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE MAY BE VOID AB INITIO. A PERSON WHO ATTEMPTS TO BENEFICIALLY OWN OR CONSTRUCTIVELY OWN SHARES IN VIOLATION OF THE OWNERSHIP LIMITATIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE SHALL HAVE NO CLAIM, CAUSE OF ACTION OR ANY RECOURSE WHATSOEVER AGAINST A TRANSFEROR OF SUCH SHARES. ALL CAPITALIZED TERMS IN THIS LEGEND HAVE THE MEANINGS DEFINED IN THE DECLARATION OF TRUST OF THE TRUST, AS THE SAME MAY BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME, A COPY OF WHICH, INCLUDING THE RESTRICTIONS ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP, WILL BE FURNISHED TO EACH HOLDER OF SHARES OF THE TRUST ON REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE. REQUESTS FOR SUCH A COPY MAY BE DIRECTED TO THE SECRETARY OF THE TRUST AT ITS PRINCIPAL OFFICE.
Section 2.3 Tax Withholding. New REIT shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration payable pursuant to this Agreement to RLJ Development such amounts required to be deducted and withheld with respect to the making of such payment under the Code or any provision of state, local or foreign tax Law. To the extent that amounts are so withheld, such withheld amounts shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to RLJ Development.
Section 2.4 Further Action. If, at any time after the Effective Time, New REIT shall determine or be advised that any deeds, bills of sale, assignments, assurances or any other actions or things are necessary or desirable to vest, perfect or confirm of record or otherwise in New REIT the right, title or interest in, to or under any of the Contributed Assets, as a result of, or in connection with, the Primary Transactions or otherwise to carry out this Agreement, New REIT shall be authorized to execute and deliver, in the name and on behalf of RLJ Development, all such deeds, bills of sale, assignments and assurances and to take and do, in the name and on behalf of RLJ Development, all such other actions and things as may be necessary or desirable to vest, perfect or confirm any and all right, title and interest in, to and under such rights, properties or assets in New REIT or otherwise to carry out this Agreement.
Section 2.5 Term of the Agreement. This Agreement shall terminate automatically if the Primary Transactions shall not have been consummated on or prior to September 30, 2011.
Section 2.6 Effect of Termination. If this Agreement is terminated for any reason prior to the Effective Time, the Primary Transactions shall not be consummated and all obligations on the part of each party under this Agreement shall terminate, except that the obligations set forth in Section 1.6 and this Section 2.6 shall survive, and no party shall have any liability to any party with respect to any claim arising out of this Agreement.
ARTICLE 3.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF NEW REIT
Except as set forth in the registration statement on form S-11 of New REIT for the IPO (the Registration Statement), New REIT hereby represents and warrants to RLJ Development as follows:
Section 3.1 Organization; Authority. New REIT has been duly formed and is validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Maryland and has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and to own, lease or operate its property and to carry on its business as presently conducted and, to the extent required under applicable Law, is qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the character of its property make such qualification necessary, other than such failures to be so qualified as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.2 Due Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation (including each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of New REIT pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) by New REIT will have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary actions required of New REIT prior to the Closing. This Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of New REIT pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation constitutes, or when executed and delivered will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of New REIT, enforceable against New REIT in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
Section 3.3 Consents and Approvals. Except for the consummation of the other Consolidation Transactions, no consent, waiver, approval, authorization, order, license, permit or registration of, qualification, designation, declaration or filing with, any Person or Governmental Authority or under any applicable Laws is required to be obtained by New REIT in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for those consents, waivers, approvals, authorizations, orders, licenses, permits, registrations, qualifications, designations, declarations or filings, the failure of which to obtain or to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.4 No Violation. None of the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation, any agreement contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement does or will, with or without the giving of notice, lapse of time, or both, violate, conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under or give to others any right of termination, acceleration, cancellation or other right under, (a) New REITs Organizational Documents, (b) any agreement, document or instrument to which New REIT or any of its assets are bound or (c) any term or provision of any judgment, order, writ, injunction, or decree binding on New REIT, except for, in the case
of clause (b) or (c), any such breaches or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a New REIT Material Adverse Effect.
Section 3.5 Validity of New REIT Shares. New REIT Shares to be issued pursuant to this Agreement will have been duly authorized by New REIT and, when issued against the consideration therefor, will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable, free and clear of all Liens created by the by New REIT.
Section 3.6 Limited Activities. Except for activities in connection with the IPO, the Consolidation Transactions or in the ordinary course of business, New REIT has not engaged in any material business or incurred any material obligations.
Section 3.7 Litigation. There is no action, suit or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of New REIT, threatened against New REIT, that challenge or would reasonably be expected to impair the ability of New REIT to execute or deliver, or materially perform its obligations under this Agreement and the documents executed by it pursuant to this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby.
ARTICLE 4.
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF RLJ DEVELOPMENT
Except as set forth in the Schedules hereto, RLJ Development hereby represents and warrants to New REIT as follows:
Section 4.1 Organization; Authority. RLJ Development has been duly organized and is validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Delaware and has all requisite power and authority to enter into this Agreement, each agreement contemplated hereby and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation to which RLJ Development is a party (including any agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of RLJ Development pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) and to carry out the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, and to own, lease and/or operate any property owned, leased or operated by it and to carry on its business as presently conducted.
Section 4.2 Subsidiaries. Schedule 4.2 sets forth as of the date hereof: (a) each Subsidiary of RLJ Development (each, an RLJ Development Subsidiary), (b) RLJ Developments ownership interest therein and (c) if not wholly owned, the identity and ownership interest of each of the other owners of such Subsidiary. Each RLJ Development Subsidiary has been duly organized and is validly existing and is in good standing under the Laws of its jurisdiction of organization, and has all requisite power and authority to own, lease and operate its property and to carry on its business as presently conducted. Each RLJ Development Subsidiary, to the extent required under applicable Laws, is qualified to do business and is in good standing in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its business or the character of its property make such qualification necessary, other than such failures to be so qualified as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.3 Due Authorization. The execution, delivery and performance by RLJ Development of this Agreement and the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation (including any agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or on behalf of RLJ Development pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation) to which it is a party have been duly and validly authorized by all necessary actions. This Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation and each agreement, document and instrument executed and delivered by or
on behalf of RLJ Development pursuant to this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation constitutes, or when executed and delivered will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of RLJ Development, each enforceable against RLJ Development in accordance with its terms, subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, moratorium or other similar Laws relating to creditors rights and general principles of equity.
Section 4.4 Capitalization. Schedule 4.4 sets forth as of the date hereof the ownership of RLJ Development.
Section 4.5 Consents and Approvals. Except as set forth on Schedule 4.5 and except as shall have been obtained or satisfied on or prior to the Closing Date, no consent, waiver, approval, authorization, order, license, permit or registration of, qualification, designation, declaration or filing with, any Person or any Governmental Authority or under any applicable Laws is required to be obtained by RLJ Development in connection with the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement, the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation to which RLJ Development is a party and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, except for those consents, waivers, approvals, authorizations, orders, licenses, permits, registrations, qualifications, designations, declarations or filings, the failure of which to obtain or to file would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.6 No Violation. None of the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement, any agreement contemplated hereby between the parties to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby will, with or without the giving of notice, lapse of time, or both, violate, conflict with, result in a breach of, or constitute a default under or give to others any right of termination, acceleration, cancellation or other right under, (a) the Organizational Documents of RLJ Development or (b) except as set forth on Schedule 4.5, any agreement, document or instrument to which RLJ Development or any of its assets or properties are bound or (c) any term or provision of any judgment, order, writ, injunction, or decree binding on RLJ Development, except for, in the case of clause (b) or (c), any such breaches or defaults that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.7 Licenses and Permits. To the Knowledge of RLJ Development, all notices, licenses, permits, certificates and authorizations required for the continued operation of RLJ Developments business have been obtained or can be obtained without material cost, are in full force and effect, are in good standing and (to the extent required in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Consolidation Transaction Documentation) are assignable to New REIT, except in each case for items that, if not so obtained, obtainable and/or transferred, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect. To the Knowledge of RLJ Development, neither RLJ Development nor any third party has taken any action that (or failed to take any action, the omission of which) would result in the revocation of any such notice, license, permit, certificate or authorization where such revocation or revocations would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect, nor has any one of them received any written notice of violation from any Governmental Authority or written notice of the intention of any entity to revoke any such notice, license, permit, certificate or authorization, that in each case has not been cured or otherwise resolved to the satisfaction of such Governmental Authority or other entity and except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.8 Compliance with Laws. To the Knowledge of RLJ Development, RLJ Development has conducted its business in compliance with all applicable Laws, except for such failures that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development
Material Adverse Effect. RLJ Development has not been informed in writing of any continuing violation of any such Laws or that any investigation has been commenced and is continuing or is contemplated respecting any such possible violation, except in each case for violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.9 Environmental Matters. Except for matters that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect, to the Knowledge of RLJ Development, (a) RLJ Development is in compliance with all Environmental Laws and (b) RLJ Development has not received any written notice from any Governmental Authority or third party alleging that RLJ Development is not in compliance with applicable Environmental Laws. The representations and warranties contained in this Section 4.9 constitute the sole and exclusive representations and warranties made by RLJ Development concerning environmental matters.
Section 4.10 Taxes. RLJ Development has timely and properly filed all Tax returns and reports required to be filed by it (after giving effect to any filing extension properly granted by a Governmental Authority having authority to do so), and all such returns and reports are accurate and complete in all material respects, and has paid (or had paid on its behalf) all Taxes as required to be paid by it. No income or material non-income Tax returns filed by RLJ Development are the subject of a pending or ongoing audit. Except as would not have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect, no deficiencies for any Taxes have been proposed, asserted or assessed against RLJ Development, and no requests for waivers of the time to assess any such Taxes are pending. RLJ Development is and has always been treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.
Section 4.11 Litigation. Except for actions, suits or proceedings covered by policies of insurance (other than with respect to a deductible or self-insured retention), there is no action, suit or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of RLJ Development, threatened against RLJ Development which, if adversely determined, would reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect. There is no action, suit, or proceeding pending or, to the Knowledge of RLJ Development, threatened against RLJ Development which challenges or impairs the ability of RLJ Development to execute or deliver, or materially perform their obligations under this Agreement or the other Consolidation Transaction Documentation or to consummate the transactions hereby or thereby, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have an RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect.
Section 4.12 No Insolvency Proceedings. No bankruptcy or similar insolvency proceeding has been filed, or is currently contemplated, with respect to RLJ Development.
Section 4.13 Title to Assets. RLJ Development has good, valid and marketable title to the Contributed Assets, free and clear of Liens (except for Permitted Encumbrances) and Indebtedness. Upon consummation of the Closing, Buyer shall have acquired good, valid and marketable title to the Acquired Assets, free and clear of Encumbrances (except for Permitted Encumbrances) and Indebtedness.
Section 4.14 Investment Intention.
(a) RLJ Development desires to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement for its own account, for investment purposes only and not with a view to the distribution (as such term is used in Section 2(11) of the Securities Act) thereof. RLJ Development understands that the New REIT Shares comprising the Consideration have not been registered under the Securities Act and cannot be transferred, assigned, resold, pledged or hypothecated unless subsequently registered under the applicable securities laws or an exemption from such registration is available. RLJ Development is qualified as an accredited investor as such term is defined in Rule 501(a) promulgated under the
Securities Act, and RLJ Development is acquiring such New REIT Shares solely for investment and not with a view toward, or for sale in connection with, any distribution thereof within the meaning of the Securities Act, nor with any present intention of distributing or selling any of such New REIT Shares.
(b) RLJ Development has the knowledge, experience and expertise in business and financial matters and has the capability of understanding and evaluating the risks and merits associated with the transactions contemplated hereby and is financially able to hold the investments related to the transactions contemplated hereby for long-term investment. RLJ Development has read this Agreement and understands the terms and consequences of this Agreement and is fully aware of the legal and binding effect of this Agreement. RLJ Development confirms that it is familiar with New REIT and has been given the opportunity to ask questions of New REIT and to obtain (and has received to RLJ Developments satisfaction) such information about the business and financial condition of New REIT as reasonably requested. In formulating a decision to enter into this Agreement, RLJ Development has relied upon an independent investigation of New REIT and has been represented or advised by advisors of its own choice, including legal advisors, financial advisors and tax advisors, that have assisted them in understanding and evaluating the risks and merits associated with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
ARTICLE 5.
NATURE OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.
Section 5.1 No Implied Representations or Warranties.
(a) Other than the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Article 3, New REIT is not making, and is expressly disclaiming all other representations and warranties in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
(b) Other than the representations and warranties expressly set forth in Article 4, RLJ Development is not making, and is expressly disclaiming all other representations and warranties in connection with this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
Section 5.2 Survival of Representations and Warranties. The representations and warranties set forth in (a) Article 3 shall terminate immediately upon the Closing and (b) Article 4 shall terminate on the first anniversary of the Closing.
ARTICLE 6.
COVENANTS
Section 6.1 Affirmative Covenants. From the date hereof through the Closing Date, and except in connection with the Consolidation Transactions, RLJ Development shall use commercially reasonable efforts to preserve intact its current business organizations and preserve its relationships with customers, suppliers, advertisers and others having business dealings with it, in each case consistent with past practice. In connection with the foregoing, RLJ Development shall, unless required by Law, neither (a) make or rescind any express or deemed election relative to Taxes, nor (b) change any of its methods of reporting income or deductions for federal income Tax purposes from those employed in the preparation of its income Tax returns that have been filed for prior taxable years.
Section 6.2 Negative Covenants of RLJ Development. From the date hereof through the Closing Date, and except in connection with the Consolidation Transactions, RLJ Development shall not, in each case without the prior written consent of New REIT:
(a) amend its Organizational Documents;
(b) adopt a plan of liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or reorganization;
(c) sell, transfer or divest any of the Contributed Assets; or
(d) authorize, commit or agree to take any of the foregoing actions.
Section 6.3 Commercially Reasonable Efforts. New REIT and RLJ Development shall use commercially reasonable efforts and cooperate with each other in (i) promptly determining whether any filings are required to be made or consents, approvals, waivers, permits or authorizations are required to be obtained (under any applicable Law or regulation or from any Governmental Authority or third party) in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and (ii) promptly making (or causing to be made) any such filings, in furnishing information required in connection therewith and in timely seeking to obtain any such consents, approvals, waivers, permits and authorizations.
ARTICLE 7.
ADDITIONAL AGREEMENTS
Section 7.1 Tax Matters.
(a) New REIT shall on its first federal income Tax return elect to be taxed as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes effective for its short taxable year commencing with the effective date of its election to be taxed as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and ending on December 31, 2011.
(b) New REIT will use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers to qualify, and will use its reasonable best efforts not to, and not to permit or cause any of its Subsidiaries to, take any action that could reasonably be expected to prevent or impede the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers from qualifying as a reorganization of each of the Old REITs within the meaning of Section 368 of the Code, coupled with a liquidation of each of the Aggregate Funds for federal income tax purposes.
(c) Unless otherwise required pursuant to a determination within the meaning of Section 1313(a) of the Code, New REIT shall report the Primary Fund Mergers and the Secondary Mergers as a reorganization of each of the Old REITs within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(A) of the Code for federal income tax purposes, coupled with a liquidation of each Aggregate Fund for federal income tax purposes.
(d) Following the Primary Fund Mergers and Secondary Mergers, New REIT will comply with the record-keeping and information filing requirements of Treasury Regulation Section 1.368-3.
Section 7.2 Employee Matters.
(a) New REIT or, if applicable, its designee will assume all Liabilities and obligations of RLJ Development arising out of, relating to or otherwise in respect of the RLJ Benefit Plans.
(b) New REIT or, if applicable, its designee shall make offers of employment to each active employee of RLJ Development at a salary or hourly wage rate that is no less than the salary or hourly wage rate as applicable to such employee immediately prior to the Closing Date; provided, however, that each such offer is subject to New REITs or such designees customary pre-employment/post-offer procedures and qualifications and none of New REIT, such designee nor their respective Affiliates shall be under any obligation to continue the employment of any such employee for any period of time. New REIT or such designee, as applicable, shall be solely responsible for any notification and Liabilities under Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, 29 U.S. Stat. § 2101 et seq., or similar state law, relating to any termination of any employee. The activities of New REIT, such designee and each of their respective Affiliates under this Section 7.2 shall comply in all material respects with all applicable Laws.
(c) The active employees who New REIT notifies RLJ Development prior to the Closing have accepted offers of employment with New REIT or, if applicable, its designee pursuant to this Section 7.2 are hereinafter collectively referred to as the Hired Active Employees. Effective immediately before the Closing, RLJ Development will terminate the employment of all Hired Active Employees.
(d) Following the Closing, New REIT or, if applicable, its designee shall (i) provide each Hired Active Employee with credit for all service with RLJ Development under each benefit plan, program or arrangement in which such employee is eligible to participate on or following the Closing Date for eligibility purposes and benefit accrual purposes, but only to the same extent that such service was credited by RLJ Development under the corresponding benefit plan, program or arrangement as of the Closing Date, and (ii) provide each Active Hired Employee and his or her eligible dependents with credit for any co-payments and deductibles or out-of-pocket requirements under any welfare benefit plans that such employee and his or her eligible dependents are eligible to participate in on or following the Closing Date. In addition, following the Closing New REIT or, if applicable, its designee shall provide each Hired Active Employee with credit for any accrued but unused vacation days that such employee had accrued with RLJ Development as of the Closing.
(e) All provisions contained in this Section 7.2 with respect to RLJ Developments employees are included for the sole benefit of RLJ Development, New REIT and, if applicable, New REITs designee, and nothing in this Agreement, whether express or implied, shall create any third party beneficiary or other rights (i) in any other Person, including any employee of RLJ Development or former employees of RLJ Development or (ii) to continued employment with New REIT or, if applicable, its designee, or any of their respective Affiliates. No provision of this Section 7.2 shall constitute an amendment to any employee benefit or compensation plan, policy agreement or arrangement of New REIT or, if applicable, its designee, or any of their respective Affiliates or obligate New REIT or, if applicable, its designee, to provide compensation or benefits to any Active Employee at any rate for any period of time or in any way limit RLJ Developments ability to change the compensation or benefits it offers to its employees.
ARTICLE 8.
CONDITIONS TO CLOSING
Section 8.1 Conditions to New REITs and RLJ Developments Obligations to Close. The obligations of New REIT and RLJ Development to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby shall be subject to the fulfillment of the following conditions at or prior to the Closing (unless waived in whole or in part by New REIT or RLJ Development, respectively, in their respective sole discretion):
(a) Each of the consents identified on Schedule 8.1(a) shall have been obtained and shall be in full force and effect; and
(b) Other than consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, all conditions precedent to (i) the closing of the IPO; (ii) the closing of the other Primary Transactions and (iii) the closing of the Secondary Mergers shall have been satisfied or irrevocably and unconditionally waived.
ARTICLE 9.
INDEMNIFICATION
Section 9.1 Indemnification. From and after the Closing Date, New REIT and its directors, shareholders, officers, employees, partners, agents, representatives and Affiliates (each of which is a New REIT Indemnified Party) shall be entitled to recover from the Holdback Fund the amount of any and all charges, complaints, claims, actions, causes of action, losses, damages, liabilities and expenses of any nature whatsoever, including, without limitation, amounts paid in settlement, reasonable attorneys fees, costs of investigation, costs of investigative judicial or administrative proceedings or appeals therefrom and costs of attachment or similar bonds (collectively, Losses) arising out of or relating to, asserted against, imposed upon or incurred by any New REIT Indemnified Party in connection with or as a result of any breach of a representation or warranty contained in Article 4 or breach of a covenant of RLJ Development, in each case, contained in this Agreement or in any schedule, exhibit, certificate or affidavit or any other document delivered pursuant to this Agreement (each, an Indemnity Claim).
Section 9.2 Claims.
(a) At the time when a New REIT Indemnified Party learns of any Indemnity Claim, New REIT will promptly give written notice (a Claim Notice) to RLJ Development; provided that the failure to so notify shall not prevent recovery under this Agreement, except to the extent that any potential defense to such claim shall have been prejudiced by such failure. Each Claim Notice shall describe in reasonable detail the facts known to the applicable New REIT Indemnified Party giving rise to such Indemnity Claim. New REIT shall deliver to RLJ Development, promptly after any New REIT Indemnified Partys receipt thereof, copies of all notices and documents (including court papers) received by such New REIT Indemnified Party relating to any Indemnity Claim based on claims asserted by third parties (Third Party Claim); provided that failure to do so shall not prevent recovery under this Agreement, except to the extent that any potential defense to such claim shall have been prejudiced by such failure. New REIT may, at its option, demand indemnity under this Article 9 as soon as an Indemnity Claim has been threatened by a third party, regardless of whether an actual Loss has been suffered, so long as New REIT shall in good faith determine that such claim is not frivolous and that the New REIT Indemnified Party may be liable for, or otherwise incur, a Loss as a result thereof.
(b) RLJ Development shall be entitled to elect to assume and control the defense of any Third Party Claim, through counsel chosen by RLJ Development and reasonably acceptable to New REIT, if it gives written notice of its intention to do so to New REIT within thirty (30) days of the receipt of the applicable Claim Notice; provided, however, that New REIT may at all times participate in such defense at its own expense. Without limiting the foregoing, if RLJ Development exercises the right to undertake any such defense against a Third Party Claim, New REIT shall cooperate with RLJ Development in such defense and make available to RLJ Development, at RLJ Developments expense, all witnesses, pertinent records, materials and information in the possession of, or under the control of, any New REIT Indemnified Party relating thereto as is reasonably required by RLJ Development. No compromise or settlement of such Third Party Claim may be effected by either New REIT, on the one hand, or RLJ Development, on the other hand, without the other partys consent (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed) unless (i) there is no finding or admission of any violation of Law and
no effect on any other claims that may be made against a New REIT Indemnified Party or against the Holdback Fund, (ii) each party that is party to such claim is released from all liability with respect to such claim, and (iii) there is no equitable order, judgment or term that in any manner affects, restrains or interferes with the business of New REIT or any of New REITs Affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the compromise or settlement of such Third Party Claim could reasonably be expected to adversely affect the status of New REIT as a real investment trust within the meaning of Section 856 of the Code, then New REIT shall make such decision to compromise or settle the Third Party Claim without the need to obtain the other partys consent. All costs and expenses incurred by RLJ Development pursuant to this Section 9.2(b) shall be reimbursed from the Holdback Fund in accordance with Section 9.3.
Section 9.3 Payment of Indemnity Claims. Upon resolution of any Indemnity Claim or portion of such a claim, each as evidenced by a written instruction of RLJ Development, in which an officer of RLJ Development certifies that the instruction has been approved by either (a) RLJ Development or (b) a final, non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction, New REIT shall release to itself from the Holdback Fund a number of Holdback Shares equal to the lesser of (i) the number of Holdback Shares remaining in the Holdback Fund at such time and (ii) the number of Holdback Shares resulting from dividing (A) the product of (x) the Holdback Share Allocation, multiplied by (y) the amount of such claim or portion of such claim as set forth in such instruction (the Claim Amount), by (B) the closing price of New REITs common shares on the day of the resolution of such claim pursuant to this Section 9.3. All Holdback Shares released pursuant to this Section 9.3 shall be cancelled as soon as practicable after such release.
Section 9.4 Release of the Holdback Fund.
(a) Within fifteen (15) days after the six month anniversary of the Closing Date, New REIT shall prepare a summary setting forth a list of outstanding Indemnity Claims (including any previously paid Indemnity Claims), together with a good faith estimate of the maximum value (expressed in dollars) of each such Indemnity Claim and the aggregate amount of such values that would be allocated against the Holdback Fund in accordance with Sections 9.2 and 9.3 if the actual amount of Losses subject to indemnification pursuant to this Article 9 were equal to such good faith estimate of the maximum value such Indemnity Clams. As soon as reasonably practicable after the completion of such report if (i) (A) the aggregate number of Holdback Shares in the Holdback Fund at such time, minus (B) the aggregate number of Holdback Shares allocated to outstanding indemnity claims in accordance with the good faith estimate made pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence exceeds (ii) the product of 50%, multiplied by the aggregate number of Holdback Shares initially deposited in the Holdback Fund pursuant to Section 1.7, then New REIT shall release from the Holdback Fund to RLJ Development the number of Holdback Shares, rounded down to the nearest whole share, equal to such excess.
(b) Within ten (10) days after the Expiration Date, and at the end of each calendar quarter thereafter while any Holdback Shares remains in the Holdback Fund, New REIT shall prepare a summary setting forth a list of outstanding Indemnity Claims, together with a good faith estimate of the maximum value (expressed in dollars) of each such Indemnity Claim and the aggregate amount of such values that would be allocated against the Holdback Fund in accordance with Sections 9.2 and 9.3 if the actual amount of Losses subject to indemnification pursuant to this Article 9 were equal to such good faith estimate of the maximum value such Indemnity Clams. As soon as reasonably practicable after the completion of such report, New REIT shall release to RLJ Development the Holdback Shares, rounded down to the nearest whole share in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence.
(c) New REIT will create a ledger setting forth the number of Holdback Shares and New REIT will update such ledger upon the cancellation or release of any Holdback Shares pursuant to Sections 9.3 or 9.4.
Section 9.5 Earnings. All dividends and distributions made by New REIT in respect of the Holdback Shares, whether in cash, additional New REIT Shares or other property, shall not be part of the Holdback Fund and, instead, shall be property of RLJ Development. All such dividends and distributions shall be distributed as soon as reasonably practicable by New REIT to RLJ Development.
Section 9.6 Voting. RLJ Development shall have the right to vote all Holdback Shares until such time as any such Holdback Shares are released and thereby forfeited and cancelled pursuant to Section 9.3. New REIT will forward to RLJ Development all notices of meetings, proxy statements and reports to shareholders in respect of Holdback Shares or RLJ Development, and will either (i) vote the Holdback Shares only in accordance with written instructions received from RLJ Development, or (ii) forward to RLJ Development a signed proxy (with power of substitution) enabling RLJ Development to vote such Holdback Shares.
Section 9.7 Limitations on Liability. The obligation of RLJ Development to indemnify the New REIT Indemnified Parties shall be subject to the following limitations:
(a) Representations and warranties shall only survive as set forth in Section 5.2 hereof and covenants contained in this Agreement shall survive after the Effective Time until the first anniversary of the Closing Date (the Expiration Date). If written notice of a claim has been given prior to the Expiration Date, then the relevant representation, warranty and covenant shall survive, but only with respect to such specific claim, until such claim has been finally resolved. Any claim for indemnification not so asserted in writing by the Expiration Date, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Law, may not thereafter be asserted and shall forever be waived.
(b) The New REIT Indemnified Parties shall only be entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Article 9 to the extent all Losses exceed $1,000,000 in the aggregate.
(c) No New REIT Indemnified Party may make an Indemnity Claim directly under this Agreement. All Indemnity Claims shall be asserted by New REIT on behalf of the New REIT Indemnified Party.
(d) The sole and exclusive remedy of the New REIT Indemnified Parties with respect to Indemnity Claims and any and all other claims arising out of this Agreement (other than those arising out of fraud) shall be recovery from the Holdback Fund in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Except as expressly contemplated by Sections 1.6 and 1.7 of this Agreement, no party to this Agreement shall be liable or obligated to make payments under this Agreement other than a release or forfeiture, if any, of any portion of the Holdback Fund.
Section 9.8 Characterization of Holdback Releases. Any release or forfeiture from the Holdback Fund pursuant to this Article 9 shall constitute an adjustment of the Consideration for Tax purposes and shall be treated as such by all parties on their Tax returns to the extent permitted by Law.
Section 9.9 Reliance. For purposes of this Article 9, a decision, act, consent, election or instruction of RLJ Development shall be deemed to be authorized if approved in writing by RLJ Development, and New REIT and the New REIT Indemnified Parties may rely upon such decision, act, consent, election or instruction as provided in this Section 9.9 as being the decision, act, consent, election or instruction of RLJ Development. New REIT and the New REIT Indemnified Parties, including their
respective directors, officers, employees, agents and representatives, are hereby relieved from any liability to any person for any acts done in accordance with such decision, act, consent, election or instruction. RLJ Development may from time to time by written notice to New REIT appoint a representative or representatives to exercise such powers with respect to one or more claims as may be delegated by RLJ Development.
ARTICLE 10.
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 10.1 Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and it will not be necessary in making proof of this Agreement or the terms of this Agreement to produce or account for more than one of such counterparts. All counterparts shall constitute one and the same instrument. Each party may execute this Agreement via a facsimile (or transmission of a .pdf file) of this Agreement. In addition, facsimile or .pdf signatures of authorized signatories of the parties shall be valid and binding and delivery of a facsimile or .pdf signature by any party shall constitute due execution and delivery of this Agreement.
Section 10.2 Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal Laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to the choice of laws provisions thereof.
Section 10.3 Amendment; Waiver. Any amendment hereto shall be in writing and signed by all parties hereto. No waiver of any provisions of this Agreement shall be valid unless in writing and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought. The waiver by any party of the performance of any act shall not operate as a waiver of the performance of any other act or an identical act required to be performed at a later time. Except as otherwise provided herein, no action taken pursuant to this Agreement, including any investigation by or on behalf of any party, shall be deemed to constitute a waiver by the party taking such action of compliance with any representations, warranties, covenants or agreements contained in this Agreement.
Section 10.4 Entire Agreement. This Agreement and the exhibits and schedules hereto constitute the entire agreement and supersede conflicting provisions set forth in all other prior agreements and understandings, both written and oral, among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof, as the case may be.
Section 10.5 Assignability. This Agreement and all of the provisions hereof shall be binding upon, and shall be enforceable by and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective heirs, legal representatives, successors and permitted assigns and any reference to a party shall also be a reference to an heir, legal representative, successor or permitted assign; provided, however, that this Agreement may not be assigned (except by operation of Law) by any party without the prior written consent of the other parties, and any attempted assignment without such consent shall be void and of no effect; provided, further, that New REIT may assign and delegate this Agreement and any or all rights or obligations hereunder (including, without limitation, New REITs rights to acquire the Contributed Assets and assume the Assumed Liabilities) (i) to any Affiliate or Affiliates of New REIT prior to the Effective Time and (ii) to any Person to which New REIT or any of its Affiliates sells or proposes to sell any of the Contributed Assets after the Effective Time.
Section 10.6 Titles. The titles and captions of the Articles, Sections and paragraphs of this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and shall have no effect on the construction or meaning of this Agreement.
Section 10.7 Third Party Beneficiary. No provision of this Agreement is intended, nor shall it be interpreted, to provide or create any third party beneficiary rights or any other rights of any kind in any customer, affiliate, shareholder, partner, member, director, officer or employee of any party hereto or any other Person. All provisions hereof shall be personal solely among the parties to this Agreement.
Section 10.8 Severability. If any provision of this Agreement, or the application thereof, is for any reason held to any extent to be invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of this Agreement and application of such provision to other Persons or circumstances will be interpreted so as reasonably to effect the intent of the parties hereto. The parties further agree to replace such void or unenforceable provision of this Agreement with a valid and enforceable provision that will achieve, to the extent possible, the economic, business and other purposes of the void or unenforceable provision and to execute any amendment, consent or agreement deemed necessary or desirable by New REIT to effect such replacement. To the extent permitted by applicable Law, the parties waive any provision of applicable Law which renders any provision of this Agreement unenforceable in any respect.
Section 10.9 Interpretation. This Agreement shall be read and construed in the English language. As used in this Agreement, any reference to the masculine, feminine or neuter gender shall include all genders, the plural shall include the singular, and singular shall include the plural. References herein to a party or other Person include their respective successors and assigns. The words include, includes and including when used herein shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase without limitation unless such phrase otherwise appears. Unless the context otherwise requires, references herein to articles, sections, schedules, exhibits and attachments shall be deemed references to articles and sections of, and schedules, exhibits and attachments to, this Agreement. Unless the context otherwise requires, the words hereof, hereby and herein and words of similar meaning when used in this Agreement refer to this Agreement in its entirety and not to any particular article, section or provision hereof. Except when used together with the word either or otherwise for the purpose of identifying mutually exclusive alternatives, the term or has the inclusive meaning represented by the phrase and/or. Any deadline or time period set forth in this Agreement that by its terms ends on a day that is not a Business Day shall be automatically extended to the next succeeding Business Day. All references in this Agreement to dollars or $ shall mean United States dollars. With regard to each and every term and condition of this Agreement, the parties understand and agree that the same have or has been mutually negotiated, prepared and drafted, and that if at any time the parties desire or are required to interpret or construe any such term or condition or any agreement or instrument subject thereto, no consideration shall be given to the issue of which party actually prepared, drafted or requested any term or condition of this Agreement.
Section 10.10 Notices. All notices, requests, demands, waivers and communications required or permitted to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing signed by or on behalf of the party making such notice, request, demand, waiver or communication and shall be deemed to be given (i) on the day delivered (or if that day is not a Business Day, or if delivered after the close of business on a Business Day, on the next day that is a Business Day) when delivered by personal delivery or overnight courier, (ii) on the third Business Day after mailed by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested, or (iii) upon transmission when sent by facsimile transmission or email transmission (provided that such facsimile or email is followed by an original of such notice by mail or personal delivery as provided herein). Mailed notices shall be addressed as set forth below, but any party may change the address set forth below by written notice to other parties in accordance with this paragraph.
If to New REIT:
RLJ Lodging Trust
3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 1000
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Attention: Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr.
Facsimile: (301) 280-7787
Email: tbaltimore@rljhotels.com
If to RLJ Development:
RLJ Development, LLC
3 Bethesda Metro Center Suite 1000
Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Attention: Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr.
Facsimile: (301) 280-7787
Email: tbaltimore@rljhotels.com
Section 10.11 Equitable Remedies. The parties agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with the specific terms hereof or were otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions hereof in any federal or state court located in the State of Maryland (as to which the parties agree to submit to jurisdiction for the purpose of such action), this being in addition to any other remedy to which the parties are entitled under this Agreement.
Section 10.12 Enforcement Costs. Should either party institute any action, suit or proceeding to enforce the terms of this Agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to receive all reasonable costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) incurred by such prevailing party in connection with such action, suit or proceeding. A party entitled to recover costs and expenses under this Section shall also be entitled to recover all costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys fees) incurred in the enforcement of any judgment or settlement obtained in such action or proceeding (and in any such judgment provision shall be made for the recovery of such post-judgment costs and expenses).
[Signature Page Follows]
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.
|
NEW REIT | |
|
| |
|
RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
Title: Chief Executive Officer |
|
| |
|
| |
|
RLJ DEVELOPMENT | |
|
| |
|
RLJ Development, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
By: |
/s/ Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
|
Title: President |
[Contribution Agreement Signature Page]
EXHIBIT A
TO
CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
DEFINITIONS
For purposes of the Agreement, the following terms have the meanings set forth below:
Affiliate means, with respect to any Person, a Person that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with the specified Person. For the purposes of this definition, control (including, with correlative meanings, the terms controlled by and under common control with) as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by agreement or otherwise.
Aggregate Funds has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Agreement has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
Assignment and Assumption Agreement has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2(a)(ii) of this Agreement.
Assumed Liabilities has the meaning set forth in Section 1.3 of this Agreement.
Business Day means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or legal holiday in the State of Maryland.
Claim Amount has the meaning set forth in Section 9.3 of this Agreement.
Claim Notice has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(a) of this Agreement.
Closing has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.
Closing Date has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.
Code means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, together with the rules and regulations promulgated or issued thereunder.
Confidential Consent Solicitation Statement means the Confidential Consent Solicitation Statement of the Aggregate Funds dated November 29, 2010, as modified, amended and supplemented by the Supplement, dated January 21, 2011.
Consideration has the meaning set forth in Section 1.5 of this Agreement.
Consolidation Transaction Documentation means all of the agreements and plans of merger (including this Agreement) and related documents and agreements pursuant to which the Aggregate Funds and RLJ Development and their respective Subsidiaries desire to conduct the Consolidation Transactions.
Consolidation Transactions means (i) the Primary Transactions; (ii) the Secondary Mergers; and (iii) the merger of RLJ Lodging II Master, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and RLJ Real
Estate III Master, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, with and into RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership of which New REIT is the sole general partner.
Contributed Assets has the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 of this Agreement.
Costs has the meaning set forth in Section 1.6 of this Agreement.
Distributable Equity Value means (i) Gross Equity Value, minus (ii) Public Equity Value, minus (iii) an amount equal to all transaction costs incurred in connection with the Consolidation Transactions and the IPO.
Effective Time has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1 of this Agreement.
Environmental Laws means all federal, state and local Laws governing pollution or the protection of human health or the environment.
Excluded Assets has the meaning set forth in Section 1.2 of this Agreement.
Expiration Date has the meaning set forth in Section 9.7(a) of this Agreement.
Fund II Funds has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund II General Partner has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund II Main Fund has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund II Main Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund II Parallel Fund has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund II Parallel Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund III Funds has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund III General Partner has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund III Main Fund has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund III Main Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund III Parallel Fund has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Fund III Parallel Subsidiary REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Governmental Authority means any government or agency, bureau, board, commission, court, department, official, political subdivision, tribunal or other instrumentality of any government, whether federal, state or local, domestic or foreign.
Governmental Order means any judgment, injunction, writ, order, ruling, stipulation, determination, award or decree entered by or with any Governmental Authority or arbitrator.
Gross Equity Value means the estimated gross equity value of New REIT (net of indebtedness expected to be outstanding on the consummation of the Consolidation Transactions and the IPO after application of the net proceeds of the IPO, and excluding any shares issued under New REITs proposed equity incentive plan to members of New REITs senior management and other eligible individuals concurrently with the closing of the IPO), as estimated by New REIT in consultation with the investment banking firms managing the IPO shortly prior to commencing marketing activities relating to the IPO.
Hired Active Employees has the meaning set forth in Section 7.2(c) of this Agreement.
Holdback Fund has the meaning set forth in Section 1.7 of this Agreement.
Holdback Percentage means the quotient, expressed as a percentage, obtained by dividing $25,000,000 by the Distributable Equity Value.
Holdback Share Allocation means a fraction, expressed as a percentage, (i) the numerator of which is the product of (A) the number of Holdback Shares initially retained by New REIT pursuant to Section 1.7, multiplied by (B) the IPO Price (such resulting product, the Holdback Share Value), and (ii) the denominator of which is the Holdback Share Value.
Holdback Shares has the meaning set forth in Section 1.7 of this Agreement.
Indemnity Claim has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1 of this Agreement.
Integrated Transactions has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
IPO has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
IPO Price means the mid-point of the price range per New REIT Share, which mid-point and range will be determined by New REIT in consultation with the investment banking firms managing the IPO shortly prior to commencing marketing activities relating to the IPO, and which will be set forth in a preliminary prospectus relating to the IPO that will be filed with the Securities Exchange Commission.
Knowledge means, (i) with respect to a representation of New REIT, the current, actual knowledge of New REITs directors and officers, after reasonable due inquiry and (ii) with respect to RLJ Development, the current, actual knowledge of RLJ Developments officers, after reasonable due inquiry.
Laws means laws, statutes, rules, regulations, codes, orders, ordinances, judgments, injunctions, decrees and policies of any Governmental Authority, including, without limitation, zoning, land use or other similar rules or ordinances.
Liability means any debt, liability, or obligation arising under any Law, Litigation, Governmental Order, or any contract, whether accrued, absolute, contingent, unliquidated or otherwise, whether due or to become due, whether known or unknown, and regardless of when asserted.
Litigation means any claim, action, arbitration, mediation, audit, hearing, investigation, proceeding, litigation or suit (whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative or informal) commenced, brought, conducted or heard by or before, or otherwise involving, any Governmental Entity or arbitrator or mediator.
Liens means all pledges, claims, liens, charges, restrictions, controls, easements, rights of way, exceptions, reservations, leases, licenses, grants, covenants and conditions, encumbrances and security interests of any kind or nature whatsoever.
Losses has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1 of this Agreement.
New REIT has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
New REIT Indemnified Party has the meaning set forth in Section 9.1 of this Agreement.
New REIT Material Adverse Effect means any material adverse change in any of the assets, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operation or prospects of New REIT and its Subsidiaries taken together.
New REIT Share means common shares of New REIT.
Old REIT has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Organizational Documents means the certificate of formation, declaration of trust, certificate of incorporation and bylaws, certificate of limited partnership and limited partnership agreement, limited liability company agreement or operating agreement, of New REIT or RLJ Development, as applicable.
Permitted Liens means (i) Liens, or deposits made to secure the release of such Liens, securing Taxes, the payment of which is not delinquent or the payment of which (including, without limitation, the amount or validity thereof) is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings for which adequate reserves have been made in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles; (ii) zoning, entitlement, building and other land use Laws imposed by governmental agencies having jurisdiction over the Properties; (iii) covenants, conditions, restrictions, easements for public utilities, encroachments, rights of access or other non-monetary matters that do not materially impair the use of the Properties for the purposes for which they are currently being used or proposed to be used in connection with the relevant Persons business; (iv) Liens securing financing or credit arrangements existing as of the Closing Date; (v) Liens arising under leases in effect as of the Closing Date; (vi) any exceptions contained in any title policy (including any policy issued to a secured lender) relating to the properties as of the Closing Date; (vii) mechanics, carriers, workers, repairers and similar Liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business that are not yet due and payable and which are not, in the aggregate, material to the business, operations and financial condition of the properties so encumbered; and (viii) any matters that would not have a material adverse effect on RLJ Developments operation of its business.
Person means an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, association, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity.
Preferred Units means the 12.5% Class A Cumulative Redeemable Non-Voting Preferred Units issued by each of the Old REITs.
Primary Fund Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Primary Transaction has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Public Equity Value means the estimated equity value of the New REIT Shares issued by New REIT to the investors in the IPO (excluding any New REIT Shares issued or issuable under awards made by New REIT at the time of the IPO pursuant to New REITs equity incentive plan and any New REIT Shares issued to equity holders in the RLJ Entities as consideration in the Consolidation Transactions and before taking into account any expenses of the IPO or the Consolidation Transactions), as estimated by New REIT in consultation with the investment banking firms managing the IPO shortly prior to commencing marketing activities relating to the IPO.
Registration Statement has the meaning set forth in the introduction to Article 3 of this Agreement.
Retained Liabilities has the meaning set forth in Section 1.4 of this Agreement.
RLJ Benefit Plans means (i) all employee benefit plans, as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, (ii) all other severance pay, salary continuation, bonus, incentive, stock option, retirement, pension, profit sharing or deferred compensation plans, contracts, programs, funds, or arrangements of any kind, and (iii) all other employee benefit plans, contracts, programs, funds, or arrangements (whether written or oral, qualified or nonqualified, funded or unfunded, foreign or domestic, currently effective or terminated) and any trust, escrow, or similar agreement related thereto, whether or not funded, in respect of any present or former employees, directors, officers, shareholders, consultants, or independent contractors of RLJ Development that are sponsored or maintained by RLJ Development or with respect to which RLJ Development has any liability, in each case, as set forth on Schedule A-2.
RLJ Contribution has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to the Agreement.
RLJ Development has the meaning set forth in the Introduction to this Agreement.
RLJ Development Material Adverse Effect means any material adverse change in any of the assets, business, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operation or prospects of RLJ Development.
RLJ Development Share means a percentage, where the numerator is the equity value attributable to RLJ Development, and the denominator is the aggregate equity value attributable to the Aggregate Funds and RLJ Development, as set forth on Schedule A-1.
RLJ Development Subsidiary has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2 of this Agreement.
RLJ Entity means an Aggregate Fund or RLJ Development, as applicable. As used herein, RLJ Entities refer to each RLJ Entity, collectively.
Secondary Merger has the meaning set forth in the Recitals to this Agreement.
Securities Act means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
Subsidiary of any Person means any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other legal entity of which such Person owns (either directly or through or together with another Subsidiary of such Person) either (i) a general partner, managing member or other similar interest, or (ii)(A) ten percent (10%) or more of the voting power of the voting capital stock or other equity interests, or (B) ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting capital stock or other voting equity interests of such corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture or other legal entity.
Tax means all federal, state, local and foreign income, gross receipts, license, property, withholding, sales, franchise, employment, payroll, goods and services, stamp, environmental, customs duties, capital stock, social security, transfer, alternative minimum, excise and other taxes, tariffs or governmental charges of any nature whatsoever, including estimated taxes, together with penalties, interest or additions to Tax with respect thereto, whether or not disputed.
Third Party Claim has the meaning set forth in Section 9.2(a) of this Agreement.
Exhibit 23.1
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form S-11 of RLJ Lodging Trust of our report dated March 14, 2011, relating to the combined consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedule of The RLJ Predecessor and our report dated February 2, 2011 relating to the consolidated balance sheet of RLJ Lodging Trust, which appear in such Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading Experts in such Registration Statement.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
|
McLean, Virginia |
March 15, 2011 |
|
Hogan Lovells US LLP |
|
Columbia Square |
|
555 Thirteenth Street, NW |
|
Washington, DC 20004 |
|
T +1 202 637 5600 |
|
F +1 202 637 5910 |
March 15, 2011
BY EDGAR AND OVERNIGHT MAIL
Mr. Michael McTiernan
Ms. Folake K. Ayoola
Division of Corporation Finance
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
100 F Street, NE
Washington, D.C. 20549
Re: |
RLJ Lodging Trust |
|
Registration Statement on Form S-11 |
|
Filed February 2, 2011 |
|
File No. 333-172011 |
Dear Mr. McTiernan:
This letter is submitted on behalf of RLJ Lodging Trust (the Company) in response to comments from the staff of the Division of Corporation Finance (the Staff) of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the Commission) in a letter dated March 1, 2011 (the Comment Letter) with respect to the Companys Registration Statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-172011) filed with the Commission on February 2, 2011 (the Registration Statement). The Company is concurrently filing Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement (Amendment No. 1), which includes changes in response to the Staffs comments. Amendment No. 1 also includes audited financial information as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010. We have enclosed with this letter a marked copy of Amendment No. 1, which was filed today by the Company via EDGAR, reflecting all changes to the Registration Statement.
For your convenience, the Staffs numbered comments set forth in the Comment Letter have been reproduced in italics herein with responses immediately following each comment. Unless otherwise indicated, page references in the descriptions of the Staffs comments refer to the Registration Statement, and page references in the responses refer to Amendment No. 1. Defined terms used herein but not otherwise defined herein have the meanings given to them in Amendment No.1.
General
1. Please provide us with copies of all graphics, maps, photographs and related captions or other artwork including logos that you intend to use in the prospectus. Such graphics and pictorial representations should not be included in any preliminary prospectus distributed to prospective investors prior to our review.
Response to Comment No. 1
The Company acknowledges the Staffs comment and respectfully submits that, prior to distributing the prospectus to prospective investors, the Company supplementally will provide the Staff with copies of any graphics, maps, photographs and/or related captions or other artwork that it intends to use in the prospectus.
2. Please provide us with support for all quantitative and qualitative business and industry data used in the registration statement. We note the following statements by way of example only:
· Following the completion of this offering, we expect to brand or re-brand 5 of these 10 hotels into brands affiliated with Hilton or Intercontinental, page 2;
· Upon completion of this offering...we will own 140 hotels with over 20,400 rooms, which would have made us the second largest publicly-traded lodging REIT based on number of hotels and the fifth largest publicly traded lodging REIT based on number of rooms, as of September 30, 2010, page 3;
· We believe the quality of our portfolio... portfolio-wide satisfaction scores that are consistently higher than industry average scores for our respective brands, page 3;
· We are the fourth largest owner of Marriott-branded hotels in the United States based on number of hotels and number of rooms, page 3;
· Operating performance of the U.S. lodging industry declined significantly from the peak in 2007 to 2009, as evidenced by a RevPAR decline of 18.3% during that period (as reported by Smith Travel Research)... page 5; and
· The International Monetary Fund estimates that U.S. GDP will grow 2.3% in 2011... page 5.
Clearly mark the specific language in the supporting materials that supports each statement. Further, please tell us if any of the supporting materials were prepared specifically for you in connection with this offering. Please ensure that you update your disclosure to the extent more recent information is available.
Response to Comment No. 2
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company supplementally is delivering to the Staff copies of reports and other material to support the quantitative and qualitative business and industry data used in Amendment No. 1. None of the third-party supporting materials were prepared specifically for the Company in connection with the proposed offering. As requested, the Company has marked the specific language in the reports and other material to highlight the portions upon which it is relying. The Company respectfully submits, however, that the disclosure regarding its plans to brand or re-brand five of its initial hotels into brands affiliated with Hilton or Intercontinental is based on its current intentions and reasonable expectations and not on third-party data.
3. Please tell us if any portion of the purchase price will represent a gain or a loss related to the settlement of a pre-existing relationship, which should be accounted for separately from the business combination. Refer to ASC 805-10-25-20 through 25-21 and ASC 805-10-55-20 through 55-23.
Response to Comment No. 3
As discussed in Note 2 to the Companys financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010 under the heading Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation, RLJ Development, Fund II and Fund III are entities under the common control of Robert L. Johnson. Mr. Johnsons control over each of the three entities results from his majority ownership control of RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC and RLJ Capital Partners III, LLC, the general partners of Fund II and Fund III, respectively, as well as his majority ownership control of RLJ Development. Since these three entities are under common control and the Company will succeed to their operations and businesses, Fund II, Fund III, and RLJ Development collectively represent the Predecessor and have been presented on a combined consolidated historical cost basis. In accordance with ASC 805, combinations between entities that are under common control are excluded from the scope of the guidance on business combinations. Nevertheless, had the transaction been accounted for as a business combination under ASC 805, the Company does not believe there are pre-existing relationships that would be settled as a result of the intended transaction and for which a gain or loss would be recorded.
Prospectus Summary, page 1
4. Please provide a brief description of the difference between a focus-service hotel and a compact full-service hotel.
Response to Comment No. 4
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has inserted disclosure on page ii of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Table of Contents defining focused-service hotel and compact full-service hotel and explaining the difference between a focused-service hotel and a compact full-service hotel. In addition, the Company has inserted disclosure on page 84 of
Amendment No. 1 under the heading Our Business and Properties explaining the difference between a focused-service hotel and a compact full-service hotel.
Competitive Strength, page 3
5. We note your disclosure that Fund I has generated net IRR of 53.2%. Please revise your disclosure to include information on the performance of the other two funds.
Response to Comment No. 5
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company respectfully submits that it is unable to provide disclosure on the performance of Fund II or Fund III because neither fund has disposed of its assets and, thus, neither fund has realized any gains or losses that can be measured.
Risk Factors, page 6
6. Please describe the share overhang risk related to Fund II and Fund III investors receiving shares in the formation transaction. Please reference the registration rights and lock-up agreements, quantify the number of shares being issued to Fund II and Fund III investors that will not be subject to a lock-up, and quantify the number of shares to be issued in the formation transactions to persons that will not have a continuing role in the management of the registrant.
Response to Comment No. 6
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has revised the risk factor on page 46 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Risk Factorsrisks related to this offeringBecause we will issue a significant number of common shares and OP units in connection with our formation transactions, the recipients could attempt to sell a significant number of common shares in the future upon the expiration of any applicable lock-up agreements, which could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common shares to expand upon the existing disclosure related to the share overhang risk. In addition, the Company has inserted a corresponding summary risk factor on page 6 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Prospectus SummaryRisk Factors.
Joint venture investments that we make..., page 25
7. Please revise the disclosure to specify which if any of the bullet points apply to the Doubletree JV.
Response to Comment No. 7
The Company acknowledges the Staffs comment, but respectfully believes that specifying which of the bullet points, if any, apply to the Doubletree JV is not meaningful to investors in light of the purpose of that risk factor and the nature of the Doubletree JV. In particular, the Company included that risk factor primarily to address the potential risk
associated with future joint ventures that the Company may utilize to acquire hotels. In contrast to these joint ventures, the Company has a 95% economic interest in the Doubletree JV and controls all material decisions relating to the Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel New York City. As a result, this particular risk factor generally is not applicable to the Doubletree JV and would not have been included in the absence of the possibility of future joint ventures that are structured differently. In light of the fact that a number of the bullet points are not applicable to the Doubletree JV, the Company respectfully submits that the Staffs proposed disclosure is not necessary or beneficial to potential investors.
Distribution Policy, page 51
8. Please tell us how you determined it is appropriate for you to project your initial dividend distribution. Please address the comparability of your pro forma results to your reasonable beliefs about results over the next twelve months, and specifically address any changes in portfolio management changes or brands.
Response to Comment No. 8
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company advises the Staff that it believes that providing an initial dividend distribution rate is both critical to its ability to market shares to prospective investors and appropriate in light of the extensive experience of the Companys senior management team in the lodging industry and with substantially all of the initial hotels and the Companys conservative assumptions about lodging fundamentals and related internal growth.
The Company has significant experience with substantially all of the initial hotels, and has actively monitored each hotels operations and closely collaborated with the applicable third-party hotel management company to whom day-to-day management of such hotels operations has been delegated. On the basis of that experience and the Companys senior management teams experience in the lodging industry generally, the Company believes that the pro forma financial results for these hotels for the 12 months ended December 31, 2010 form an appropriate basis to estimate the income and cash flow that will be available to the Company to fund its initial distributions to shareholders. Furthermore, the Company believes its assumptions regarding the income and cash flow available to fund distributions are conservative. In fact, the Companys assumptions reflect what the Company believes to be a near-worst case scenario in terms of its ability to generate cash available for distribution, in light of the fact that a portion of the 12-month period ended December 31, 2010 includes the worst operating environment for the hotel industry in many years. Based on recent trends, the year-to-date results of operations of the initial hotels, and projections for lodging fundamentals, the Company believes it has a meaningful and appropriate basis from which it can project its cash available for distribution.
In addition, the Company is not changing hotel management companies at any of its hotels and does not believe that its proposed re-branding activities adversely impact its ability to predict with confidence its cash available for distribution to shareholders. First, the Company
currently expects to re-brand only 5 of the 140 hotels in its portfolio. These hotels represent only 3.6% of the number of hotels in the Companys initial portfolio and generate only approximately 3.1% of the Companys pro forma total revenue. Second, each of the hotels that the Company expects to re-brand is currently either unaffiliated with a hotel brand or is not affiliated with one of the premium hotel brands that the Company utilizes for the substantial majority of its initial portfolio. As a result, the Company expects that re-branding these hotels will have a positive impact on its revenues and cash available for distribution. Finally, each of the re-branded hotels will continue to be managed by the same hotel management company that has historically managed the hotel under the Predecessors ownership, and each such hotel management company manages other hotels under the same premium brand, which the Company believes will minimize transitional issues.
The Company also believes that it has provided meaningful disclosure on pages 51 and 52 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Distribution Policy to apprise potential investors of the risks and uncertainties relating to the estimation of the initial dividend distribution rate. In particular, the Company cautions investors that the Companys estimate of cash available for distribution may not prove accurate and that actual distributions may be significantly below the expected distributions as a result of, among other factors, the actual revenue received from the Companys hotels. The Company also notes that other hotel REITs (including Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. and DiamondRock Hospitality Company) have established an initial dividend distribution rate in their IPO prospectuses based on methodologies and disclosure that are similar to those of the Company.
Dilution, page 55
9. Please advise us whether you intend to include the disclosure described in the first sentence of Item 506 of Regulation S-K. We may have further comment.
Response to Comment No. 9
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has inserted disclosure on pages 55 and 56 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Dilution that is consistent with the requirements of Item 506 of Regulation S-K.
Key Indicators of Operating Performance, page 60
10. We are not able to understand the significance of the RevPAR penetration index. Please provide a more detailed description of the index in the prospectus, including a description of how it is calculated. In addition, please provide us support for the disclosed calculations.
Response to Comment No. 10
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has revised the disclosure on page 62 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of OperationsKey Indicators of Operating Performance to clarify the RevPAR penetration index and its significance to the Company. In addition, the Company supplementally is delivering support to the Staff for the portfolio-wide RevPAR penetration index calculations disclosed in Amendment No. 1.
Investments in Hotels, page 62
11. Please revise your discussion of your critical accounting policy Investment in Hotels, to provide more detailed information about the significant assumptions and estimates made in your analysis of your hotel properties for impairment. Please disclose whether or not any properties were evaluated for impairment during 2010. For the properties evaluated for impairment in 2009, disclose the number of properties that were evaluated for impairment, and the extent to which you used each valuation technique. To the extent you used discounted cash flow models, please disclose the significant assumptions used in your models, such as the average discount rate assumed.
Response to Comment No. 11
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has revised the disclosure on pages 64 and 65 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsCritical Accounting PoliciesInvestments in Hotels to provide, to the extent applicable, disclosure responsive to the Staffs request.
Revolving Credit Facility, page 80
12. Please advise us of the basis for your belief regarding the revolving credit facility. Please provide us a copy of any term sheet or letter of intent.
Response to Comment No. 12
The Company respectfully submits that it is engaged in ongoing negotiations with prospective lenders, including affiliates of each of the joint bookrunners for the Companys initial public offering, regarding the terms of the revolving credit facility. No definitive terms for the revolving credit facility have been agreed to with any lender. The Company anticipates entering into a commitment letter with respect to the revolving credit facility prior to distributing preliminary prospectuses to prospective investors. On the basis of these ongoing negotiations, the Company believes there is factual support for its statements regarding the revolving credit facility. The Company will provide the Staff a copy of any term sheet, letter of intent or commitment letter with respect to the revolving credit facility as soon as such term sheet, letter of intent or commitment letter is available.
Sources and Uses of Cash, page 82
13. Please provide a more detailed analysis of your anticipated uses of cash in 2011 and 2012, including debt principal and interest payments, dividend commitments, acquisitions (we note your contract to purchase the Hampton Inn Houston, your acquisition pipeline disclosure and your disclosed strategy to make distressed acquisitions), anticipated capital expenditures (including those related to your property improvement plans) and other material cash uses. Please describe the sources of cash you anticipate using for these purposes.
Response to Comment No. 13
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has revised the disclosure on page 76 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources to insert cross references to other disclosure in Amendment No. 1 that provides, to the extent applicable, information responsive to the Staffs comment requesting greater detail of the Companys anticipated uses of cash in 2011 and 2012. The Company respectfully submits, however, that it is unable to provide greater detail regarding its acquisition pipeline or its strategy of acquiring distressed assets because no such acquisitions are probable at this time. In addition, the Company respectfully submits that the existing disclosure on pages 76 and 77 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources already provides information regarding the Companys anticipated sources of cash to meet its short- and long-term liquidity requirements, as well as factors that may materially and adversely affect the Companys ability access to such sources of cash.
14. Please include disclosure analyzing how the financial covenants in your indebtedness may restrict your ability to incur additional debt to finance these uses. Please disclose your pro forma unencumbered asset base.
Response to Comment No. 14
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has inserted disclosure on page 77 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources to provide disclosure responsive to the Staffs comment.
The U.S. Lodging Industry and Market Opportunity, page 90
15. We note that certain disclosures are attributed to Colliers PKF Hospitality Research. Please provide an analysis as to why these disclosures are not expertized disclosure and why a consent is not required pursuant to Rule 436.
Response to Comment No. 15
The Company respectfully submits that none of the publications cited in Amendment No. 1, including publications attributed to Colliers PKF Hospitality Research, Smith Travel Research or the International Monetary Fund, constitute information from a report or opinion of an expert or counsel and accordingly do not fall within the scope of Rule 436 under the Securities Act. Each of the sources cited are publicly available either at no cost or upon payment of a subscription fee. Furthermore, the publications cited in Amendment No. 1 were neither funded by the Company nor were created under the direction of or at the request of the Company. As a result of the foregoing, the Company respectfully submits that consents are not required.
Geographic Diversification, page 98
16. Please expand the table to include percentage of revenue for each region.
Response to Comment No. 16
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has revised the table on page 95 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Our Business and PropertiesOur Initial HotelsGeographic Diversification to include the percentage of total pro forma revenue attributable to each region presented in the table.
Our Financing Strategy, page 107
17. The disclosure does not provide meaningful information to investors regarding your financing strategy. Please provide more detailed disclosure regarding your strategy, including your targeted company leverage, your relative use of fixed and floating rate debt, and your relative use of secured versus unsecured debt.
Response to Comment No. 17
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has revised the disclosure on page 101 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Our Business and PropertiesOur Financing Strategy to provide additional information regarding the Companys financing strategy. In addition, the Company has made corresponding revisions on page 6 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Prospectus SummaryOur Financing Strategy.
Term Loan, page 110
18. Please disclose your pro forma financial covenant calculations.
Response to Comment No. 18
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has revised the disclosure on page 105 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Our Business and PropertiesOur IndebtednessTerm Loan to provide the Companys pro forma financial covenant calculations.
Formation Transactions, page 138
19. The disclosure on the bottom of page 139 states that you will assume $1.3 billion in debt and then pay down indebtedness with the proceeds of the offering. However, from your pro forma financial statements and other disclosure in the prospectus, it appears that $1.3 billion is the amount of debt that will be outstanding after application of the proceeds. Please advise or revise.
Response to Comment No. 19
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has revised the disclosure on page 133 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Structure and Formation of Our CompanyFormation Transactions to clarify that the approximately $1.3 billion of indebtedness being assumed by the Company in connection with the formation transactions gives effect to the application of the net proceeds of the offering.
Conflicts of Interest, page 190
20. Please disclose any actual historical investment banking and commercial dealings between the underwriters and the Company or its affiliates.
Response to Comment No. 20
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company has revised the disclosure on page 184 of Amendment No. 1 to clarify that the there have been historical commercial dealings between affiliates of certain of the underwriters and the Company, but that there have not been historical investment banking relationships between the Company and any of the underwriters or their affiliates. As disclosed in the Registration Statement and Amendment No. 1, an affiliate of Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, an underwriter in the offering, is a lender under seven outstanding loans, of which two will be repaid with a portion of the net proceeds of the offering. With the exception of these loans and certain bank accounts that the Company maintains with institutions affiliated with certain of the underwriters (for which the Company pays customary fees), there have been no historical investment banking or commercial dealings with the underwriters or their affiliates. Accordingly, the Company respectfully believes that, other than the clarifying changes referred to above, no additional disclosure is necessary regarding actual historical investment banking and commercial dealings between the underwriters or their affiliates and the Company.
Index to Financial Statements, page F-1
21. Please tell us how you determined you are not required to include audited financial statements of any acquired businesses. Refer to Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X.
Response to Comment No. 21
In response to the Staffs comment, the Company respectfully advises the Staff that, in accordance with Rule 3-05 of Regulation S-X (Rule 3-05), the Company assessed the need for the inclusion of separate pre-acquisition audited financial statements of hotel acquisitions both at the time of filing the initial Registration Statement and again at the time of filing this Amendment No. 1. As part of the Rule 3-05 significance analysis, the Company performed a detailed investment and income test. The Company did not perform a detailed asset test as the Company does not believe that test would result in achieving significance greater than the investment test due to the nature of the acquisitions. In particular, the Companys acquisitions are of hotels, representing real estate and hotel operations, and are subject to FAS 144 accounting that would require the seller to assess the assets for impairment if the fair value was less than the carrying amounts. In addition, the Company has purchased these hotels at fair value and the acquisitions do not represent a bargain purchase. The Company performed the following analyses:
As part of the Companys initial Registration Statement, the Company included audited financial statements of the Predecessor for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2008 and 2007 and unaudited financial statements for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2009. In accordance with Rule 3-05, the Company assessed two groups of acquisitions: those consummated during the year ended December 31, 2009 (Group 1) and those consummated or deemed probable from January 1, 2010 through the date of filing the initial Registration Statement (Group 2).
· Group 1 - Although the Company performed the relevant significance tests for this group and none of the thresholds in those tests were met (as set forth on Exhibit 1 hereto), the Company notes that there were only two hotels acquired by the Predecessor during 2009 and those acquisitions occurred in the first two months of 2009. In light of the fact that those hotels were included in the Predecessors audited financial results for more than nine months of the year, the Company concluded that no Rule 3-05 financial statements were required for Group 1.
· Group 2: As set forth in the calculations prepared by the Company, which are set forth on Exhibit 2 hereto, the Company performed the relevant tests for all consummated and probable acquisitions as of the date it filed the Registration Statement and the Company did not meet the thresholds set out in Rule 3-05 either individually or in the aggregate, and therefore determined that no pre-acquisition financial statements were required.
As part of Amendment No. 1, the Company included audited financial statements of the Predecessor for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. As noted above, the Company did not meet the significance thresholds for Group 2. Therefore, the Company only performed significance tests for acquisitions consummated or deemed probable from January 1, 2011 through the date of filing Amendment No. 1 (Group 3). As set forth on Exhibit 3 hereto, there were no individually significant acquisitions in Group 3 and, in the aggregate, the individually insignificant hotel acquisitions were not significant at the 50% level. Accordingly, the Company determined that no pre-acquisition financial statements were required to be included in the initial Registration Statement or Amendment No. 1.
The Company advises the Staff that it will continue to update its analyses, to the extent warranted, in a manner consistent with the procedures described above.
Item 36, Financial Statement and Exhibits, page II-3
22. Please submit all exhibits as promptly as possible. We will review the exhibits prior to granting effectiveness of the registration statement and may have further comments after our review. If you are not in a position to file legal and tax opinions with the next amendment, please provide draft copies for us to review. In addition, we note the exhibit list includes form of agreements. Please advise us if you do not intend on filing final, executed agreements prior to effectiveness of the registration statement.
Response to Comment No. 22
The Company acknowledges the Staffs comment and respectfully submits that it will file any exhibits to the registration statement with the Commission as soon as possible once such exhibits are available. In response to the Staffs request, we have provided drafts of our legal and tax opinions as Exhibit 4 hereto.
Furthermore, in response to the Staffs comment regarding form of agreements, the Company respectfully advises the Staff that it intends to execute the various form of agreements listed as Exhibits 1.1, 4.2, 4.3, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5 and 10.6 to the registration statement either immediately prior to pricing, or concurrently with the closing, of the offering. As such, the Company is not able to file final, executed agreements prior to the effectiveness of the Companys to the registration statement for certain listed exhibits. The Company has chosen to file only a form of one of the Wachovia mortgages and notes each listed on Exhibits 10.11 and 10.12 to the registration statement, respectively, because each of the Wachovia loans are secured on a cross-collateralized basis by 43 of the Companys initial hotels and are subject to mortgages or deeds of trusts containing substantially the same terms and conditions, as disclosed on page 104 of Amendment No. 1 under the heading Our Business and PropertiesOur IndebtednessWachovia Loans. Similarly, the Company has chosen to file only a form of one WLS Management Agreement, listed on Exhibit 10.13 to the registration statement, because the Company has entered into 99 WLS Management Agreements that contain substantially the same terms and conditions as disclosed beginning on page 106 of
Amendment No. 1 under the heading Our Principal AgreementsHotel Management AgreementsWLS Hotel Management Agreements.
The Company understands that, pursuant to Instruction 1 to Item 601 of Regulation S-K, it will not be permitted to incorporate by reference to any form of agreements and, as such, intends to file a Form 8-K with executed agreements within four business days of the closing of the offering.
* * * *
The Company respectfully believes that the proposed modifications to the Registration Statement, and the supplemental information contained herein, are responsive to the Staffs comments. If you have any questions or would like further information concerning the Companys responses to your Comment Letter, please do not hesitate to contact me at (202) 637-5868.
|
Sincerely, |
|
|
|
/s/ David W. Bonser |
|
David W. Bonser |
cc: |
Thomas J. Baltimore, Jr. |
|
Leslie D. Hale |
|
RLJ Lodging Trust |
|
Edward F. Petrosky |
|
Bartholomew A. Sheehan, III |
|
Sidley Austin LLP |
|
J. Warren Gorrell, Jr. |
|
James E. Showen |
|
Hogan Lovells US LLP |
Significant Subsidiary Test - As of Date of Registration Statement Filing (Group 1) |
|
Exhibit 1 |
|
|
Audited 12/31/2008 |
| ||||
|
|
Total Assets |
|
Pre-tax Loss |
| ||
Predecessor |
|
$ |
2,213,108,000 |
|
$ |
(31,432,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Predecessor at 20% |
|
$ |
442,621,600 |
|
$ |
6,286,400 |
|
Predecessor at 50% |
|
$ |
1,106,554,000 |
|
$ |
15,716,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Test |
|
Income Test |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
Acquisition |
|
|
|
2009 Income before |
| ||||||
|
|
|
|
Date |
|
Purchase Price |
|
taxes |
| ||||||
Acquired Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Hilton Garden Inn Bloomington |
|
1 |
|
8-Jan-09 |
|
$ |
20,734,129 |
|
0.9 |
% |
$ |
224,599 |
|
0.7 |
% |
Hilton Garden Inn New York / West 35th Street |
|
1 |
|
25-Feb-09 |
|
128,443,082 |
|
5.8 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
%(A) | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Aggregate Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
149,177,211 |
|
6.7 |
% |
$ |
224,599 |
|
0.7 |
% |
(A) |
|
This hotel property was closed and under construction in 2008 and did not have any historical business operations. By way of analogy to the staffs Financial Reporting Manual (FRM) section 2330.10, we do not believe that historical pre-acquisition financial statements would have been applicable had significance under S-X 3-05 been met but we have included these in the analysis above for illustrative purposes and that there is no comparative clear guidance related to hotel properties that fall under S-X 3-05 rather than S-X 3-14. |
Significant Subsidiary Test - As of Date of Registration Statement Filing (Group 2) |
|
Exhibit 2 |
|
|
Audited 12/31/2009 |
| ||||
|
|
Total Assets |
|
Pre-tax Loss |
| ||
Predecessor |
|
$ |
2,202,865,000 |
|
$ |
(168,455,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Predecessor at 20% |
|
$ |
440,573,000 |
|
$ |
33,691,000 |
|
Predecessor at 50% |
|
$ |
1,101,432,500 |
|
$ |
84,227,500 |
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Test |
|
Income Test |
|
Income Test |
| |||||||||
|
|
Acquisition |
|
|
|
2009 Income before |
|
2009 Loss before |
| |||||||||
|
|
Date |
|
Purchase Price |
|
taxes |
|
taxes |
| |||||||||
Acquired Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Embassy Suites Tampa |
1 |
15-Apr-10 |
|
$ |
77,456,812 |
|
3.5 |
% |
$ |
5,550,000 |
|
3.3 |
% |
|
|
|
| |
Red Roof Inn DC |
1 |
1-Jun-10 |
|
40,819,052 |
|
1.9 |
% |
3,261,000 |
|
1.9 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
Embassy Suites Ft Myers |
1 |
23-Jun-10 |
|
13,493,833 |
|
0.6 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
% |
$ |
(39,000 |
) |
0.0 |
% | ||
Homewood Suites Washington |
1 |
1-Jul-10 |
|
59,422,391 |
|
2.7 |
% |
4,458,000 |
|
2.6 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
NY/Fashion District |
1 |
22-Sep-10 |
|
124,833,991 |
|
5.7 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
%(A) |
|
|
|
| |||
HIS Denver Tech Center |
1 |
14-Oct-10 |
|
13,042,074 |
|
0.6 |
% |
120,000 |
|
0.1 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
Garden District Hotel New Orleans |
1 |
26-Oct-10 |
|
6,564,586 |
|
0.3 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
%(A) |
|
|
|
| |||
Integrated Capital Portfolio |
3 |
5-Nov-10 |
|
91,573,197 |
|
4.2 |
% |
5,885,000 |
|
3.5 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
HGI New Orleans Convention Center |
1 |
16-Nov-10 |
|
25,414,786 |
|
1.2 |
% |
953,000 |
|
0.6 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
Green Park Portfolio |
2 |
18-Nov-10 |
|
26,164,289 |
|
1.2 |
% |
2,013,000 |
|
1.2 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
Hollywood Heights Hotel |
1 |
17-Dec-10 |
|
29,381,371 |
|
1.3 |
% |
1,175,000 |
|
0.7 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
Doubletree Metropolitan Hotel NYC |
1 |
23-Dec-10 |
|
339,941,963 |
|
15.4 |
% |
16,976,000 |
|
10.1 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
Embassy Suites Columbus |
1 |
11-Jan-11 |
|
9,548,896 |
|
0.4 |
% |
626,000 |
|
0.4 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
Renaissance Pittsburgh |
1 |
12-Jan-11 |
|
47,803,678 |
|
2.2 |
% |
2,781,000 |
|
1.7 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
Lodgian Portfolio |
4 |
17-Jan-11 |
|
101,489,214 |
|
4.6 |
% |
8,335,000 |
|
4.9 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
Archon Portfolio |
2 |
26-Jan-11 |
|
28,996,514 |
|
1.3 |
% |
1,755,000 |
|
1.0 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Aggregate Acquired Acquisitions |
|
|
|
1,035,946,647 |
|
47.0 |
% |
53,888,000 |
|
32.0 |
% |
(39,000 |
) |
0.0 |
% | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Probable Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Hampton Inn - Houston Near the Galleria |
1 |
14-Mar-11 |
|
20,390,187 |
|
0.9 |
% |
1,767,000 |
|
1.0 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Sub-Total |
|
|
|
20,390,187 |
|
|
|
1,767,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Total |
|
|
|
$ |
1,056,336,834 |
|
48.0 |
% |
$ |
55,655,000 |
|
33.0 |
% |
$ |
(39,000 |
) |
0.0 |
% |
(A) |
|
These hotel properties were either closed or under construction during 2009 and did not have any historical business operations. By way of analogy to the staffs Financial Reporting Manual (FRM) section 2330.10, we do not believe that historical pre-acquisition financial statements would have been applicable had significance under S-X 3-05 been met but we have included these in the analysis above for illustrative purposes and that there is no comparative clear guidance related to hotel properties that fall under S-X 3-05 rather than S-X 3-14. |
Significant Subsidiary Test - As of Date of the Amended Registration Statement Filing (Group 3) |
|
Exhibit 3 |
|
|
Audited 12/31/2010 |
| ||||
|
|
Total Assets |
|
Pre-tax Loss |
| ||
Predecessor |
|
$ |
3,044,646,000 |
|
$ |
(45,462,000 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
| ||
Predecessor at 20% |
|
$ |
608,929,200 |
|
$ |
9,092,400 |
|
Predecessor at 50% |
|
$ |
1,522,323,000 |
|
$ |
22,731,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Investment Test |
|
Income Test |
|
Income Test |
| |||||||||
|
|
|
|
Acquisition |
|
|
|
2010 Income before |
|
|
| |||||||||
|
|
|
|
Date |
|
Purchase Price |
|
taxes |
|
2010 Loss before taxes |
| |||||||||
Acquired Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Embassy Suites Columbus |
|
1 |
|
11-Jan-11 |
|
$ |
9,548,896 |
|
0.3 |
% |
$ |
3,631,000 |
|
8.0 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
% | |
Renaissance Pittsburgh |
|
1 |
|
12-Jan-11 |
|
47,803,678 |
|
1.6 |
% |
426,000 |
|
0.9 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
% | |||
Lodgian Portfolio |
|
4 |
|
17-Jan-11 |
|
101,489,214 |
|
3.3 |
% |
6,677,000 |
|
14.7 |
% |
|
|
0.0 |
% | |||
Archon Portfolio |
|
2 |
|
26-Jan-11 |
|
28,996,514 |
|
1.0 |
% |
1,859,000 |
|
4.1 |
% |
$ |
(108,369 |
) |
0.2 |
% | ||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Aggregate Acquired Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
187,838,302 |
|
6.2 |
% |
12,593,000 |
|
27.7 |
% |
(108,369 |
) |
0.2 |
% | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Probable Acquisitions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Hampton Inn - Houston Near the Galleria |
|
1 |
|
14-Mar-11 |
|
20,390,187 |
|
0.7 |
% |
1,878,000 |
|
4.1 |
% |
|
|
|
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Sub-total |
|
|
|
|
|
20,390,187 |
|
|
|
1,878,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |||
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
208,228,489 |
|
6.8 |
% |
$ |
14,471,000 |
|
31.8 |
% |
$ |
(108,369 |
) |
0.2 |
% |
Exhibit 4
Exhibit 5.1
[·], 2011
Board of Trustees
RLJ Lodging Trust
3 Bethesda Metro Center
Suite 1000
Bethesda, MD 20814
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are acting as counsel to RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the Company), in connection with its registration statement on Form S-11, as amended (file no. 333-172011) (the Registration Statement) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Act), relating to the proposed public offering of up to common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share (the Common Shares) of the Company (the Shares), all of which shares are to be sold by the Company pursuant to the proposed form of Underwriting Agreement among the Company and the underwriters named therein (the Underwriters), filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement (the Underwriting Agreement). This opinion letter is furnished to you at your request to enable you to fulfill the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K, 17 C.F.R. § 229.601(b)(5), in connection with the Registration Statement.
For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined copies of such agreements, instruments and documents as we have deemed an appropriate basis on which to render the opinions hereinafter expressed. In our examination of the aforesaid documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the accuracy and completeness of all documents submitted to us, the authenticity of all original documents, and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies (including telecopies). We also have assumed that the Shares will not be issued in violation of the ownership limit contained in the Companys Declaration of Trust. As to all matters of fact, we have relied on the representations and statements of fact made in the documents so reviewed, and we have not independently established the facts so relied on. This opinion letter is given, and all statements herein are made, in the context of the foregoing.
This opinion letter is based as to matters of law solely on the applicable provisions of Title 8 of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland, as amended, and applicable provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended. We express no opinion herein as to any other laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, or regulations. As used herein, the term Title 8 of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland, as amended and Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended includes the applicable statutory provisions
contained therein, all applicable provisions of the Maryland Constitution and reported judicial decisions interpreting these laws.
Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing, we are of the opinion that following (i) execution and delivery by the Company of the Underwriting Agreement, (ii) effectiveness of the Registration Statement, (iii) issuance of the Shares pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, and (iv) receipt by the Company of the consideration for the Shares specified in the resolutions of the Board of Trustees, or a duly authorized committee thereof, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable.
This opinion letter has been prepared for use in connection with the Registration Statement. We assume no obligation to advise you of any changes in the foregoing subsequent to the effective date of the Registration Statement.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the caption Legal Matters in the prospectus constituting a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are an expert within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
|
Very truly yours, |
|
|
|
DRAFT |
|
|
|
HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP |
Exhibit 8.1
[·], 2011
Board of Trustees
RLJ Lodging Trust
3 Bethesda Metro Center
Suite 1000
Bethesda, MD 20814
Ladies and Gentlemen:
We are acting as counsel to RLJ Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the Company), in connection with (i) its registration statement on Form S-11, as amended (file no. 333-172011) (the Registration Statement, which includes the Prospectus), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the proposed initial public offering of up to [·] common shares of beneficial interest (including [·] common shares of beneficial interest that may be purchased pursuant to the overallotment option), par value $0.01 per share, of the Company, and (ii) the series of transactions related to such initial public offering referred to collectively in the Prospectus as the formation transactions under the caption Structure and Formation of Our Company Formation Transactions, including, without limitation:
· the merger of RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P. and RLJ Lodging Fund II (PF #1), L.P. (each a Delaware limited partnership and, collectively, Fund II) with and into the Company, with the Company surviving (the Fund II Merger), on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in that certain merger agreement by and among Fund II, the Company, and RLJ Capital Partners II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, dated February 1, 2011 (the Fund II Merger Agreement),
· the merger of RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P. and RLJ Real Estate Fund III (PF #1), L.P. (each a Delaware limited partnership and, collectively, Fund III), with and into the Company, with the Company surviving (the Fund III Merger and, collectively with the Fund II Merger, the Primary Mergers), on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in that certain merger agreement by and among Fund III, the Company and RLJ Capital Partners III,
LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, dated February 1, 2011 (the Fund III Merger Agreement and, collectively with the Fund II Merger Agreement, the Fund Merger Agreements),
· immediately following the Primary Mergers, and as an integrated step in a single plan with the Primary Mergers, the merger of each of the subsidiary real estate investment trusts of Fund II, RLJ Lodging II REIT, LLC and RLJ Lodging II REIT (PF #1), LLC (each, a Delaware limited liability company that has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (a REIT) within the meaning of Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), and, collectively, the Fund II REITs), and certain of the subsidiary REITs of Fund III, RLJ Real Estate III REIT, LLC and RLJ Real Estate III REIT (PF #1), LLC (each, a Delaware limited liability company that has elected to be taxed as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, collectively, the Fund III REITs, and, collectively with the Fund II REITs, the Old REITs), with and into the Company, with the Company surviving each of the mergers (each, a Secondary Merger, and, collectively, the Secondary Mergers, and the Secondary Mergers together with the Primary Mergers, the Integrated Mergers), on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in that certain merger agreement by and among the Company and the Fund II REITs, dated [·], 2011 (the Fund II REIT Merger Agreement), and in that certain merger agreement by and among the Company and the Fund III REITs, dated [·], 2011 (the Fund III REIT Merger Agreement and, collectively with the Fund II REIT Merger Agreement, the REIT Merger Agreements, and, collectively with the Fund Merger Agreements, the Merger Agreements); and
· as a result of the Secondary Mergers, the cancellation, for no consideration, of the membership interests acquired by the Company in each of the Old REITs, and the cancellation, in exchange for cash in an amount equal to the current applicable redemption price, of all of the preferred units of each Old REIT.
In connection with the filing of the Registration Statement, we have been asked to provide you with this letter regarding the Companys qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes and certain other U.S. federal income tax matters. Capitalized terms used herein, unless otherwise defined in the body of this letter, shall have the meanings set forth in Appendix A.
Bases for Opinions
The opinions set forth in this letter are based on relevant current provisions of the Code, Treasury Regulations thereunder (including proposed and temporary Treasury Regulations), and interpretations of the foregoing as expressed in court decisions, applicable legislative history, and the administrative rulings and practices of the Internal Revenue Service (the IRS), including its practices and policies in issuing private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS except with respect to a taxpayer that receives such a ruling, all as of the date hereof. These provisions and interpretations are subject to change by the IRS, Congress and the courts (as applicable),
which may or may not be retroactive in effect and that might result in material modifications of our opinions. Our opinions do not foreclose the possibility of a contrary determination by the IRS or a court of competent jurisdiction, or of a contrary position taken by the IRS or the Treasury Department in regulations or rulings issued in the future. In this regard, an opinion of counsel with respect to an issue represents counsels best professional judgment with respect to the outcome on the merits with respect to such issue, if such issue were to be litigated, but an opinion is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and is not a guarantee that the IRS will not assert a contrary position with respect to such issue or that a court will not sustain such a position asserted by the IRS.
In rendering the following opinions, we have examined such statutes, regulations, records, agreements, certificates and other documents as we have considered necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinions, including, but not limited to, the following documents (including all exhibits and schedules thereto) which we have, with your consent, relied upon (without any independent investigation or review thereof):
(1) the Registration Statement, including the Prospectus;
(2) each of the Merger Agreements;
(3) the Declaration of Trust of the Company, dated as of January 31, 2011, as amended through the date hereof (the Articles of Declaration of Trust);
(4) the [amended and restated] agreement of limited partnership, dated [·], 2011, of RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (RLJ LP);
(5) the Limited Liability Company Agreement of RLJ Lodging II REIT, LLC, dated April 6, 2006, and the First Amendment thereto, dated October 3, 2006, the Limited Liability Company Agreement of RLJ Lodging II REIT (PF #1), LLC, dated April 6, 2006, and the First Amendment thereto, dated October 3, 2006, the Limited Liability Company Agreement of RLJ Real Estate III REIT, LLC, dated July 27, 2007, and the First Amendment thereto, dated December 17, 2007, and the Limited Liability Company Agreement of RLJ Real Estate III REIT (PF #1), LLC, dated July 27, 2007, and the First Amendment thereto, dated December 17, 2007, all as amended through the date hereof;
(6) the Third Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of RLJ Lodging Fund II, L.P., dated January 15, 2007, the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of RLJ Lodging Fund II (PF #1), L.P., dated January 15, 2007, the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of RLJ Real Estate Fund III, L.P., dated April 3, 2009, and the Second Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of RLJ Real Estate Fund III (PF #1), L.P., dated April 3, 2009;
(7) the merger agreement dated [·], 2011 by and among RLJ Lodging Trust, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, RLJ Lodging II Master, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and RLJ Real Estate III Master, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company;
(8) the Limited Liability Company Agreement of RLJ Lodging II Master, LLC, dated April 6, 2006, and the Limited Liability Company Agreement of RLJ Real Estate III Master, LLC, dated July 27, 2007;
(9) the Certificate of Incorporation of RLJ III MH Denver Airport, Inc., dated July 13, 2010, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation of RLJ III C Buckhead, Inc., dated July 19, 2010, and the Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation of RLJ III EM West Palm Beach, Inc., dated July 16, 2010, all as amended through the date hereof;
(10) certain of the Leases; and
(11) such other documents as we deemed necessary or appropriate.
The documents referred to in clauses (1) through (11) above are referred to hereinafter as the Reviewed Documents.
The opinions set forth in this letter are premised on, among other things, the written representations of the Company, RLJ LP, Fund II, Fund III and the Old REITs contained in a letter to us dated as of the date hereof (the Management Representation Letter). Although we have discussed the Management Representation Letter with the signatories thereto, for purposes of rendering our opinions, we have not made an independent investigation or audit of the facts set forth in the Reviewed Documents and the Management Representation Letter. We consequently have relied upon the representations and statements set forth in the Reviewed Documents and the Management Representation Letter and assumed that the information presented in such documents or otherwise furnished to us is accurate and complete in all material respects.
In this regard, we have assumed or obtained representations regarding (and, with your consent, are relying upon) the following:
(i) that (A) all of the representations and statements set forth in the Reviewed Documents and the Management Representation Letter are true, correct, and complete, (B) any representation or statement made as a belief or made to the knowledge of or similarly qualified is correct and accurate as if made without such qualification, and that such representation or statement will continue to be correct and accurate, without such qualification, (C) each of the Reviewed Documents that constitutes an agreement, or each agreement described in a
Reviewed Document or in the Management Representation Letter, is valid and binding in accordance with its terms, and (D) each of the obligations imposed by or described in the Reviewed Documents or in the Management Representation Letter, including, without limitation, the obligations imposed under the Articles of Declaration of Trust of the Company and the Limited Liability Company Agreements of each of the Old REITs, as amended, has been and will continue to be performed or satisfied in accordance with its terms;
(ii) the genuineness of all signatures, the proper execution of all documents, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to originals of documents submitted to us as copies, and the authenticity of the originals from which any copies were made;
(iii) that any documents as to which we have reviewed only a form were or will be duly executed without material changes from the form reviewed by us;
(iv) that (A) each of the Primary Mergers and the Secondary Mergers will be consummated in accordance with the applicable Fund Merger Agreement or REIT Merger Agreement, respectively, and in accordance with, and will qualify as a merger under, applicable state law; and (B) each other transaction described as part of the formation transactions under the caption Structure and Formation of Our Company Formation Transactions in the Prospectus will be consummated in accordance with the applicable transaction document;
(v) that commencing with their taxable years ending December 31, 2010, each of the Subsidiary REITs has been organized and has operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code; and
(vi) that, from and after the date of this letter, the Company will comply with its representation contained in the Management Representation Letter that it will utilize all appropriate savings provisions (including the provisions of Sections 856(c)(6), 856(c)(7), and 856(g) of the Code, and the provision included in Section 856(c)(4) of the Code (flush language) allowing for the disposal of assets within 30 days after the close of a calendar quarter, and all available deficiency dividend procedures) available to the Company under the Code in order to correct any violations of the applicable REIT qualification requirements of Sections 856 and 857 of the Code, to the full extent the remedies under such provisions are available, but only to the extent available.
Any material variation or difference in the facts from those set forth in the documents that we have reviewed and upon which we have relied (including, in particular, the Registration Statement, including the Prospectus, and the Management Representation Letter) may adversely affect the conclusions stated herein.
Opinions
Based upon, subject to, and limited by the assumptions and qualifications set forth herein (including those set forth below), we are of the opinion that:
(1) the Company has been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as REIT under the Code, and the Companys current organization and proposed method of operation (as described in the Registration Statement, including the Prospectus, and the Management Representation Letter), giving effect to the Integrated Mergers, will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for its taxable year ending December 31, 2011, and for future taxable years;
(2) commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2006, in the case of the Fund II REITS, and December 31, 2007, in the case of the Fund III REITs, each of the Old REITs has been organized and has operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code;
(3) commencing with the taxable year ending December 31, 2006, in the case of Fund II, and December 31, 2007, in the case of Fund III, each of Fund II and Fund III has been since its formation, and continues to be, treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a partnership and not as a corporation or association taxable as a corporation; and
(4) the portions of the discussion in the Prospectus under the caption Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations that describe provisions of applicable U.S. federal income tax law are correct in all material respects as of the date hereof.
* * * * *
The qualification and taxation of each of the Company and the Old REITs as a REIT depends in particular upon whether each of the Leases is respected as a lease for federal income tax purposes. If one or more Leases are not respected as leases for federal income tax purposes, the Company may fail to qualify as a REIT, or one or more of the Old REITs or the Subsidiary
REITs may be determined to have failed to qualify as a REIT in one or more taxable years. Following the Integrated Mergers, the failure of one or more of the Old REITs or the Subsidiary REITs to have qualified as a REIT in any year may cause the Company also to fail to qualify as a REIT unless certain requirements are satisfied. The determination of whether the Leases are leases for federal income tax purposes is highly dependent on specific facts and circumstances. In addition, for the rents payable under a Lease to qualify as rents from real property under the Code, the rental provisions of the Leases and the other terms thereof must conform with normal business practice and not be used as a means to base the rent paid on the income or profits of the lessees. In delivering the opinions set forth above relating to the qualification and taxation of each of the Company and the Old REITs as REITs under the Code, we expressly rely upon, among other things, the representations in the Management Representation Letter as to various factual matters with respect to the Leases, including representations as to the commercial reasonableness of the economic and other terms of the Leases at the times the Leases were originally entered into and subsequently renewed or extended (and taking into account for this purpose changes to the economic and other terms of the Leases pursuant to subsequent amendments), the intent and economic expectations of the parties to the Leases, the allocation of various economic risks between the parties to the Leases, taking into account all surrounding facts and circumstances, the conformity of the rental provisions and other terms of the Leases with normal business practice, the conduct of the parties to the Leases, and the conclusion that such terms are not being, and will not be, used as a means to base the rent paid on the income or profits of the Lessees. We express no opinion as to any of the economic terms of the Leases, the commercial reasonableness thereof, or whether the actual economic relationships created thereby are such that the Leases will be respected for federal income tax purposes or whether the rental and other terms of the Leases conform with normal business practice (and are not being used as a means to base the rent paid on the income or profits of the Lessees).
The Companys qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code will depend upon the ability of the Company to meet on an ongoing basis (through actual quarterly and annual operating results, distribution levels, diversity of stock ownership and otherwise) the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, and upon the Company utilizing any and all appropriate savings provisions (including the provisions of Sections 856(c)(6), 856(c)(7), and 856(g) of the Code and the provision included in Section 856(c)(4) of the Code (flush language) allowing for the disposal of assets within 30 days after the close of a calendar quarter, and all available deficiency dividend procedures) available to the Company under the Code to correct violations of specified REIT qualification requirements of Sections 856 and 857 of the Code. Our opinions set forth above do not foreclose the possibility that the Company may have to utilize one or more of these savings provisions in the future, which could require the Company to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to maintain its REIT qualification. We have not undertaken to review the Companys compliance with these requirements on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of the Companys operations, the sources of its income, the nature of its assets, the level of its distributions to stockholders and the diversity of its stock ownership for any given taxable year will satisfy the requirements under the Code for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
This opinion letter addresses only the specific federal income tax matters set forth above and does not address any other federal, state, local or foreign tax issues.
This opinion letter has been prepared for your use in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement and speaks as of the date hereof. We assume no obligation by reason of this opinion letter or otherwise to advise you of any changes in our opinion subsequent to the delivery of this opinion letter. Except as provided in the next paragraph, this opinion letter may not be distributed, quoted in whole or in part or otherwise reproduced in any document, or filed with any governmental agency without our express written consent.
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 8.1 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to Hogan Lovells US LLP under the caption Legal Matters in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, however, we do not admit thereby that we are an expert within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
|
Very truly yours, |
|
|
|
DRAFT |
|
|
|
HOGAN LOVELLS US LLP |
Appendix A
Definitions
Hotel means each hotel in which the Company will have, after giving effect to the Integrated Mergers, or any Old REIT has had, before giving effect to the Integrated Mergers, a direct or indirect interest.
Lease means any real estate lease pursuant to which an Old REIT or the Company, directly or through a Subsidiary REIT and/or one or more Partnership Subsidiaries, leased or leases a Hotel or other Real Property to a Lessee, taking into account all subsequent amendments, renewals and/or extensions.
Lessee mean any TRS Lessee or any other party that leases one or more Hotels or other leased Real Property pursuant to a Lease.
Master LLC means either RLJ Lodging II Master, LLC or RLJ Real Estate III Master, LLC.
Partnership Subsidiary means any of RLJ LP and each Master LLC, partnership, limited liability company, or other entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes or disregarded as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes in which either the Company, an Old REIT, or a Subsidiary REIT owns (or owned) an interest, either directly or through one or more other partnerships, limited liability companies or other entities treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes or disregarded as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes (whether or not the interest is (or was) a controlling interest in, or otherwise represents (or represented) the ability to control or direct the operation of, such entity). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term Partnership Subsidiary shall not in any way be deemed to include a TRS or subsidiaries thereof.
Real Property means real property, including interests in real property and interests in mortgages on real property.
Subsidiary REIT means any of RLJ III MH Denver Airport, Inc. (f/k/a Lodgian Denver, Inc.), RLJ III EM West Palm Beach, Inc. (f/k/a Servico Centre Associates, Inc.) and RLJ III C Buckhead, Inc. (f/n/a Lodgian Buckhead, Inc.)
TRS means a taxable REIT subsidiary, as described in Section 856(l) of the Code. Any entity taxable as a corporation in which a TRS of a REIT owns (x) securities possessing more than 35% of the total voting power of the outstanding securities of such entity or (y) securities having a value of more than 35% of the total value of the outstanding securities of such entity shall also be treated as a TRS of such REIT whether or not a separate election is made with respect to such other entity.
TRS Lessee means any lessee of a Hotel that is a TRS.